LabsLab networkProgrammes
One lab programme per Risk Academy faculty

Lab programmes, by discipline.

Each programme gathers the labs that teach in one Academy faculty. It names the lab work it backs, the disciplines it serves, the standards its modules teach and open-access reading to start from.

Programmes

Choose a programme.

Programmes follow the nine Risk Academy faculties, so every contribution has a course to live in.

Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences

Earth and environment lab programme

Earth observation, climate and ecosystem data turned into exposure and change evidence that a learner can reproduce from open archives.

Lab work it backs
  • Earth observation change-detection labs
  • Climate data processing notebooks
  • Biodiversity indicator exercises
Standards it teaches
  • NRS-M17 Climate, nature and biodiversity
  • NRS-H10 Water deficit (NHS-1 water.deficit)
  • NRS-H11 Coastal and sea-level hazards (NHS-1 water.coastal)

Disciplines

Atmosphere and air chemistry · Biodiversity and ecosystems · Climate science, variability and change · Cryosphere and mountain systems · Earth observation and Earth system data · Food systems and agriculture · Land, forests and soils · Oceans and coasts · Planetary boundaries and Earth system resilience · Water security and hydrology

Further reading (open access)

Open-access works chosen by relevance to the programme, with full citations. Metadata only; follow the link for the text.

  1. Rölfer, L., Winter, G., Máñez Costa, M., & Celliers, L. (2020). Earth observation and coastal climate services for small islands. Climate Services, 18, 100168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2020.100168

    doi:10.1016/j.cliser.2020.100168Open access · Version of recordCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Rölfer, L., Winter, G., Máñez Costa, M., & Celliers, L. (2020). Earth observation and coastal climate services for small islands. Climate Services, 18, 100168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2020.100168
    Chicago
    Rölfer, Lena, Gundula Winter, María Máñez Costa, and Louis Celliers. 2020. “Earth observation and coastal climate services for small islands.” Climate Services 18: 100168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2020.100168.
    BibTeX
    @article{rolfer2020earth, author  = {Rölfer, Lena and Winter, Gundula and Máñez Costa, María and Celliers, Louis}, title   = {{Earth observation and coastal climate services for small islands}}, journal = {Climate Services}, year    = {2020}, volume  = {18}, pages   = {100168}, doi     = {10.1016/j.cliser.2020.100168}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2020.100168}, note    = {Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Rölfer, Lena AU  - Winter, Gundula AU  - Máñez Costa, María AU  - Celliers, Louis TI  - Earth observation and coastal climate services for small islands JO  - Climate Services PY  - 2020 VL  - 18 SP  - 100168 DO  - 10.1016/j.cliser.2020.100168 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2020.100168 N1  - Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2020.100168 ER  - 

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  2. Miao, Z., Li, C., Su, T., & Wu, Y. (2026). Global assessment of climate-driven lag and cumulative effects on vegetation using Earth Observation data and multivariable machine learning models. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 152, 105403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2026.105403

    doi:10.1016/j.jag.2026.105403Open access · Version of recordCC BY 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Miao, Z., Li, C., Su, T., & Wu, Y. (2026). Global assessment of climate-driven lag and cumulative effects on vegetation using Earth Observation data and multivariable machine learning models. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 152, 105403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2026.105403
    Chicago
    Miao, Zhuqing, Cheng Li, Tao Su, and Yongping Wu. 2026. “Global assessment of climate-driven lag and cumulative effects on vegetation using Earth Observation data and multivariable machine learning models.” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 152: 105403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2026.105403.
    BibTeX
    @article{miao2026global, author  = {Miao, Zhuqing and Li, Cheng and Su, Tao and Wu, Yongping}, title   = {{Global assessment of climate-driven lag and cumulative effects on vegetation using Earth Observation data and multivariable machine learning models}}, journal = {International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation}, year    = {2026}, volume  = {152}, pages   = {105403}, doi     = {10.1016/j.jag.2026.105403}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2026.105403}, note    = {Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Miao, Zhuqing AU  - Li, Cheng AU  - Su, Tao AU  - Wu, Yongping TI  - Global assessment of climate-driven lag and cumulative effects on vegetation using Earth Observation data and multivariable machine learning models JO  - International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation PY  - 2026 VL  - 152 SP  - 105403 DO  - 10.1016/j.jag.2026.105403 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2026.105403 N1  - Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2026.105403 ER  - 

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  3. Lucas, A. (2021). Risking the earth Part 1: Reassessing dangerous anthropogenic interference and climate risk in IPCC processes. Climate Risk Management, 31, 100257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2020.100257

    doi:10.1016/j.crm.2020.100257Open access · Version of recordCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Lucas, A. (2021). Risking the earth Part 1: Reassessing dangerous anthropogenic interference and climate risk in IPCC processes. Climate Risk Management, 31, 100257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2020.100257
    Chicago
    Lucas, Adam. 2021. “Risking the earth Part 1: Reassessing dangerous anthropogenic interference and climate risk in IPCC processes.” Climate Risk Management 31: 100257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2020.100257.
    BibTeX
    @article{lucas2021risking, author  = {Lucas, Adam}, title   = {{Risking the earth Part 1: Reassessing dangerous anthropogenic interference and climate risk in IPCC processes}}, journal = {Climate Risk Management}, year    = {2021}, volume  = {31}, pages   = {100257}, doi     = {10.1016/j.crm.2020.100257}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2020.100257}, note    = {Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Lucas, Adam TI  - Risking the earth Part 1: Reassessing dangerous anthropogenic interference and climate risk in IPCC processes JO  - Climate Risk Management PY  - 2021 VL  - 31 SP  - 100257 DO  - 10.1016/j.crm.2020.100257 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2020.100257 N1  - Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2020.100257 ER  - 

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  4. Kardkasem, R., & Carney, M. (2024). Modeling Multiday Extreme Precipitation Across Eastern Australia: A Dynamical Perspective (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.10139

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.2403.10139Open access · PreprintVersion v1Metadata: arXiv

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    APA 7
    Kardkasem, R., & Carney, M. (2024). Modeling Multiday Extreme Precipitation Across Eastern Australia: A Dynamical Perspective (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.10139
    Chicago
    Kardkasem, Ruethaichanok, and Meagan Carney. 2024. Modeling Multiday Extreme Precipitation Across Eastern Australia: A Dynamical Perspective. Version v1. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.10139.
    BibTeX
    @misc{kardkasem2024modeling, author        = {Kardkasem, Ruethaichanok and Carney, Meagan}, title         = {{Modeling Multiday Extreme Precipitation Across Eastern Australia: A Dynamical Perspective}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2024}, version       = {v1}, eprint        = {2403.10139}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.2403.10139}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.10139} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - Kardkasem, Ruethaichanok AU  - Carney, Meagan TI  - Modeling Multiday Extreme Precipitation Across Eastern Australia: A Dynamical Perspective PY  - 2024 ET  - v1 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2403.10139 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.10139 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.10139 ER  - 

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  5. Healy, D., Tawn, J. A., Thorne, P., & Parnell, A. (2024). Spatio-temporal analysis of extreme winter temperatures in Ireland (Version v2) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.10796

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.2412.10796Open access · PreprintVersion v2Metadata: arXiv

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    APA 7
    Healy, D., Tawn, J. A., Thorne, P., & Parnell, A. (2024). Spatio-temporal analysis of extreme winter temperatures in Ireland (Version v2) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.10796
    Chicago
    Healy, Dáire, Jonathan A. Tawn, Peter Thorne, and Andrew Parnell. 2024. Spatio-temporal analysis of extreme winter temperatures in Ireland. Version v2. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.10796.
    BibTeX
    @misc{healy2024spatio, author        = {Healy, Dáire and Tawn, Jonathan A. and Thorne, Peter and Parnell, Andrew}, title         = {{Spatio-temporal analysis of extreme winter temperatures in Ireland}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2024}, version       = {v2}, eprint        = {2412.10796}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.2412.10796}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.10796} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - Healy, Dáire AU  - Tawn, Jonathan A. AU  - Thorne, Peter AU  - Parnell, Andrew TI  - Spatio-temporal analysis of extreme winter temperatures in Ireland PY  - 2024 ET  - v2 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2412.10796 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.10796 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.10796 ER  - 

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Faculty of Hazards, Disasters and Resilience

Hazards, disasters and resilience lab programme

Hazard, exposure and vulnerability, early warning and anticipatory action, with the decision a warning has to support kept in view.

Lab work it backs
  • Forecast-based trigger design exercises
  • Flood and storm exposure labs
  • After-action review case material
Standards it teaches

Disciplines

Biological and epidemic hazards in disaster risk management · Community resilience and inclusion · Disaster risk reduction · Early warning and anticipatory action · Floods, storms and tropical cyclones · Earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and landslides · Heat, drought and wildfire · Humanitarian action and displacement · Migration and human mobility · Multi-hazard and compound risk assessment · Preparedness, emergency and crisis management · Recovery, reconstruction and loss accounting · Space weather and extraterrestrial hazards · Technological, industrial and Natech hazards

Further reading (open access)

Open-access works chosen by relevance to the programme, with full citations. Metadata only; follow the link for the text.

