GCRI · Sociedade e desenvolvimento humano

Media e sistemas de informação

In a crisis, what people know depends on news media, social platforms, messaging apps, authority channels and word of mouth. These sistemas can save lives by spreading accurate warnings and guidance, or spread rumours and false information that cost them. This page sets out how information systems work in crises and over time, how information quality and access are measured, and what evidence serves the authorities, media and civil society involved.

02A pergunta

Media and information systems: how the risk develops.

Media and public information as social sistemas. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mecanismo

Local news is shrinking

Loss of local journalism leaves communities with fewer trusted sources and less scrutiny of local institutions.

Mecanismo

Messaging apps carry crisis information

Private messaging groups spread information quickly, including rumours, and are hard for authorities to monitor or correct.

Mecanismo

Platforms amplify what engages

Recommendation systems favour content that draws attention, which can amplify fear, outrage and false claims in a crisis.

Mecanismo

Trusted messengers matter

People act on information from sources they trust, such as community leaders, health workers and local media, more than on distant authorities.

03Monitoramento

Social protection and cohesion.

A tela que uma equipe usaria para acompanhar esta matéria: suas medidas, estados e decisões. Os nomes são exemplos e os valores são ilustrativos.

Social protection and cohesion

Media and information systems · Urban ward 9 · Year 2

Survey wave closedGCRI · Sociedade e desenvolvimento humano

Coverage by quintile

050100share of households receiving supportQ1Q2Q3Q4Q5

Cohesion survey

Trust in neighbours6351▲ 2
Trust in local authority4852▲ 1
Reported discrimination911▲ 2
Social protection and cohesion: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Media and information systems.Nomes de exemplo e valores ilustrativos; um projeto, não um registro nem um sistema ativo.
04Em todos os domínios

Information systems carry risk messages for every domain.

05Métodos e evidência

How media and information systems is modelled, measured and tested.

O modelo, os seus pressupostos, os seus dados e a sua incerteza, na forma que um cientista ou engenheiro verificaria. As estruturas seguem métodos publicados. Os valores representados são ilustrativos, não conclusões.

Modelo de sistema

The couplings between the systems in media and information systems: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+SociedadeInformaçãoComunidadesEconomiaR de reforçoB equilíbrio
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
Princípios orientadores FAIR · GO FAIR e FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumOrientação sobre o tratamento consistente das incertezas · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
06Indicadores

O que é medido e com que qualidade.

Cada indicador leva sua unidade, sua periodicidade, o tipo de fonte por trás dele e a etiqueta de evidência que um valor levaria. Nenhum valor é mostrado: um programa os fornece sob sua própria autoridade.

IndicadorUnidadeCadênciaTipo de fonteRótulo
Trust in newspercent trusting most news most of the timeanualNews consumption surveysREPORTADO
Main source of news by typeporcentagem de respondentesanualNews consumption surveysREPORTADO
Journalists killed or imprisonedcontagemanualPress freedom monitorsREPORTADO
Local news outletscount per regionpor avaliaçãoMedia mapping studiesESTIMADO
Rumours tracked in crisis responsecount by themepor eventoCommunity feedback sistemasREPORTADO
Population reached by authority crisis messagespercentpor eventoPost-event surveysREPORTADO
07Fontes

De onde vêm as evidências.

Conjuntos de dados públicos nomeados e registros institucionais, cada um com sua classe de licença. As fontes obtidas por acordo só são usadas nos seus termos e nunca são republicadas.

FonteO que ofereceClasse de licença
Reuters Institute Digital News ReportNews use and trust across countriesPublic report, terms per publisher
UNESCO Observatory of Killed Journalists and World Trends in Freedom of ExpressionSafety of journalists and media freedomPublic, UNESCO terms
Committee to Protect Journalists dataJournalists killed and imprisonedPublic, terms to check
WHO infodemic management resourcesMethods for managing information in health emergenciesPublic, WHO terms of use
IFRC and partner community feedback and rumour tracking guidanceMethods for listening to communities in crisesPublic, IFRC terms (to check)
08Decisões

Quem decide, e a que servem as evidências.

Society and Human Development prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Quem decideA perguntaEvidências a que esta página serve
Public health and emergency authoritiesHow to reach people with accurate information in crisesEcosystem assessments; trust profiles
Media organisations and regulatorsHow to support local journalism and information qualityMedia mapping and freedom evidence
Humanitarian agenciesHow to listen to and respond to community concernsRumour tracking evidence

Produtos que este tema gera

  • Information ecosystem assessments for crisis communication
  • Rumour tracking and community feedback methods
  • Media access and trust profiles
  • Evidence notes for risk communication
09Questões centrais

As questões que os especialistas levantam.

  • How is the information ecosystem structured, and who controls its key channels?
  • What happens to public knowledge when local news declines?
  • How do information flows behave during crises, and where do they break?
  • Which communities are poorly served by mainstream channels?
  • How do economic models of media affect the quality of risk information?
10Mecanismos

The ecosystem and its fragilities.

Information ecosystems combine professional media, platforms, messaging apps, community channels and authority sources. The decline of local journalism in many places has reduced coverage of local government, hazards and public health. Platforms have become major gatekeepers, and their ranking and moderation choices shape exposure to information. Encrypted messaging networks carry both community support and rumour, and are hard to observe.

During crises, demand for information surges while normal channels may fail through power and network outages. Rumours fill gaps when authority information is slow or distrusted. Language, literacy, disability and connectivity determine who receives timely information. Concentration of ownership and dependence on advertising revenue influence what is covered and how.

Resilient information sistemas share some features: diverse sources, trusted local intermediaries, channels that work without the internet such as radio, information in the languages people speak, and authority communicators who are open about uncertainty and correct themselves quickly. These features can be studied, compared and strengthened.

Public service and community media often play an outsized role in crises because they reach people without internet access and are locally trusted. Their funding and independence are therefore part of a society’s risk infrastructure, a point the field documents with comparative evidence across countries.

11Métodos e dados

Methods and limits.

Mapping

Ecosystem mapping

Mapping outlets, audiences and flows of information in a place.

Conteúdo

Content analysis

Systematic analysis of coverage and narratives; large-scale methods need careful validation.

Audience

Audience research

Surveys and qualitative work on how people find and judge information.

Limits: platform data access is restricted, private messaging is largely unobservable, and rapidly changing technology dates findings quickly.

12Métodos

Como é estudado e o que os métodos não podem dizer.

13Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Os organismos e documentos à luz dos quais esta página é lida. O estado e as edições mudam; cada ligação leva ao organismo emissor.

14Perguntas

Perguntas e respostas.

What is an infodemic?
An overabundance of information, including false or misleading information, during a health emergency, in WHO usage.
Why does local journalism matter in a crisis?
Because local outlets provide specific, trusted information about what is happening nearby and hold local institutions to account.
What is rumour tracking?
Systematically collecting and analysing rumours and questions from communities so responders can address concerns and correct false information.
Does the platform rate media outlets?
No. It studies information systems and their effects on public outcomes.
How is this different from the chapter?
The chapter organises a community of researchers around the subject; this topic page sets out the science.
Is GCRI a media regulator?
No. GCRI does not regulate, certify, license or approve.
RelatóriosContribuir

Contribua com evidências a partir desta página.

Relatórios is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRISociedade e desenvolvimento humanoRisco e Resiliência dos Sistemas NacionaisResumo de evidências
Sociedade e desenvolvimento humano

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