Spatial statistics fills the space between gauges: interpolating rainfall and groundwater levels, estimating what an ungauged catchment would show, and stating how uncertain the map is where data are thin.
What spatial statistics and geostatistics does here.
Spatial statistics and geostatistics analyse data that vary across space, accounting for spatial dependence. They estimate values at unsampled locations and test for spatial patterns. In water, climate and hazards andbinesaziya girîng, spatial statistics produce continuous hazard and exposure surfaces with uncertainty. They reveal geographic clustering of risks and vulnerabilities across sectors. The canonical description is onSTEM Commons.
Rainfall and groundwater interpolation
Kriging and related methods estimate fields between stations, with an error surface that shows where the estimate is weakest.
Regionalisation to ungauged basins
Model parameters and frequency curves are transferred from gauged to ungauged catchments by similarity, with the transfer error stated.
Hotspot and cluster analysis
Water-quality exceedances and outbreak reports are tested for spatial clustering before a cause is suggested.
03Erdnîgarî
Water now in the Nile Basin.
Flood water, rain and root-zone soil moisture over the Nile Basin, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.
Nexşeya înteraktîf JavaScript hewce dike; lîsteya qatan û çavkanî li jêr in.
rojane; Tesbîtkirina bi peykê; ewr valahiyan dihêlin
Nûtirîn di dema avakirinê de
2026-10-14
Çareserî
tora nêzîkî 250 m
Nediyarî
Tesbîtkirina bi peykê; ewr valahiyan dihêlin. Rasterê peyk an modelê wekî pêşkêşker diweşîne. Ewr, valahiyên şeritê û xeletiya wergirtinê valahî û lerzê dihêlin; nirx nîşander in, ne pîvandinên li cihekî ne.
Bi vê rêyê tê gihîştin
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, tenê piştî ku hûn nexşeya zindî destûr bidin
Texmîna peykî, hema hema di dema rast de. Rasterê peykî an modelî wekî peydakar diweşîne. Ewr, valahiyên şeritê û çewtiya wergirtinê valahî û xîrecir dihêlin; nirx nîşander in, ne pîvanên li cihekî ne.
Bi vê rêyê tê gihîştin
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, tenê piştî ku hûn nexşeya zindî destûr bidin
Model with satellite data assimilated. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.
Bi vê rêyê tê gihîştin
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, tenê piştî ku hûn nexşeya zindî destûr bidin
Wêneyê peykî. Rasterê peykî an modelî wekî peydakar diweşîne. Ewr, valahiyên şeritê û çewtiya wergirtinê valahî û xîrecir dihêlin; nirx nîşander in, ne pîvanên li cihekî ne.
Bi vê rêyê tê gihîştin
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, tenê piştî ku hûn nexşeya zindî destûr bidin
Satellite gravimetry; latest month GIBS publishes. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.
Bi vê rêyê tê gihîştin
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, tenê piştî ku hûn nexşeya zindî destûr bidin
Derbarê vê qatê
Delîl
Modelkirî (sala herî dawî ya ku GIBS diweşîne)
Çavkanî
Vegirtina rûyê erdê ya MODIS Terra û Aqua (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)
Bikişîne da ku bilivîne. Ctrl an ⌘ û zivirandin, pincandin an bişkojkan ji bo nêzîkkirinê; ji bo nirxên di bin nîşanderê de li ser bisekine; vegerandin vedigere herêmê.
Water now, framed on the Nile Basin.Berhemên peyk û modelê wekî NASA diweşîne, her yek bi dîroka xwe. Nîşander in, ne nirxandinên tu cihî ne.