  1. Glantz, M. H., & Ramírez, I. J. (2025). Enhancing Societal Value of Early Warning Early Action and Anticipatory Action Frameworks Using NOAA’s Oceanic Niño Index. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 16(2), 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-025-00625-6

    doi:10.1007/s13753-025-00625-6Open access · Version of recordCC BY 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Glantz, M. H., & Ramírez, I. J. (2025). Enhancing Societal Value of Early Warning Early Action and Anticipatory Action Frameworks Using NOAA’s Oceanic Niño Index. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 16(2), 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-025-00625-6
    Chicago
    Glantz, Michael H., and Ivan J. Ramírez. 2025. “Enhancing Societal Value of Early Warning Early Action and Anticipatory Action Frameworks Using NOAA’s Oceanic Niño Index.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 16 (2): 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-025-00625-6.
    BibTeX
    @article{glantz2025enhancing, author  = {Glantz, Michael H. and Ramírez, Ivan J.}, title   = {{Enhancing Societal Value of Early Warning Early Action and Anticipatory Action Frameworks Using NOAA’s Oceanic Niño Index}}, journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Science}, year    = {2025}, volume  = {16}, number  = {2}, pages   = {171--181}, doi     = {10.1007/s13753-025-00625-6}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-025-00625-6}, note    = {Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Glantz, Michael H. AU  - Ramírez, Ivan J. TI  - Enhancing Societal Value of Early Warning Early Action and Anticipatory Action Frameworks Using NOAA’s Oceanic Niño Index JO  - International Journal of Disaster Risk Science PY  - 2025 VL  - 16 IS  - 2 SP  - 171 EP  - 181 DO  - 10.1007/s13753-025-00625-6 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-025-00625-6 N1  - Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 L1  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-025-00625-6 ER  - 

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  2. Gumiran, B. A., & Daag, A. (2021). Negotiated participatory action research for multi-stakeholder implementation of early warning systems for landslides. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 58, 102184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102184

    doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102184Open access · Version of recordCC BY 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Gumiran, B. A., & Daag, A. (2021). Negotiated participatory action research for multi-stakeholder implementation of early warning systems for landslides. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 58, 102184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102184
    Chicago
    Gumiran, Brian Anthony, and Arturo Daag. 2021. “Negotiated participatory action research for multi-stakeholder implementation of early warning systems for landslides.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 58: 102184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102184.
    BibTeX
    @article{gumiran2021negotiated, author  = {Gumiran, Brian Anthony and Daag, Arturo}, title   = {{Negotiated participatory action research for multi-stakeholder implementation of early warning systems for landslides}}, journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction}, year    = {2021}, volume  = {58}, pages   = {102184}, doi     = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102184}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102184}, note    = {Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Gumiran, Brian Anthony AU  - Daag, Arturo TI  - Negotiated participatory action research for multi-stakeholder implementation of early warning systems for landslides JO  - International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction PY  - 2021 VL  - 58 SP  - 102184 DO  - 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102184 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102184 N1  - Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102184 ER  - 

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  3. Eze, E., Sabela-Rikhotso, P. T. Z., & Siegmund, A. (2026). Associations Between Early Warning Message Completeness, Reception Mode, and Protective Action Across Four At-Risk Communities in Ethiopia and South Africa. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-026-00774-2

    doi:10.1007/s13753-026-00774-2Open access · Version of recordCC BY 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Eze, E., Sabela-Rikhotso, P. T. Z., & Siegmund, A. (2026). Associations Between Early Warning Message Completeness, Reception Mode, and Protective Action Across Four At-Risk Communities in Ethiopia and South Africa. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-026-00774-2
    Chicago
    Eze, Emmanuel, Phindile Tiyiselani Zanele Sabela-Rikhotso, and Alexander Siegmund. 2026. “Associations Between Early Warning Message Completeness, Reception Mode, and Protective Action Across Four At-Risk Communities in Ethiopia and South Africa.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-026-00774-2.
    BibTeX
    @article{eze2026associations, author  = {Eze, Emmanuel and Sabela-Rikhotso, Phindile Tiyiselani Zanele and Siegmund, Alexander}, title   = {{Associations Between Early Warning Message Completeness, Reception Mode, and Protective Action Across Four At-Risk Communities in Ethiopia and South Africa}}, journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Science}, year    = {2026}, doi     = {10.1007/s13753-026-00774-2}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-026-00774-2}, note    = {Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Eze, Emmanuel AU  - Sabela-Rikhotso, Phindile Tiyiselani Zanele AU  - Siegmund, Alexander TI  - Associations Between Early Warning Message Completeness, Reception Mode, and Protective Action Across Four At-Risk Communities in Ethiopia and South Africa JO  - International Journal of Disaster Risk Science PY  - 2026 DO  - 10.1007/s13753-026-00774-2 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-026-00774-2 N1  - Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 L1  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-026-00774-2 ER  - 

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  4. Ben-Haim, Z., Anisimov, V., Yonas, A., Gulshan, V., Shafi, Y., Hoyer, S., & Nevo, S. (2019). Inundation Modeling in Data Scarce Regions (Version v2) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.05006

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.1910.05006Open access · PreprintVersion v2Metadata: arXiv

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    APA 7
    Ben-Haim, Z., Anisimov, V., Yonas, A., Gulshan, V., Shafi, Y., Hoyer, S., & Nevo, S. (2019). Inundation Modeling in Data Scarce Regions (Version v2) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.05006
    Chicago
    Ben-Haim, Zvika, Vladimir Anisimov, Aaron Yonas, Varun Gulshan, Yusef Shafi, Stephan Hoyer, and Sella Nevo. 2019. Inundation Modeling in Data Scarce Regions. Version v2. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.05006.
    BibTeX
    @misc{benhaim2019inundation, author        = {Ben-Haim, Zvika and Anisimov, Vladimir and Yonas, Aaron and Gulshan, Varun and Shafi, Yusef and Hoyer, Stephan and Nevo, Sella}, title         = {{Inundation Modeling in Data Scarce Regions}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2019}, version       = {v2}, eprint        = {1910.05006}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.1910.05006}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.05006} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - Ben-Haim, Zvika AU  - Anisimov, Vladimir AU  - Yonas, Aaron AU  - Gulshan, Varun AU  - Shafi, Yusef AU  - Hoyer, Stephan AU  - Nevo, Sella TI  - Inundation Modeling in Data Scarce Regions PY  - 2019 ET  - v2 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.1910.05006 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.05006 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.05006 ER  - 

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  5. Pan, X., Mohammadi, N., & Taylor, J. E. (2024). Short-term Streamflow and Flood Forecasting based on Graph Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network and Residual Error Learning (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.04764

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.2412.04764Open access · PreprintVersion v1Metadata: arXiv

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    APA 7
    Pan, X., Mohammadi, N., & Taylor, J. E. (2024). Short-term Streamflow and Flood Forecasting based on Graph Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network and Residual Error Learning (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.04764
    Chicago
    Pan, Xiyu, Neda Mohammadi, and John E. Taylor. 2024. Short-term Streamflow and Flood Forecasting based on Graph Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network and Residual Error Learning. Version v1. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.04764.
    BibTeX
    @misc{pan2024short, author        = {Pan, Xiyu and Mohammadi, Neda and Taylor, John E.}, title         = {{Short-term Streamflow and Flood Forecasting based on Graph Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network and Residual Error Learning}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2024}, version       = {v1}, eprint        = {2412.04764}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.2412.04764}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.04764} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - Pan, Xiyu AU  - Mohammadi, Neda AU  - Taylor, John E. TI  - Short-term Streamflow and Flood Forecasting based on Graph Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network and Residual Error Learning PY  - 2024 ET  - v1 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2412.04764 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2412.04764 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.04764 ER  - 

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Faculty of Infrastructure, Energy and Industry

Infrastructure, energy and industry lab programme

Lifelines and the energy transition: dependency, restoration, adequacy and the failure paths between critical services.

Lab work it backs
  • Grid adequacy and outage exercises
  • Infrastructure dependency mapping
  • Restoration sequencing case studies
Standards it teaches
  • NRS-M10 Markets, trade and supply chains
  • NRS-X4 Trade, transport and supply chains risk
  • NRS-H60 Supply-chain and flow disruption (NHS-1 sys.supply-chain)

Disciplines

Cities, housing and the built environment · Climate and energy technologies · Critical infrastructure and lifelines · Critical minerals, mining and extractives · Energy systems and the energy transition · Energy transition risk and grid integration · Advanced industry, manufacturing and materials · Reliability, safety and resilience engineering · Telecommunications and digital infrastructure · Trade, supply chains and geoeconomics · Transport, ports and logistics · Water and wastewater systems

Further reading (open access)

Open-access works chosen by relevance to the programme, with full citations. Metadata only; follow the link for the text.

