GCRI · Société et développement humain

Éducation et capacités

Éducation builds the capabilities people need to lead lives they value: literacy, numeracy, skills and the confidence to participate. Many children attend school without learning foundational skills, and crises close schools and push children out. This page sets out how learning happens and is disrupted, how access and learning are measured, and what evidence serves the education authorities and agencies responsible.

01Registre

Education and capabilities on the record.

02La question

Education and capabilities: how the risk develops.

Learning inequality and societal opportunity. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mécanisme

Schooling is not learning

Enrolment has risen widely, but many children leave primary school unable to read a simple text. Foundational learning is the core gap.

Mécanisme

Lost learning compounds

Children who fall behind early struggle to catch up, and school closures in crises widen gaps that persist.

Mécanisme

Barriers differ by group

Poverty, gender norms, disability, displacement and language keep particular groups out of school or learning less.

Mécanisme

Schools need protection

Attacks on schools, disasters and use of schools as shelters interrupt education; safe school planning reduces disruption.

03Suivi

Social protection and cohesion.

L'écran qu'une équipe utiliserait pour suivre ce sujet : ses mesures, ses états et ses décisions. Les noms sont des exemples et les valeurs sont illustratives.

Social protection and cohesion

Education and capabilities · Urban ward 9 · Year 2

Survey wave closedGCRI · Société et développement humain

Coverage by quintile

050100share of households receiving supportQ1Q2Q3Q4Q5

Cohesion survey

Trust in neighbours5847▼ 3
Trust in local authority4758▼ 5
Reported discrimination1212▲ 4
Social protection and cohesion: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Education and capabilities.Noms donnés à titre d'exemple et valeurs illustratives ; une conception, non un enregistrement ni un système en service.
04À travers les domaines

Education builds the capability to manage risk in every domain.

05Méthodes et preuves

How education and capabilities is modelled, measured and tested.

Le modèle, ses hypothèses, ses données et son incertitude, sous la forme qu'un scientifique ou un ingénieur vérifierait. Les structures suivent des méthodes publiées. Les valeurs représentées sont illustratives, ce ne sont pas des résultats.

Modèle de système

The couplings between the systems in education and capabilities: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+SociétéInformationCommunautésÉconomieR renforçanteB équilibrage
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
Principes directeurs FAIR · GO FAIR et FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumOrientations sur le traitement cohérent des incertitudes · GIECCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Comité sur les satellites d'observation de la Terre
06Indicateurs

Ce qui est mesuré, et avec quelle qualité.

Chaque indicateur porte son unité, sa périodicité, le type de source qui le sous-tend et l'étiquette de preuve que porterait une valeur. Aucune valeur n'est affichée : un programme les fournit sous sa propre autorité.

IndicateurUnitéFréquenceType de sourceÉtiquette
Out-of-school ratepercent of children of school ageannuelUIS dataESTIMÉ
Learning povertypercent of ten-year-olds unable to read and understand a simple textpar évaluationWorld Bank and UIS estimatesESTIMÉ
Minimum proficiency in reading and mathematicspercent of studentspar évaluationSDG indicator 4.1.1 assessmentsOBSERVÉ
School days lost to closuresjourspar événementÉducation ministry recordsDÉCLARÉ
Gender parity index in enrolmentratioannuelUIS dataStatistiques publiées
Education spendingpourcentage du PIBannuelUIS and budget dataStatistiques publiées
07Sources

D'où proviennent les données probantes.

Jeux de données publics et registres institutionnels nommés, chacun avec sa catégorie de licence. Les sources fournies dans le cadre d'accords ne sont utilisées que selon leurs conditions et ne sont jamais republiées.

SourcesCe qu'elle apporteCatégorie de licence
Institut de statistique de l'UNESCOEnrolment, completion, learning and spendingOpen, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
UNESCO Global Éducation Monitoring ReportAnalysis of progress on education goalsPublic, UNESCO terms
International learning assessments such as PISA, TIMSS, PIRLS and regional assessmentsAcquis d'apprentissagePublic results, terms per programme
Global Coalition to Protect Education from AttackAttacks on educationPublic, terms to check
Comprehensive School Safety Framework resourcesSafe schools planningPublic, terms per publisher (to check)
08Décisions

Qui décide, et à quoi servent les données probantes.

Society and Human Development prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Qui décideLa questionDonnées probantes servies par cette page
Éducation ministriesWhere to focus on access and foundational learningProfiles; programme evaluations
Education in emergencies agenciesHow to keep children learning in crisesDisruption and recovery evidence
Finance ministries and donorsHow much to invest and whereSpending and outcome evidence

Résultats que produit ce thème

  • Access and learning profiles by group
  • Evaluations of foundational learning programmes
  • Disruption and recovery analyses for crises
  • Evidence notes for education planning
09Questions essentielles

Les questions que se posent les experts.

  • Who is in school, and who is actually learning?
  • How do disasters, conflict and epidemics interrupt education, and what are the lasting effects?
  • How does education change people’s capacity to prepare for and recover from shocks?
  • Which interventions recover lost learning?
  • How do skills systèmes prepare people for changing work?
10Mécanismes

Learning, disruption and capability.

Enrolment has expanded widely, but many children in school do not acquire foundational literacy and numeracy. Learning gaps follow income, gender, disability, language and location. Crises widen them: school closures interrupt learning and nutrition programmes, damaged buildings take time to rebuild, and the children most affected are usually those already behind. Learning losses can persist into adulthood as lower skills and earnings.

Éducation also builds resilience. Educated households tend to have better health, more diversified livelihoods and greater ability to use warnings and information. In the capability approach, education expands the real freedoms people have to choose how to live. Skills systèmes shape whether workers can adapt as technology and changement climatique alter labour markets.

Gender shapes these effects. In many settings girls are more likely to be withdrawn from school during economic stress or displacement, and to face early marriage, while boys may be pulled into work; recovery measures that ignore these differences leave gaps that persist into adulthood.

11Méthodes et données

Evidence on learning.

Évaluation

Learning assessments

Standardised and household-based assessments measure what children learn; comparability across systèmes is limited.

Admin data

Dossiers scolaires

Enrolment, attendance and infrastructure data from education systems; quality varies.

Évaluation

Impact studies

Evaluations of remedial learning, school feeding and distance learning; effects depend on context.

Limits: out-of-school and displaced children are often missing from data, and short-term test results capture only part of what education provides.

13Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Les organismes et documents à l'aune desquels cette page se lit. Les statuts et éditions changent ; chaque lien mène à l'organisme émetteur.

14Questions

Questions et réponses.

What is learning poverty?
The share of ten-year-old children unable to read and understand a simple text, combining out-of-school children and those in school who are not learning.
What is the capability approach?
A view of development, associated with Amartya Sen, that focuses on people’s real freedoms to be and do what they value, such as being educated and healthy.
How do crises affect education?
They close or damage schools, displace children and teachers, and push families to withdraw children, causing learning losses that persist.
Does the platform design curricula?
No. It studies learning inequality and the effects of crises on education. Curricula belong to education authorities.
Can remote learning replace schools in a crisis?
It can reduce losses where connectivity, devices and support exist, but evidence shows it often widens gaps for those without them.
Why is education a risk topic?
Because it shapes how people prepare for, understand and recover from shocks, and because crises can cause lasting learning losses.
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