We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified).Daneyên vekirî yên NASA
We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified).Daneyên vekirî yên NASA
Berhemên VIIRS yên hema hema di dema rast de (lehî, germahiya rûyê erdê, vegirtina berfê, refleksiyona rastkirî), NASA LANCE; wêne bi riya NASA GIBS. Reng ji nexşeya rengan a hatî weşandin ji nû ve hatine xêzkirin; nirx li cihê nîşandayî di şaneyên şeşgoşe de hatine navgîn kirin (guhertî). Daneyên vekirî yên NASA
Barana GPM IMERG, NASA Precipitation Processing System; ji aliyê NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) ve tê belavkirin; wêne bi riya NASA GIBS. Reng ji nexşeya rengan a weşandî dîsa hatine xêzkirin; nirx li cihên ku têne nîşandan di şaneyên şeşgoşe de hatine navînkirin (guherandî). Daneyên vekirî yên NASA
Şiliya axê û girseya berfê ya SMAP Level 4, NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; ji aliyê NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center DAAC ve tê belavkirin; wêne bi riya NASA GIBS. Reng ji nexşeya rengan a hatî weşandin ji nû ve hatine xêzkirin; nirx li cihê nîşandayî di şaneyên şeşgoşe de hatine navgîn kirin (guhertî). Daneyên vekirî yên NASA
Çareseriya mascon a GRACE û GRACE-FO JPL, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; ji aliyê NASA Physical Oceanography DAAC (PO.DAAC) ve tê belavkirin; wêne bi riya NASA GIBS. Reng ji nexşeya rengan a weşandî dîsa hatine xêzkirin; nirx li cihên ku têne nîşandan di şaneyên şeşgoşe de hatine navînkirin (guherandî). Daneyên vekirî yên NASA
Berhemên rûyê erdê yên MODIS (îndeksên nebatiyê, hilberîna seretayî ya giştî, vegirtina rûyê erdê), NASA LP DAAC û LANCE; wêne bi riya NASA GIBS. Reng ji nexşeya rengan a hatî weşandin ji nû ve hatine xêzkirin; nirx li cihê nîşandayî di şaneyên şeşgoşe de hatine navgîn kirin (guhertî). Daneyên vekirî yên NASA
ASTER GDEM berhemek METI û NASA ye (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); wêne bi riya NASA GIBS. Reng ji nexşeya rengan a weşandî dîsa hatine xêzkirin; nirx li cihên ku têne nîşandan di şaneyên şeşgoşe de hatine navînkirin (guherandî). Bi vî awayî binivîse: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. Daneyên vekirî yên NASA
Bi Natural Earth hatiye çêkirin. Daneyên nexşeyê yên vektor û raster ên belaş @ naturalearthdata.com. Giştî
Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; wêne bi riya NASA GIBS. Reng ji nexşeya rengan a weşandî dîsa hatine xêzkirin; nirx li cihên ku têne nîşandan di şaneyên şeşgoşe de hatine navînkirin (guherandî). Daneyên vekirî yên NASA
Bûyerên zindî: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); bûyer nîşanî ne û girêdanên çavkaniya xwe ya orîjînal diparêzin.
Zindî: Bûyerên NASA EONET nîşander in, ne hişyariyên desthilatê ne.
Live: NASA GPM IMERG Early. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
Pêşbîniya herikîna çemê, 30 roj bi navber (GloFAS bi riya Open-Meteo): Agahiyên Copernicus Emergency Management Service yên guhertî dihewîne 2026; ne hişyariya lehiyê ye.
Salek borî, germahiya rojane (ERA5 bi riya Open-Meteo): Agahiyên Copernicus Climate Change Service yên guhertî dihewîne 2026.
Salek borî, germahî û tava rojane (NASA POWER): Ev dane ji NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) POWER Project hatine wergirtin ku ji aliyê NASA Earth Science/Applied Science Program ve tê fînansekirin..
Daneyên hewayê ji Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), bi lîsansa CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Qatên bijartî (14 çavkanî di lîsteya qatan de: zindî, pêşbînî, çavdêrîkirî û çarçoveyî) dema ku têne vekirin krediya peydakar li ser nexşeyê û li vir çap dikin; pêşbînî encamên modelê ne û nîşanderên derxistî texmîn in.
Qat û dîrok
Ava lehiyê, berhevoka 3-rojî: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Cotmeh 2026
Cureyê vegirtina rûyê erdê (IGBP), salane: vegirtina rûyê erdê ya MODIS Terra û Aqua (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC · 2024
04Dane
What the method consumes.
Datasets and records used by spatial statistics and geostatistics on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed inthe source register.
Dane
Rol
Nîşan
Station networks
Interpolation inputs
ÇAVDÊRÎKIRÎ
Catchment descriptors
Similarity measures
TEXMÎNKIRÎ
Satellite fields
Covariates for interpolation
MODELKIRÎ
05Çavdêrî bike
Spatial model.
The screen a team would use to follow this method: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.
Spatial model
Water · Spatial statistics for water data · Run R-2544
Cross-validation completeGCRI · Water Nexus
Prediction surface
kriged estimate · example
Empirical variogram
Leave-one-out validation
Region 1
1.5
0.1
85
Derbas
Region 2
0.8
0.2
94
Undercovers
Region 3
0.9
−0.1
89
Undercovers
Spatial model: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Water.Nav û nirxên nimûneyî; sêwiran e, ne qeyd an pergaleke zindî ye.
06Erêkirin
How results are checked.
Predictions are tested using spatial cross-validation that respects dependence. Uncertainty maps are compared with independent observations.
Kontrol bikin
How it is done
Cross-validation
Stations are withheld in turn and predicted; the error is mapped
Variogram review
The spatial model is inspected, not assumed
Edge effects
Estimates near borders and coasts carry their larger uncertainty
Results depend on the scale and zoning of analysis. Sparse or clustered sampling limits prediction in unsampled areas.
07Simulatorê cêwî û kaskade
Model spatial statistics for water data as a system. Run the cascade.
Assembled from theNexus Standardsarea profileStandardên xetera avê: the hazards it names, thepergalanand sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the fullSystem Builder.