  1. Shamsi, N., & Helmrich, A. (2025). Interdependency classification: a framework for infrastructure resilience. Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability, 5(1), 015009. https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/adac89

    doi:10.1088/2634-4505/adac89Open access · Version of recordCC BY 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Shamsi, N., & Helmrich, A. (2025). Interdependency classification: a framework for infrastructure resilience. Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability, 5(1), 015009. https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/adac89
    Chicago
    Shamsi, Negin, and Alysha Helmrich. 2025. “Interdependency classification: a framework for infrastructure resilience.” Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability 5 (1): 015009. https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/adac89.
    BibTeX
    @article{shamsi2025interdependency, author  = {Shamsi, Negin and Helmrich, Alysha}, title   = {{Interdependency classification: a framework for infrastructure resilience}}, journal = {Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability}, year    = {2025}, volume  = {5}, number  = {1}, pages   = {015009}, doi     = {10.1088/2634-4505/adac89}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/adac89}, note    = {Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Shamsi, Negin AU  - Helmrich, Alysha TI  - Interdependency classification: a framework for infrastructure resilience JO  - Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability PY  - 2025 VL  - 5 IS  - 1 SP  - 015009 DO  - 10.1088/2634-4505/adac89 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/adac89 N1  - Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/adac89 ER  - 

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  2. Ampratwum, G., Osei-Kyei, R., & Tam, V. W. Y. (2026). Modelling of critical resilience strategies to build critical infrastructure resilience using public-private partnership. Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2026.2674356

    doi:10.1080/23789689.2026.2674356Open access · Version of recordCC BY 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Ampratwum, G., Osei-Kyei, R., & Tam, V. W. Y. (2026). Modelling of critical resilience strategies to build critical infrastructure resilience using public-private partnership. Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2026.2674356
    Chicago
    Ampratwum, Godslove, Robert Osei-Kyei, and Vivian W. Y. Tam. 2026. “Modelling of critical resilience strategies to build critical infrastructure resilience using public-private partnership.” Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure: 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2026.2674356.
    BibTeX
    @article{ampratwum2026modelling, author  = {Ampratwum, Godslove and Osei-Kyei, Robert and Tam, Vivian W. Y.}, title   = {{Modelling of critical resilience strategies to build critical infrastructure resilience using public-private partnership}}, journal = {Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure}, year    = {2026}, pages   = {1--28}, doi     = {10.1080/23789689.2026.2674356}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2026.2674356}, note    = {Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Ampratwum, Godslove AU  - Osei-Kyei, Robert AU  - Tam, Vivian W. Y. TI  - Modelling of critical resilience strategies to build critical infrastructure resilience using public-private partnership JO  - Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure PY  - 2026 SP  - 1 EP  - 28 DO  - 10.1080/23789689.2026.2674356 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2026.2674356 N1  - Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2026.2674356 ER  - 

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  3. Rueda, D. F., & Calle, E. (2017). Using interdependency matrices to mitigate targeted attacks on interdependent networks: A case study involving a power grid and backbone telecommunications networks. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 16, 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2016.11.004

    doi:10.1016/j.ijcip.2016.11.004Open access · Version of recordCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Rueda, D. F., & Calle, E. (2017). Using interdependency matrices to mitigate targeted attacks on interdependent networks: A case study involving a power grid and backbone telecommunications networks. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 16, 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2016.11.004
    Chicago
    Rueda, Diego F., and Eusebi Calle. 2017. “Using interdependency matrices to mitigate targeted attacks on interdependent networks: A case study involving a power grid and backbone telecommunications networks.” International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection 16: 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2016.11.004.
    BibTeX
    @article{rueda2017using, author  = {Rueda, Diego F. and Calle, Eusebi}, title   = {{Using interdependency matrices to mitigate targeted attacks on interdependent networks: A case study involving a power grid and backbone telecommunications networks}}, journal = {International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection}, year    = {2017}, volume  = {16}, pages   = {3--12}, doi     = {10.1016/j.ijcip.2016.11.004}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2016.11.004}, note    = {Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Rueda, Diego F. AU  - Calle, Eusebi TI  - Using interdependency matrices to mitigate targeted attacks on interdependent networks: A case study involving a power grid and backbone telecommunications networks JO  - International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection PY  - 2017 VL  - 16 SP  - 3 EP  - 12 DO  - 10.1016/j.ijcip.2016.11.004 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2016.11.004 N1  - Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2016.11.004 ER  - 

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  4. Zhu, Q., & Basar, T. (2024). Disentangling Resilience from Robustness: Contextual Dualism, Interactionism, and Game-Theoretic Paradigms (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.06299

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.2403.06299Open access · PreprintVersion v1Metadata: arXiv

    Cite this
    APA 7
    Zhu, Q., & Basar, T. (2024). Disentangling Resilience from Robustness: Contextual Dualism, Interactionism, and Game-Theoretic Paradigms (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.06299
    Chicago
    Zhu, Quanyan, and Tamer Basar. 2024. Disentangling Resilience from Robustness: Contextual Dualism, Interactionism, and Game-Theoretic Paradigms. Version v1. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.06299.
    BibTeX
    @misc{zhu2024disentangling, author        = {Zhu, Quanyan and Basar, Tamer}, title         = {{Disentangling Resilience from Robustness: Contextual Dualism, Interactionism, and Game-Theoretic Paradigms}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2024}, version       = {v1}, eprint        = {2403.06299}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.2403.06299}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.06299} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - Zhu, Quanyan AU  - Basar, Tamer TI  - Disentangling Resilience from Robustness: Contextual Dualism, Interactionism, and Game-Theoretic Paradigms PY  - 2024 ET  - v1 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2403.06299 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.06299 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.06299 ER  - 

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  5. Leštáková, M., Logan, K. T., Rehm, I.-S., Pelz, P. F., & Friesen, J. (2023). Do Resilience Metrics of Water Distribution Systems Really Assess Resilience? A Critical Review (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2306.13113

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.2306.13113Open access · PreprintVersion v1Metadata: arXiv

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    APA 7
    Leštáková, M., Logan, K. T., Rehm, I.-S., Pelz, P. F., & Friesen, J. (2023). Do Resilience Metrics of Water Distribution Systems Really Assess Resilience? A Critical Review (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2306.13113
    Chicago
    Leštáková, Michaela, Kevin Tiernan Logan, Imke-Sophie Rehm, Peter F. Pelz, and John Friesen. 2023. Do Resilience Metrics of Water Distribution Systems Really Assess Resilience? A Critical Review. Version v1. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2306.13113.
    BibTeX
    @misc{lestakova2023do, author        = {Leštáková, Michaela and Logan, Kevin Tiernan and Rehm, Imke-Sophie and Pelz, Peter F. and Friesen, John}, title         = {{Do Resilience Metrics of Water Distribution Systems Really Assess Resilience? A Critical Review}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2023}, version       = {v1}, eprint        = {2306.13113}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.2306.13113}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2306.13113} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - Leštáková, Michaela AU  - Logan, Kevin Tiernan AU  - Rehm, Imke-Sophie AU  - Pelz, Peter F. AU  - Friesen, John TI  - Do Resilience Metrics of Water Distribution Systems Really Assess Resilience? A Critical Review PY  - 2023 ET  - v1 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2306.13113 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2306.13113 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.13113 ER  - 

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Faculty of Technology and Digital Systems

Technology and digital systems lab programme

AI, cyber and digital public infrastructure as sources of risk and as tools for risk work, with evaluation and assurance built in.

Lab work it backs
  • AI evaluation and red-team protocols
  • Cyber resilience tabletop material
  • Data governance exercises
Standards it teaches
  • NRS-M19 Cyber, AI and frontier technology
  • NRS-T13 Data and digital public infrastructure risk
  • NRS-A9 Evaluation suites for AI in risk work

Disciplines

AI assurance and audit · AI safety and evaluation · Artificial intelligence and machine learning · Cybersecurity and digital resilience · Data infrastructure, compute and semiconductors · Digital public infrastructure and digital identity · Operational technology and cyber-physical security · Positioning, navigation and timing resilience · Quantum technologies · Robotics and autonomous systems · Space systems, space weather and navigation

Further reading (open access)

Open-access works chosen by relevance to the programme, with full citations. Metadata only; follow the link for the text.

