GCRI · 关键基础设施
方法与不确定性
The methods 关键基础设施 relies on: their equations and assumptions, the data they need, how they are validated and the limits of what they can show.
事情发生的顺序。
- 01草稿已引用来源,已附标签
- 02证据核查每个数值均可追溯
- 03独立审查已申报的利益冲突
- 04版本连同其局限一并发布
- 05更正新版本,绝不进行无声修改
使用中的方法。
- 01可靠性与韧性工程生命线韧性指标 · 网络可靠性分析 · 恢复规划在此应用
- 02系统工程韧性要求 · 接口映射 · 全生命周期验证在此应用
- 03网络科学与传染关键节点与链路分析 · 相互依赖网络模型 · 冗余评估在此应用
- 04传感器、物联网与观测网络结构健康监测 · 泄漏与压力监测 · 电网传感在此应用
- 05通信与网络技术关键任务通信 · 回程线路多样性 · 运营者的通信依赖在此应用
- 06优化与运筹学韧性投资组合 · 恢复调度 · 不确定性下的网络设计在此应用
- 07空间系统与卫星服务授时依赖审查 · 卫星备份通信 · 天基资产监测在此应用
- 08能源发电、储能与电网技术备用电源方案 · 关键服务微电网 · 紧急情况下的燃料供应在此应用
- 09电力系统工程事故分析 · 配电网加固 · 黑启动与恢复计划在此应用
- 10结构与地震工程基础设施部件的易损性 · 关键结构加固 · 事后检查在此应用
- 11城市与交通工程网络关键性 · 气候韧性设计 · 中断期间的运营在此应用
- 12过程与工业安全工程自然灾害引发技术灾难(Natech)风险评估 · 保护层 · 从事故中学习在此应用
Each method, its role in this field and how it is checked.
- 韧性工程Role hereReliability and resilience engineering is the method this platform stewards for the network.Checks appliedBack-casting events; Common-cause review; Operator review
- 系统工程Role hereSystems engineering treats infrastructure as a system of systems with requirements, interfaces and life cycles.Checks appliedRequirement traceability; Interface ownership; Operational verification
- 网络科学Role hereNetwork science represents infrastructure as nodes and links to measure structure, find critical elements and simulate how failures spread.Checks appliedTopology verification; Sensitivity to missing links; Validation against events
- Sensing IoTRole hereSensors, the internet of things and observation networks give operators continuous information on asset condition and service performance.Checks appliedSensor calibration; Data quality flags; Security of sensor networks
- 通信Role hereCommunications and network technology carry control signals, emergency calls and data between infrastructure systems.Checks appliedPhysical route verification; Backup testing; Capacity under surge
- 优化Role hereOptimisation and operations research choose the best use of limited budgets, crews and capacity.Checks appliedScenario coverage; Constraint validation; Solution stability
- 空间系统Role hereSpace systems provide positioning, timing, communications and observation that infrastructure depends on.Checks appliedHoldover verification; Alternative source review; Imagery accuracy
- Energy technologyRole hereEnergy technologies, from batteries and fuel cells to distributed solar and microgrids, change how infrastructure keeps power through outages.Checks appliedLoad testing; Fuel logistics review; Maintenance records
- Power engineeringRole herePower engineering covers the generation, transmission, distribution and protection of electricity.Checks appliedModel validation; Restoration drills; Cost-effectiveness review
- 结构工程Role hereStructural and earthquake engineering decide whether buildings, bridges, towers and treatment plants withstand hazard loads.Checks appliedFragility validation; Peer review; Inspection consistency
- 城市交通工程Role hereUrban and transport engineering design and operate the roads, rail and public transport that move people and goods.Checks appliedModel calibration; Design value review; Equity of diversions
- Process safetyRole hereProcess and industrial safety engineering prevents fires, explosions and toxic releases in facilities that handle hazardous materials.Checks appliedScenario completeness; Safeguard independence; Regulatory consistency
流程如何运行。
Process explorer · Process
Methods and uncertainty: PRISMA 2020 review reporting
10 steps·4 个阶段
流程
Methods and uncertainty: PRISMA 2020 review reporting
PRISMA 2020 是系统综述的报告指南;各步骤依循其核查清单,而非强制顺序,且没有任何 Nexus 文件采纳它。
01 Plan
- 01注册与协议记录 · 审查团队该指南要求说明注册信息、方案的获取方式以及任何修订。
- 02资格标准记录 · 审查团队该指南要求说明纳入与排除标准以及研究的分组方式。
02 查找与遴选
- 03检索:来源与策略步骤 · 审查团队该指南要求说明信息来源与完整的检索策略。它并不规定使用哪些来源。
- 04研究的遴选步骤 · 审查团队该指南要求说明如何判定研究符合纳入条件,包括有多少名审查人进行筛选。它并不规定审查人数量。
- 05流程图记录流程图显示检索到的记录数量、纳入的研究数量以及排除的理由。
03 分析
- 06数据收集步骤 · 审查团队该指南要求说明如何从报告中收集数据以及寻求了哪些数据项。
- 07偏倚风险步骤 · 审查团队该指南要求说明评估偏倚风险所使用的方法与工具。
- 08综合模型 · 审查团队该指南要求说明效应量指标与综合方法。它并不规定必须进行荟萃分析。
- 09证据的确定性步骤 · 审查团队该指南要求说明评估确定性所用的方法,并按结局报告结果。它并未指定分级量表。
04 报告
- 10审查报告记录该指南帮助作者报告开展综述的原因、所做的工作以及所得的发现。
报告Outline of an externally published reporting guideline, not a Nexus process and not a record of operation. PRISMA 2020 mainly covers reviews of intervention effects. No Nexus page names it. Every programme is at service level R0.
Where uncertainty in infrastructure analysis comes from, and how it is shown.
| 来源 | Why it matters here | How it is reported |
|---|---|---|
| Network data | Operators rarely share full topology | Data coverage stated; synthetic networks labelled |
| 脆弱性 | Asset response to hazards varies by age and design | Fragility ranges |
| Restoration times | Depend on crews, spares and access | Distributions from past events |
| 依赖关系 | Often undocumented | Elicited and labelled as expert judgement |
Cascade results are reported as scenarios with the dependency assumptions listed.
如何报告不确定性。
- 01
说明假设
每项分析都列出其假设及其所依赖的数据。
- 02
尽可能量化
在报告中心估计值的同时报告区间与置信度。
- 03
验证与比较
模型会对照观测数据进行核查,并在可能时与其他模型进行对照。
- 04
发布限制
分析无法说明的内容与其能够说明的内容并列陈述。
Where this page’s references lead.
阅读本页时所对照的机构和文件。状态和版本会变化;每个链接都指向发布机构。
问题与解答。
方法是开放的吗?
从本页贡献证据。
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