Nirxên fêrkirinê ji bo herêmeke bajarî ya tîpîk, ne pîvanên ji bo ti cihekî. Girêdan berhevoka hêza têkiliyên di lîstikê de ye, wekî para hemû pazdehan.
10Stewardship
Who maintains the method.
Ezman û Çavdêriya Erdêstewards spatial statistics and geostatistics for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
How spatial statistics for water data is modelled, measured and tested.
Model, texmînên wî, daneyên wî û nediyariya wî, bi şeweyê ku zanyar an endezyar kontrol bike. Avahî rêbazên weşandî dişopînin. Nirxên hatine xêzkirin nimûneyî ne, ne encam in.
Modela pergalê
The couplings between the systems in spatial statistics for water data: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
Prensîbên rêber ên FAIR · GO FAIR û FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumRêwerzên ji bo birêvebirina hevgirtî ya nediyarîyan · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
12Girêdayî
Ev rûpel li ser Konsorsiyûmê te ber bi kû ve dibe.
Spatial statistics for water data: Layers to published map
7 steps·4 qonax·1 gate
Pêvajo
Spatial statistics for water data: Layers to published map
Layers enter with their rights, are aligned, analysed and checked for uncertainty, then released after public-safe review; a map is a governed spatial claim.
01 Data
01Source layers with their rightsDataset ·NXS-GRX(canonical data, provenance and risk)Spatial views of The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX) products sit under the boundary licence gate. Rights classification sets how a layer may be used.
02 Harmonise
02Coordinate reference and boundary versionTomar · NXS-EOP(earth observation and digital twins)The area of interest preserves its coordinate reference system, polygon validity and observation support. Boundary versions are kept.
03Harmonise units, variables and timeGavUnit metadata, conversion records and transformation logs are required. Alignment is an evidence event, not hidden preprocessing.
03 Analyse and check
04Analyse with a recorded processing recipeModel · GIS teamA processing recipe records parameters, calibration, inputs and output lineage. The analysis methods are named in each product’s own record.
05Spatial uncertainty checkDerîSpatial uncertainty is recorded and affects downstream use. A high-uncertainty polygon may suit internal review, not public-safe release.
04 Biweşîne
06Spatial metadata bundleTomarThe bundle records boundary type, jurisdiction, geometry version, projection, resolution, source, time window, uncertainty and access class.
07Public-safe release of the mapBiryarThe output record names the redactions, uncertainty and public-safe reviewer. A map is a governed spatial claim, never merely a picture.
Spatio-temporal intelligence· Data protocols: semantic, jurisdictional and temporal intelligence · NXS-EOPDesigned programme process, not a record of operation. No cycle has run and every programme is at service level R0. A gate is a programme decision, never a public-authority approval, certification or deployment authorisation. The pages cited are design doctrine.
14Pirs
Pirs û bersiv.
What are the limits of spatial statistics and geostatistics in this field?
Results depend on the scale and zoning of analysis. Sparse or clustered sampling limits prediction in unsampled areas.
How are results checked?
Predictions are tested using spatial cross-validation that respects dependence. Uncertainty maps are compared with independent observations.
Are the values on this page real?
The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method’s use, not a run; no result is reported here.
rêzeya Pergalên Stratejîkis the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
GCRIWater NexusXetere û berxwedana sektorî ya cîhanîXetera pergalan û berxwedana welatanSînyala Çavdêrxaneyê
Tu carî daneyên şexsî, hûrgiliyên binesaza hesas an tiştekî ku mafê we yê parvekirinê tune ne neşînin. Beşdarî berî bikaranînê tê nirxandin; şandina wê nivîskarî an mafên edîtorî nade û sponsorî tu carî encamekê nakire.
Water Nexus
Rêbazek, danehevek an pirsek bîne.
Agahî û pirs îro vekirî ne. Pirsek referansekê distîne û gava piştî wê dide nasîn; serlêdan, drav, veqetandina hesabkirinê û tomarkirin tenê dema ku tîm, mercên wê û kapasîteya vekolînê hebin vedibin.
Nexşe, dane û jimarên vê malperê ji bo çarçoveyê û agahiyên giştî têne nîşandan. Ew ne şîret, ne pêşbînî û ne hişyarî ne; sînorên agahiyê di Daxuyaniyên Berpirsiyariyê û Daxuyaniyên Daneyê de hatine diyarkirin.
Editors and the expert reviewers named on each article decide what we publish. Funders and partners do not review or approve articles before publication.
This site uses only strictly necessary cookies to work and to remember your privacy choices. Nothing loads from other companies, and we never sell or share your personal information.
Details
This site uses only strictly necessary cookies to work and to remember your privacy choices. Nothing loads from other companies, and we never sell or share your personal information. We run no advertising. You can review your choices at any time through Privacy choices at the foot of every page.