  1. Godlove, T., & Buchanan, J. (2026). From Model Risk Management to AI Assurance: Integrating AI Risk Management, Independent Validation, and AI Auditing for Generative and Agentic AI. Transactions on Engineering and Computing Sciences, 14(05), 19–62. https://doi.org/10.14738/tecs.1405.12205

    doi:10.14738/tecs.1405.12205Open access · Version of recordCC BY 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Godlove, T., & Buchanan, J. (2026). From Model Risk Management to AI Assurance: Integrating AI Risk Management, Independent Validation, and AI Auditing for Generative and Agentic AI. Transactions on Engineering and Computing Sciences, 14(05), 19–62. https://doi.org/10.14738/tecs.1405.12205
    Chicago
    Godlove, Timothy, and John Buchanan. 2026. “From Model Risk Management to AI Assurance: Integrating AI Risk Management, Independent Validation, and AI Auditing for Generative and Agentic AI.” Transactions on Engineering and Computing Sciences 14 (05): 19–62. https://doi.org/10.14738/tecs.1405.12205.
    BibTeX
    @article{godlove2026from, author  = {Godlove, Timothy and Buchanan, John}, title   = {{From Model Risk Management to AI Assurance: Integrating AI Risk Management, Independent Validation, and AI Auditing for Generative and Agentic AI}}, journal = {Transactions on Engineering and Computing Sciences}, year    = {2026}, volume  = {14}, number  = {05}, pages   = {19--62}, doi     = {10.14738/tecs.1405.12205}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.14738/tecs.1405.12205}, note    = {Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Godlove, Timothy AU  - Buchanan, John TI  - From Model Risk Management to AI Assurance: Integrating AI Risk Management, Independent Validation, and AI Auditing for Generative and Agentic AI JO  - Transactions on Engineering and Computing Sciences PY  - 2026 VL  - 14 IS  - 05 SP  - 19 EP  - 62 DO  - 10.14738/tecs.1405.12205 UR  - https://doi.org/10.14738/tecs.1405.12205 N1  - Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.14738/tecs.1405.12205 ER  - 

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  2. Sharma, A. (2026). Proxy-Based Evaluation and the Limits of Assurance in AI Governance. ACM AI Letters, 1(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1145/3828672

    doi:10.1145/3828672Open access · Version of recordCC BY 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Sharma, A. (2026). Proxy-Based Evaluation and the Limits of Assurance in AI Governance. ACM AI Letters, 1(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1145/3828672
    Chicago
    Sharma, Aman. 2026. “Proxy-Based Evaluation and the Limits of Assurance in AI Governance.” ACM AI Letters 1 (3): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1145/3828672.
    BibTeX
    @article{sharma2026proxy, author  = {Sharma, Aman}, title   = {{Proxy-Based Evaluation and the Limits of Assurance in AI Governance}}, journal = {ACM AI Letters}, year    = {2026}, volume  = {1}, number  = {3}, pages   = {1--8}, doi     = {10.1145/3828672}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3828672}, note    = {Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Sharma, Aman TI  - Proxy-Based Evaluation and the Limits of Assurance in AI Governance JO  - ACM AI Letters PY  - 2026 VL  - 1 IS  - 3 SP  - 1 EP  - 8 DO  - 10.1145/3828672 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1145/3828672 N1  - Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode L1  - https://doi.org/10.1145/3828672 ER  - 

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  3. Muhammad, A. E., & Yow, K.-C. (2026). Risk-Based AI Assurance Framework. Information, 17(3), 263. https://doi.org/10.3390/info17030263

    doi:10.3390/info17030263Open access · Version of recordCC BY 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Muhammad, A. E., & Yow, K.-C. (2026). Risk-Based AI Assurance Framework. Information, 17(3), 263. https://doi.org/10.3390/info17030263
    Chicago
    Muhammad, Aoun E., and Kin-Choong Yow. 2026. “Risk-Based AI Assurance Framework.” Information 17 (3): 263. https://doi.org/10.3390/info17030263.
    BibTeX
    @article{muhammad2026risk, author  = {Muhammad, Aoun E. and Yow, Kin-Choong}, title   = {{Risk-Based AI Assurance Framework}}, journal = {Information}, year    = {2026}, volume  = {17}, number  = {3}, pages   = {263}, doi     = {10.3390/info17030263}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.3390/info17030263}, note    = {Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Muhammad, Aoun E. AU  - Yow, Kin-Choong TI  - Risk-Based AI Assurance Framework JO  - Information PY  - 2026 VL  - 17 IS  - 3 SP  - 263 DO  - 10.3390/info17030263 UR  - https://doi.org/10.3390/info17030263 N1  - Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.3390/info17030263 ER  - 

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  4. Tan, S., Taeihagh, A., & Baxter, K. (2022). The Risks of Machine Learning Systems (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2204.09852

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.2204.09852Open access · PreprintVersion v1Metadata: arXiv

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    APA 7
    Tan, S., Taeihagh, A., & Baxter, K. (2022). The Risks of Machine Learning Systems (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2204.09852
    Chicago
    Tan, Samson, Araz Taeihagh, and Kathy Baxter. 2022. The Risks of Machine Learning Systems. Version v1. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2204.09852.
    BibTeX
    @misc{tan2022risks, author        = {Tan, Samson and Taeihagh, Araz and Baxter, Kathy}, title         = {{The Risks of Machine Learning Systems}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2022}, version       = {v1}, eprint        = {2204.09852}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.2204.09852}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2204.09852} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - Tan, Samson AU  - Taeihagh, Araz AU  - Baxter, Kathy TI  - The Risks of Machine Learning Systems PY  - 2022 ET  - v1 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2204.09852 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2204.09852 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.09852 ER  - 

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  5. Winfield, A. F. T., & Winkle, K. (2020). RoboTed: a case study in Ethical Risk Assessment (Version v2) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2007.15864

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.2007.15864Open access · PreprintVersion v2Metadata: arXiv

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    APA 7
    Winfield, A. F. T., & Winkle, K. (2020). RoboTed: a case study in Ethical Risk Assessment (Version v2) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2007.15864
    Chicago
    Winfield, Alan F. T., and Katie Winkle. 2020. RoboTed: a case study in Ethical Risk Assessment. Version v2. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2007.15864.
    BibTeX
    @misc{winfield2020roboted, author        = {Winfield, Alan F. T. and Winkle, Katie}, title         = {{RoboTed: a case study in Ethical Risk Assessment}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2020}, version       = {v2}, eprint        = {2007.15864}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.2007.15864}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2007.15864} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - Winfield, Alan F. T. AU  - Winkle, Katie TI  - RoboTed: a case study in Ethical Risk Assessment PY  - 2020 ET  - v2 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2007.15864 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2007.15864 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.15864 ER  - 

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Faculty of Health and Society

Health and society lab programme

Epidemic, climate-health and social risk, read through the people and services that carry it, with inequality kept visible.

Lab work it backs
  • Epidemic model exercises on open case data
  • Heat-health vulnerability labs
  • Health-system continuity case studies
Standards it teaches
  • NRS-D4 Work, skills and livelihoods risk
  • NRS-H115 Labour and technology transition (NHS-1 soc.labour-transition)
  • NRS-M16 Health and epidemiology

Disciplines

Biotechnology, biosecurity and neurotechnology · Climate and health · Epidemic modelling and forecasting · Health systems and health care resilience · Human development, poverty and inequality · Just transition, social and human rights risk · Mental health and psychosocial risk · One Health, zoonoses and antimicrobial resistance · Pollution and environmental health · Public health emergencies and epidemics · Work, skills and occupational safety

Further reading (open access)

Open-access works chosen by relevance to the programme, with full citations. Metadata only; follow the link for the text.

  1. Yousuf, A., & Bartz, D. (2026). A mental health lens on LGBTQ+ climate disaster vulnerability. The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 32, 100748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2026.100748

    doi:10.1016/j.joclim.2026.100748Open access · Version of recordCC BY 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Yousuf, A., & Bartz, D. (2026). A mental health lens on LGBTQ+ climate disaster vulnerability. The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 32, 100748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2026.100748
    Chicago
    Yousuf, Aroub, and Deborah Bartz. 2026. “A mental health lens on LGBTQ+ climate disaster vulnerability.” The Journal of Climate Change and Health 32: 100748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2026.100748.
    BibTeX
    @article{yousuf2026mental, author  = {Yousuf, Aroub and Bartz, Deborah}, title   = {{A mental health lens on LGBTQ+ climate disaster vulnerability}}, journal = {The Journal of Climate Change and Health}, year    = {2026}, volume  = {32}, pages   = {100748}, doi     = {10.1016/j.joclim.2026.100748}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2026.100748}, note    = {Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Yousuf, Aroub AU  - Bartz, Deborah TI  - A mental health lens on LGBTQ+ climate disaster vulnerability JO  - The Journal of Climate Change and Health PY  - 2026 VL  - 32 SP  - 100748 DO  - 10.1016/j.joclim.2026.100748 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2026.100748 N1  - Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2026.100748 ER  - 

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  2. Ren, D., Zheng, J., & Newman, G. (2026). A Data-Integrity Audit of Spatial Associations Among Surface Temperature, Health Vulnerability, and Social Vulnerability in Houston, Texas. Climate, 14(10), 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14100219

    doi:10.3390/cli14100219Open access · Version of recordCC BY 4.0Metadata: Crossref

    Cite this
    APA 7
    Ren, D., Zheng, J., & Newman, G. (2026). A Data-Integrity Audit of Spatial Associations Among Surface Temperature, Health Vulnerability, and Social Vulnerability in Houston, Texas. Climate, 14(10), 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14100219
    Chicago
    Ren, Dingding, Jiang Zheng, and Galen Newman. 2026. “A Data-Integrity Audit of Spatial Associations Among Surface Temperature, Health Vulnerability, and Social Vulnerability in Houston, Texas.” Climate 14 (10): 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14100219.
    BibTeX
    @article{ren2026data, author  = {Ren, Dingding and Zheng, Jiang and Newman, Galen}, title   = {{A Data-Integrity Audit of Spatial Associations Among Surface Temperature, Health Vulnerability, and Social Vulnerability in Houston, Texas}}, journal = {Climate}, year    = {2026}, volume  = {14}, number  = {10}, pages   = {219}, doi     = {10.3390/cli14100219}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14100219}, note    = {Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Ren, Dingding AU  - Zheng, Jiang AU  - Newman, Galen TI  - A Data-Integrity Audit of Spatial Associations Among Surface Temperature, Health Vulnerability, and Social Vulnerability in Houston, Texas JO  - Climate PY  - 2026 VL  - 14 IS  - 10 SP  - 219 DO  - 10.3390/cli14100219 UR  - https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14100219 N1  - Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14100219 ER  - 

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  3. Pradyumna, A., & Sankam, J. (2022). Tools and methods for assessing health vulnerability and adaptation to climate change: A scoping review. The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 8, 100153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100153

    doi:10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100153Open access · Version of recordCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Pradyumna, A., & Sankam, J. (2022). Tools and methods for assessing health vulnerability and adaptation to climate change: A scoping review. The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 8, 100153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100153
    Chicago
    Pradyumna, Adithya, and Joshitha Sankam. 2022. “Tools and methods for assessing health vulnerability and adaptation to climate change: A scoping review.” The Journal of Climate Change and Health 8: 100153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100153.
    BibTeX
    @article{pradyumna2022tools, author  = {Pradyumna, Adithya and Sankam, Joshitha}, title   = {{Tools and methods for assessing health vulnerability and adaptation to climate change: A scoping review}}, journal = {The Journal of Climate Change and Health}, year    = {2022}, volume  = {8}, pages   = {100153}, doi     = {10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100153}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100153}, note    = {Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Pradyumna, Adithya AU  - Sankam, Joshitha TI  - Tools and methods for assessing health vulnerability and adaptation to climate change: A scoping review JO  - The Journal of Climate Change and Health PY  - 2022 VL  - 8 SP  - 100153 DO  - 10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100153 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100153 N1  - Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100153 ER  - 

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  4. Xu, W.-J., Zhong, C.-Y., Ye, H.-F., Chen, R.-D., Qiu, T., Ren, F., & Zhong, L.-X. (2020). Coupled effects of epidemic information and risk awareness on contagion (Version v2) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.05327

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.2009.05327Open access · PreprintVersion v2Metadata: arXiv

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    APA 7
    Xu, W.-J., Zhong, C.-Y., Ye, H.-F., Chen, R.-D., Qiu, T., Ren, F., & Zhong, L.-X. (2020). Coupled effects of epidemic information and risk awareness on contagion (Version v2) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.05327
    Chicago
    Xu, Wen-Juan, Chen-Yang Zhong, Hui-Fen Ye, Rong-Da Chen, Tian Qiu, Fei Ren, and Li-Xin Zhong. 2020. Coupled effects of epidemic information and risk awareness on contagion. Version v2. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.05327.
    BibTeX
    @misc{xu2020coupled, author        = {Xu, Wen-Juan and Zhong, Chen-Yang and Ye, Hui-Fen and Chen, Rong-Da and Qiu, Tian and Ren, Fei and Zhong, Li-Xin}, title         = {{Coupled effects of epidemic information and risk awareness on contagion}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2020}, version       = {v2}, eprint        = {2009.05327}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.2009.05327}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.05327} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - Xu, Wen-Juan AU  - Zhong, Chen-Yang AU  - Ye, Hui-Fen AU  - Chen, Rong-Da AU  - Qiu, Tian AU  - Ren, Fei AU  - Zhong, Li-Xin TI  - Coupled effects of epidemic information and risk awareness on contagion PY  - 2020 ET  - v2 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2009.05327 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2009.05327 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.05327 ER  - 

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  5. MA, L., Mieghem, P. V., & Kitsak, M. (2023). Reporting delays: a widely neglected impact factor in COVID-19 forecasts (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2304.11863

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.2304.11863Open access · PreprintVersion v1Metadata: arXiv

    Cite this
    APA 7
    MA, L., Mieghem, P. V., & Kitsak, M. (2023). Reporting delays: a widely neglected impact factor in COVID-19 forecasts (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2304.11863
    Chicago
    MA, Long, Piet Van Mieghem, and Maksim Kitsak. 2023. Reporting delays: a widely neglected impact factor in COVID-19 forecasts. Version v1. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2304.11863.
    BibTeX
    @misc{ma2023reporting, author        = {MA, Long and Mieghem, Piet Van and Kitsak, Maksim}, title         = {{Reporting delays: a widely neglected impact factor in COVID-19 forecasts}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2023}, version       = {v1}, eprint        = {2304.11863}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.2304.11863}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2304.11863} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - MA, Long AU  - Mieghem, Piet Van AU  - Kitsak, Maksim TI  - Reporting delays: a widely neglected impact factor in COVID-19 forecasts PY  - 2023 ET  - v1 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2304.11863 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2304.11863 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.11863 ER  - 

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Faculty of Finance and Economics

Finance and economics lab programme

Risk evidence translated into the questions finance, insurance and public budgets ask, with the limits of the evidence stated.

Lab work it backs
  • Catastrophe loss and protection-gap exercises
  • Climate stress-test teaching cases
  • Disaster risk finance design labs
Standards it teaches
  • NRS-M8 Financial risk
  • NRS-D1 Risk-informed development and project screening
  • NRS-F1 Financial stability and systemic financial risk

Disciplines

Actuarial science · Asset management, private markets and institutional investors · Banking and credit risk · Climate and nature financial risk · Development finance · Disaster risk finance · Economic development and macroeconomic shocks · Financial crime and fraud · Financial regulation and supervision · Financial stability and systemic financial risk · Insurance, reinsurance and protection gaps · Macroeconomics of climate and disasters · Market, liquidity and treasury risk · Nature and biodiversity finance · Operational resilience and ICT risk in finance · Payments, market infrastructure and fintech · Public finance and sovereign debt

Further reading (open access)

Open-access works chosen by relevance to the programme, with full citations. Metadata only; follow the link for the text.

  1. Elliot-Kerr, S., Marshall, E., Penman, T., & Plumanns-Pouton, E. (2025). Future wildfires increase the risk of the residential insurance gap. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 130, 105814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105814

    doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105814Open access · Version of recordCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Elliot-Kerr, S., Marshall, E., Penman, T., & Plumanns-Pouton, E. (2025). Future wildfires increase the risk of the residential insurance gap. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 130, 105814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105814
    Chicago
    Elliot-Kerr, Shona, Erica Marshall, Trent Penman, and Ella Plumanns-Pouton. 2025. “Future wildfires increase the risk of the residential insurance gap.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 130: 105814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105814.
    BibTeX
    @article{elliotkerr2025future, author  = {Elliot-Kerr, Shona and Marshall, Erica and Penman, Trent and Plumanns-Pouton, Ella}, title   = {{Future wildfires increase the risk of the residential insurance gap}}, journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction}, year    = {2025}, volume  = {130}, pages   = {105814}, doi     = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105814}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105814}, note    = {Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Elliot-Kerr, Shona AU  - Marshall, Erica AU  - Penman, Trent AU  - Plumanns-Pouton, Ella TI  - Future wildfires increase the risk of the residential insurance gap JO  - International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction PY  - 2025 VL  - 130 SP  - 105814 DO  - 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105814 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105814 N1  - Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105814 ER  - 

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  2. Bellia, M., Di Girolamo, E. F., Pagano, A., & Giudici, M. P. (2025). The flood protection gap: Evidence for public finances and insurance premiums. Risk Management and Insurance Review, 28(1), 34–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/rmir.70001

    doi:10.1111/rmir.70001Open access · Version of recordCC BY 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Bellia, M., Di Girolamo, E. F., Pagano, A., & Giudici, M. P. (2025). The flood protection gap: Evidence for public finances and insurance premiums. Risk Management and Insurance Review, 28(1), 34–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/rmir.70001
    Chicago
    Bellia, Mario, Erica Francesca Di Girolamo, Andrea Pagano, and Marco Petracco Giudici. 2025. “The flood protection gap: Evidence for public finances and insurance premiums.” Risk Management and Insurance Review 28 (1): 34–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/rmir.70001.
    BibTeX
    @article{bellia2025flood, author  = {Bellia, Mario and Di Girolamo, Erica Francesca and Pagano, Andrea and Giudici, Marco Petracco}, title   = {{The flood protection gap: Evidence for public finances and insurance premiums}}, journal = {Risk Management and Insurance Review}, year    = {2025}, volume  = {28}, number  = {1}, pages   = {34--66}, doi     = {10.1111/rmir.70001}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1111/rmir.70001}, note    = {Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Bellia, Mario AU  - Di Girolamo, Erica Francesca AU  - Pagano, Andrea AU  - Giudici, Marco Petracco TI  - The flood protection gap: Evidence for public finances and insurance premiums JO  - Risk Management and Insurance Review PY  - 2025 VL  - 28 IS  - 1 SP  - 34 EP  - 66 DO  - 10.1111/rmir.70001 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1111/rmir.70001 N1  - Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.1111/rmir.70001 ER  - 

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  3. Pleterski, N. (2025). Parametric Insurance for Sustainable Disaster Risk Finance: Legal, Data, and Governance Pathways in Slovenia and Croatia. Sustainability, 17(21), 9643. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219643

    doi:10.3390/su17219643Open access · Version of recordCC BY 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Pleterski, N. (2025). Parametric Insurance for Sustainable Disaster Risk Finance: Legal, Data, and Governance Pathways in Slovenia and Croatia. Sustainability, 17(21), 9643. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219643
    Chicago
    Pleterski, Nina. 2025. “Parametric Insurance for Sustainable Disaster Risk Finance: Legal, Data, and Governance Pathways in Slovenia and Croatia.” Sustainability 17 (21): 9643. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219643.
    BibTeX
    @article{pleterski2025parametric, author  = {Pleterski, Nina}, title   = {{Parametric Insurance for Sustainable Disaster Risk Finance: Legal, Data, and Governance Pathways in Slovenia and Croatia}}, journal = {Sustainability}, year    = {2025}, volume  = {17}, number  = {21}, pages   = {9643}, doi     = {10.3390/su17219643}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219643}, note    = {Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Pleterski, Nina TI  - Parametric Insurance for Sustainable Disaster Risk Finance: Legal, Data, and Governance Pathways in Slovenia and Croatia JO  - Sustainability PY  - 2025 VL  - 17 IS  - 21 SP  - 9643 DO  - 10.3390/su17219643 UR  - https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219643 N1  - Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219643 ER  - 

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  4. Gaudemet, J.-B., Deschamps, J., & Vinciguerra, O. (2022). A Stochastic Climate Model -- An approach to calibrate the Climate-Extended Risk Model (CERM) (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.02581

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.2205.02581Open access · PreprintVersion v1Metadata: arXiv

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    APA 7
    Gaudemet, J.-B., Deschamps, J., & Vinciguerra, O. (2022). A Stochastic Climate Model -- An approach to calibrate the Climate-Extended Risk Model (CERM) (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.02581
    Chicago
    Gaudemet, Jean-Baptiste, Jules Deschamps, and Olivier Vinciguerra. 2022. A Stochastic Climate Model -- An approach to calibrate the Climate-Extended Risk Model (CERM). Version v1. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.02581.
    BibTeX
    @misc{gaudemet2022stochastic, author        = {Gaudemet, Jean-Baptiste and Deschamps, Jules and Vinciguerra, Olivier}, title         = {{A Stochastic Climate Model -- An approach to calibrate the Climate-Extended Risk Model (CERM)}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2022}, version       = {v1}, eprint        = {2205.02581}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.2205.02581}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.02581} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - Gaudemet, Jean-Baptiste AU  - Deschamps, Jules AU  - Vinciguerra, Olivier TI  - A Stochastic Climate Model -- An approach to calibrate the Climate-Extended Risk Model (CERM) PY  - 2022 ET  - v1 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2205.02581 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2205.02581 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.02581 ER  - 

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  5. Azzone, M., Bechi, C., & Sbaiz, G. (2026). Temperature Anomalies and Climate Physical Risk in Portfolio Construction (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.11143

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.11143Open access · PreprintVersion v1Metadata: arXiv

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    APA 7
    Azzone, M., Bechi, C., & Sbaiz, G. (2026). Temperature Anomalies and Climate Physical Risk in Portfolio Construction (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.11143
    Chicago
    Azzone, Michele, Carlo Bechi, and Gabriele Sbaiz. 2026. Temperature Anomalies and Climate Physical Risk in Portfolio Construction. Version v1. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.11143.
    BibTeX
    @misc{azzone2026temperature, author        = {Azzone, Michele and Bechi, Carlo and Sbaiz, Gabriele}, title         = {{Temperature Anomalies and Climate Physical Risk in Portfolio Construction}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2026}, version       = {v1}, eprint        = {2604.11143}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.2604.11143}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.11143} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - Azzone, Michele AU  - Bechi, Carlo AU  - Sbaiz, Gabriele TI  - Temperature Anomalies and Climate Physical Risk in Portfolio Construction PY  - 2026 ET  - v1 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2604.11143 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.11143 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.11143 ER  - 

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Faculty of Governance, Policy and International Affairs

Governance, policy and international affairs lab programme

How institutions decide under uncertainty: risk governance, regulation, capacity development and international cooperation.

Lab work it backs
  • Policy options appraisal exercises
  • Risk governance case studies
  • Simulation material for decision rooms
Standards it teaches
  • NRS-M12 Policy, regulation and governance
  • NRS-H111 Geopolitical confrontation and strategic weapons (NHS-1 soc.geopolitical)
  • NRS-H112 Governance and institutional failure (NHS-1 soc.governance)

Disciplines

AI and digital governance · Capacity development and technical assistance · Climate and nature governance · Compliance and regulatory change · Conflict, fragility and security · Contracts, intellectual property and licensing · Diplomacy, cooperation and the global commons · Foresight and futures · Geopolitical and political risk · Global health governance · Information integrity and public trust · Innovation and frontier technology governance · Intergenerational governance and future generations · Risk-informed public policy · Research, evidence and the science-policy interface · Risk governance and institutions · Security, defence and hybrid threats · Technology security: dual-use, export controls and compute governance

Further reading (open access)

Open-access works chosen by relevance to the programme, with full citations. Metadata only; follow the link for the text.

  1. Dewulf, A., & Biesbroek, R. (2018). Nine lives of uncertainty in decision-making: strategies for dealing with uncertainty in environmental governance. Policy and Society, 37(4), 441–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2018.1504484

    doi:10.1080/14494035.2018.1504484Open access · Version of recordCC BY-NC 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Dewulf, A., & Biesbroek, R. (2018). Nine lives of uncertainty in decision-making: strategies for dealing with uncertainty in environmental governance. Policy and Society, 37(4), 441–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2018.1504484
    Chicago
    Dewulf, Art, and Robbert Biesbroek. 2018. “Nine lives of uncertainty in decision-making: strategies for dealing with uncertainty in environmental governance.” Policy and Society 37 (4): 441–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2018.1504484.
    BibTeX
    @article{dewulf2018nine, author  = {Dewulf, Art and Biesbroek, Robbert}, title   = {{Nine lives of uncertainty in decision-making: strategies for dealing with uncertainty in environmental governance}}, journal = {Policy and Society}, year    = {2018}, volume  = {37}, number  = {4}, pages   = {441--458}, doi     = {10.1080/14494035.2018.1504484}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2018.1504484}, note    = {Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Dewulf, Art AU  - Biesbroek, Robbert TI  - Nine lives of uncertainty in decision-making: strategies for dealing with uncertainty in environmental governance JO  - Policy and Society PY  - 2018 VL  - 37 IS  - 4 SP  - 441 EP  - 458 DO  - 10.1080/14494035.2018.1504484 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2018.1504484 N1  - Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2018.1504484 ER  - 

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  2. Hadjisotiriou, S., Marchau, V., Walker, W., & Rikkert, M. O. (2023). Decision making under deep uncertainty for pandemic policy planning. Health Policy, 133, 104831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104831

    doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104831Open access · Version of recordCC BY 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Hadjisotiriou, S., Marchau, V., Walker, W., & Rikkert, M. O. (2023). Decision making under deep uncertainty for pandemic policy planning. Health Policy, 133, 104831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104831
    Chicago
    Hadjisotiriou, Sophie, Vincent Marchau, Warren Walker, and Marcel Olde Rikkert. 2023. “Decision making under deep uncertainty for pandemic policy planning.” Health Policy 133: 104831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104831.
    BibTeX
    @article{hadjisotiriou2023decision, author  = {Hadjisotiriou, Sophie and Marchau, Vincent and Walker, Warren and Rikkert, Marcel Olde}, title   = {{Decision making under deep uncertainty for pandemic policy planning}}, journal = {Health Policy}, year    = {2023}, volume  = {133}, pages   = {104831}, doi     = {10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104831}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104831}, note    = {Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Hadjisotiriou, Sophie AU  - Marchau, Vincent AU  - Walker, Warren AU  - Rikkert, Marcel Olde TI  - Decision making under deep uncertainty for pandemic policy planning JO  - Health Policy PY  - 2023 VL  - 133 SP  - 104831 DO  - 10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104831 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104831 N1  - Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2023.104831 ER  - 

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  3. Aymanns, C., Caccioli, F., Farmer, J. D., & Tan, V. W. C. (2015). Taming the Basel Leverage Cycle (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1507.04136

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.1507.04136Open access · PreprintVersion v1Metadata: arXiv

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    APA 7
    Aymanns, C., Caccioli, F., Farmer, J. D., & Tan, V. W. C. (2015). Taming the Basel Leverage Cycle (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1507.04136
    Chicago
    Aymanns, Christoph, Fabio Caccioli, J. Doyne Farmer, and Vincent W. C. Tan. 2015. Taming the Basel Leverage Cycle. Version v1. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1507.04136.
    BibTeX
    @misc{aymanns2015taming, author        = {Aymanns, Christoph and Caccioli, Fabio and Farmer, J. Doyne and Tan, Vincent W. C.}, title         = {{Taming the Basel Leverage Cycle}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2015}, version       = {v1}, eprint        = {1507.04136}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.1507.04136}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1507.04136} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - Aymanns, Christoph AU  - Caccioli, Fabio AU  - Farmer, J. Doyne AU  - Tan, Vincent W. C. TI  - Taming the Basel Leverage Cycle PY  - 2015 ET  - v1 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.1507.04136 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1507.04136 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.04136 ER  - 

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  4. Zhang, C., Shi, P., & Ward, A. (2026). The Dynamic and Endogenous Behavior of Re-Offense Risk: An Agent-Based Simulation Study of Treatment Allocation in Incarceration Diversion Programs (Version v2) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.12441

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.2601.12441Open access · PreprintVersion v2Metadata: arXiv

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    APA 7
    Zhang, C., Shi, P., & Ward, A. (2026). The Dynamic and Endogenous Behavior of Re-Offense Risk: An Agent-Based Simulation Study of Treatment Allocation in Incarceration Diversion Programs (Version v2) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.12441
    Chicago
    Zhang, Chuwen, Pengyi Shi, and Amy Ward. 2026. The Dynamic and Endogenous Behavior of Re-Offense Risk: An Agent-Based Simulation Study of Treatment Allocation in Incarceration Diversion Programs. Version v2. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.12441.
    BibTeX
    @misc{zhang2026dynamic, author        = {Zhang, Chuwen and Shi, Pengyi and Ward, Amy}, title         = {{The Dynamic and Endogenous Behavior of Re-Offense Risk: An Agent-Based Simulation Study of Treatment Allocation in Incarceration Diversion Programs}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2026}, version       = {v2}, eprint        = {2601.12441}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.2601.12441}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.12441} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - Zhang, Chuwen AU  - Shi, Pengyi AU  - Ward, Amy TI  - The Dynamic and Endogenous Behavior of Re-Offense Risk: An Agent-Based Simulation Study of Treatment Allocation in Incarceration Diversion Programs PY  - 2026 ET  - v2 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2601.12441 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2601.12441 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.12441 ER  - 

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Faculty of Risk Science and Methods

Risk science and methods lab programme

Methods that make a risk estimate defensible: probability, uncertainty, expert judgement, model validation and the evidence trail behind each figure.

Lab work it backs
  • Model validation and back-testing exercises
  • Uncertainty quantification on open data
  • Structured expert elicitation protocols
Standards it teaches
  • NRS-P11 Reputational, trust and stakeholder risk
  • NRS-C8 Evidence, uncertainty and provenance
  • NRS-C9 Risk models, methods and validation

Disciplines

AI and machine learning for risk analysis · Assurance, internal control and risk culture · Catastrophe, exposure and vulnerability modelling · Enterprise risk management and risk frameworks · Expert judgement and elicitation · Geospatial analysis, Earth observation and GeoAI · Risk indicators and composite indices · Model risk and validation · Operational risk and business continuity · Probabilistic forecasting and verification · Quantitative risk analysis and statistics · Risk communication and risk literacy · Risk data governance, provenance and licensing · Risk information standards and interoperability · Risk perception and behavioural science · Scenario analysis and stress testing · Uncertainty and decision making

Further reading (open access)

Open-access works chosen by relevance to the programme, with full citations. Metadata only; follow the link for the text.

  1. Rambauli, M., Ravele, T., & Sigauke, C. (2026). Application of Explainable AI and Uncertainty Quantification in Credit Risk Assessment. Risks, 14(7), 152. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks14070152

    doi:10.3390/risks14070152Open access · Version of recordCC BY 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Rambauli, M., Ravele, T., & Sigauke, C. (2026). Application of Explainable AI and Uncertainty Quantification in Credit Risk Assessment. Risks, 14(7), 152. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks14070152
    Chicago
    Rambauli, Mulavhelesi, Thakhani Ravele, and Caston Sigauke. 2026. “Application of Explainable AI and Uncertainty Quantification in Credit Risk Assessment.” Risks 14 (7): 152. https://doi.org/10.3390/risks14070152.
    BibTeX
    @article{rambauli2026application, author  = {Rambauli, Mulavhelesi and Ravele, Thakhani and Sigauke, Caston}, title   = {{Application of Explainable AI and Uncertainty Quantification in Credit Risk Assessment}}, journal = {Risks}, year    = {2026}, volume  = {14}, number  = {7}, pages   = {152}, doi     = {10.3390/risks14070152}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.3390/risks14070152}, note    = {Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Rambauli, Mulavhelesi AU  - Ravele, Thakhani AU  - Sigauke, Caston TI  - Application of Explainable AI and Uncertainty Quantification in Credit Risk Assessment JO  - Risks PY  - 2026 VL  - 14 IS  - 7 SP  - 152 DO  - 10.3390/risks14070152 UR  - https://doi.org/10.3390/risks14070152 N1  - Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.3390/risks14070152 ER  - 

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  2. Yildiz, A., Zhao, H., & Kowalski, J. (2023). Computationally-feasible uncertainty quantification in model-based landslide risk assessment. Frontiers in Earth Science, 10, Article 1032438. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.1032438

    doi:10.3389/feart.2022.1032438Open access · Version of recordCC BY 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Yildiz, A., Zhao, H., & Kowalski, J. (2023). Computationally-feasible uncertainty quantification in model-based landslide risk assessment. Frontiers in Earth Science, 10, Article 1032438. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.1032438
    Chicago
    Yildiz, Anil, Hu Zhao, and Julia Kowalski. 2023. “Computationally-feasible uncertainty quantification in model-based landslide risk assessment.” Frontiers in Earth Science 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.1032438.
    BibTeX
    @article{yildiz2023computationally, author  = {Yildiz, Anil and Zhao, Hu and Kowalski, Julia}, title   = {{Computationally-feasible uncertainty quantification in model-based landslide risk assessment}}, journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science}, year    = {2023}, volume  = {10}, doi     = {10.3389/feart.2022.1032438}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.1032438}, note    = {Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Yildiz, Anil AU  - Zhao, Hu AU  - Kowalski, Julia TI  - Computationally-feasible uncertainty quantification in model-based landslide risk assessment JO  - Frontiers in Earth Science PY  - 2023 VL  - 10 DO  - 10.3389/feart.2022.1032438 UR  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.1032438 N1  - Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.1032438 ER  - 

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  3. Muniruzzaman, M., & Pedretti, D. (2020). Mechanistic models supporting uncertainty quantification of water quality predictions in heterogeneous mining waste rocks: a review. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 35(5), 985–1001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-020-01884-z

    doi:10.1007/s00477-020-01884-zOpen access · Version of recordCC BY 4.0Metadata: Crossref

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    APA 7
    Muniruzzaman, M., & Pedretti, D. (2020). Mechanistic models supporting uncertainty quantification of water quality predictions in heterogeneous mining waste rocks: a review. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 35(5), 985–1001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-020-01884-z
    Chicago
    Muniruzzaman, Muhammad, and Daniele Pedretti. 2020. “Mechanistic models supporting uncertainty quantification of water quality predictions in heterogeneous mining waste rocks: a review.” Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 35 (5): 985–1001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-020-01884-z.
    BibTeX
    @article{muniruzzaman2020mechanistic, author  = {Muniruzzaman, Muhammad and Pedretti, Daniele}, title   = {{Mechanistic models supporting uncertainty quantification of water quality predictions in heterogeneous mining waste rocks: a review}}, journal = {Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment}, year    = {2020}, volume  = {35}, number  = {5}, pages   = {985--1001}, doi     = {10.1007/s00477-020-01884-z}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-020-01884-z}, note    = {Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Muniruzzaman, Muhammad AU  - Pedretti, Daniele TI  - Mechanistic models supporting uncertainty quantification of water quality predictions in heterogeneous mining waste rocks: a review JO  - Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment PY  - 2020 VL  - 35 IS  - 5 SP  - 985 EP  - 1001 DO  - 10.1007/s00477-020-01884-z UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-020-01884-z N1  - Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 L1  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-020-01884-z ER  - 

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  4. Ji, J., Li, D., & Zhang, Z. (2021). Modeling and Decoupling Systemic Risk (Version v2) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2107.10148

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.2107.10148Open access · PreprintVersion v2Metadata: arXiv

    Cite this
    APA 7
    Ji, J., Li, D., & Zhang, Z. (2021). Modeling and Decoupling Systemic Risk (Version v2) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2107.10148
    Chicago
    Ji, Jingyu, Deyuan Li, and Zhengjun Zhang. 2021. Modeling and Decoupling Systemic Risk. Version v2. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2107.10148.
    BibTeX
    @misc{ji2021modeling, author        = {Ji, Jingyu and Li, Deyuan and Zhang, Zhengjun}, title         = {{Modeling and Decoupling Systemic Risk}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2021}, version       = {v2}, eprint        = {2107.10148}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.2107.10148}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2107.10148} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - Ji, Jingyu AU  - Li, Deyuan AU  - Zhang, Zhengjun TI  - Modeling and Decoupling Systemic Risk PY  - 2021 ET  - v2 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2107.10148 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2107.10148 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.10148 ER  - 

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  5. Stern, R. H., Smith, D. E., & Gurm, H. S. (2015). Improving the Presentation and Understanding of Risk Models (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1504.05138

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.1504.05138Open access · PreprintVersion v1Metadata: arXiv

    Cite this
    APA 7
    Stern, R. H., Smith, D. E., & Gurm, H. S. (2015). Improving the Presentation and Understanding of Risk Models (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1504.05138
    Chicago
    Stern, Ralph H., Dean E. Smith, and Hitinder S. Gurm. 2015. Improving the Presentation and Understanding of Risk Models. Version v1. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1504.05138.
    BibTeX
    @misc{stern2015improving, author        = {Stern, Ralph H. and Smith, Dean E. and Gurm, Hitinder S.}, title         = {{Improving the Presentation and Understanding of Risk Models}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2015}, version       = {v1}, eprint        = {1504.05138}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.1504.05138}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1504.05138} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - Stern, Ralph H. AU  - Smith, Dean E. AU  - Gurm, Hitinder S. TI  - Improving the Presentation and Understanding of Risk Models PY  - 2015 ET  - v1 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.1504.05138 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1504.05138 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/1504.05138 ER  - 

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Faculty of Systems and Nexus Studies

Systems and interconnected risk lab programme

How shocks travel between water, energy, food, health, finance and infrastructure, and how to model compound and cascading failure honestly.

Lab work it backs
  • Cascading-failure models on public network data
  • Compound hazard scenario sets
  • Supply-network contagion exercises
Standards it teaches
  • NRS-C6 Systemic and cascading risk
  • NRS-M7 Networks, dependency and systemic risk
  • NRS-H65 Planetary boundary transgressions (NHS-1 planet.boundary)

Disciplines

Complex systems and systems modelling · Global catastrophic risks · Nexus-Based Risk Management (NRM) · Polycrisis and global risk assessment · Supply network and economic contagion · Systemic, compound and cascading risk · Tipping points and resilience of Earth and social systems · Water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus

Further reading (open access)

Open-access works chosen by relevance to the programme, with full citations. Metadata only; follow the link for the text.

  1. Daniotti, S., Servedio, V. D. P., Kager, J., Robben-Baldauf, A., & Thurner, S. (2024). Systemic risk approach to mitigate delay cascading in railway networks. npj Sustainable Mobility and Transport, 1(1), Article 15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44333-024-00012-6

    doi:10.1038/s44333-024-00012-6Open access · Version of recordCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Metadata: Crossref

    Cite this
    APA 7
    Daniotti, S., Servedio, V. D. P., Kager, J., Robben-Baldauf, A., & Thurner, S. (2024). Systemic risk approach to mitigate delay cascading in railway networks. npj Sustainable Mobility and Transport, 1(1), Article 15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44333-024-00012-6
    Chicago
    Daniotti, Simone, Vito D. P. Servedio, Johannes Kager, Aad Robben-Baldauf, and Stefan Thurner. 2024. “Systemic risk approach to mitigate delay cascading in railway networks.” npj Sustainable Mobility and Transport 1 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44333-024-00012-6.
    BibTeX
    @article{daniotti2024systemic, author  = {Daniotti, Simone and Servedio, Vito D. P. and Kager, Johannes and Robben-Baldauf, Aad and Thurner, Stefan}, title   = {{Systemic risk approach to mitigate delay cascading in railway networks}}, journal = {npj Sustainable Mobility and Transport}, year    = {2024}, volume  = {1}, number  = {1}, doi     = {10.1038/s44333-024-00012-6}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s44333-024-00012-6}, note    = {Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Daniotti, Simone AU  - Servedio, Vito D. P. AU  - Kager, Johannes AU  - Robben-Baldauf, Aad AU  - Thurner, Stefan TI  - Systemic risk approach to mitigate delay cascading in railway networks JO  - npj Sustainable Mobility and Transport PY  - 2024 VL  - 1 IS  - 1 DO  - 10.1038/s44333-024-00012-6 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s44333-024-00012-6 N1  - Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 L1  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s44333-024-00012-6 ER  - 

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  2. Huang, X., Vodenska, I., Havlin, S., & Stanley, H. E. (2013). Cascading Failures in Bi-partite Graphs: Model for Systemic Risk Propagation. Scientific Reports, 3(1), Article 1219. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01219

    doi:10.1038/srep01219Open access · Version of recordCC BY-NC-ND 3.0Metadata: Crossref

    Cite this
    APA 7
    Huang, X., Vodenska, I., Havlin, S., & Stanley, H. E. (2013). Cascading Failures in Bi-partite Graphs: Model for Systemic Risk Propagation. Scientific Reports, 3(1), Article 1219. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01219
    Chicago
    Huang, Xuqing, Irena Vodenska, Shlomo Havlin, and H. Eugene Stanley. 2013. “Cascading Failures in Bi-partite Graphs: Model for Systemic Risk Propagation.” Scientific Reports 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01219.
    BibTeX
    @article{huang2013cascading, author  = {Huang, Xuqing and Vodenska, Irena and Havlin, Shlomo and Stanley, H. Eugene}, title   = {{Cascading Failures in Bi-partite Graphs: Model for Systemic Risk Propagation}}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, year    = {2013}, volume  = {3}, number  = {1}, doi     = {10.1038/srep01219}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01219}, note    = {Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Huang, Xuqing AU  - Vodenska, Irena AU  - Havlin, Shlomo AU  - Stanley, H. Eugene TI  - Cascading Failures in Bi-partite Graphs: Model for Systemic Risk Propagation JO  - Scientific Reports PY  - 2013 VL  - 3 IS  - 1 DO  - 10.1038/srep01219 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01219 N1  - Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01219 ER  - 

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  3. Kita, S. M., Sparkes, E., Cotti, D., & Hagenlocher, M. (2026). A Nation of Disasters: Lessons on Systemic Risks and Cascading Impacts From Malawi's COVID‐19 Experience. Risk Analysis, 46(4), Article e70229. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.70229

    doi:10.1111/risa.70229Open access · Version of recordCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Metadata: Crossref

    Cite this
    APA 7
    Kita, S. M., Sparkes, E., Cotti, D., & Hagenlocher, M. (2026). A Nation of Disasters: Lessons on Systemic Risks and Cascading Impacts From Malawi's COVID‐19 Experience. Risk Analysis, 46(4), Article e70229. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.70229
    Chicago
    Kita, Stern Mwakalimi, Edward Sparkes, Davide Cotti, and Michael Hagenlocher. 2026. “A Nation of Disasters: Lessons on Systemic Risks and Cascading Impacts From Malawi's COVID‐19 Experience.” Risk Analysis 46 (4). https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.70229.
    BibTeX
    @article{kita2026nation, author  = {Kita, Stern Mwakalimi and Sparkes, Edward and Cotti, Davide and Hagenlocher, Michael}, title   = {{A Nation of Disasters: Lessons on Systemic Risks and Cascading Impacts From Malawi's COVID‐19 Experience}}, journal = {Risk Analysis}, year    = {2026}, volume  = {46}, number  = {4}, doi     = {10.1111/risa.70229}, url     = {https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.70229}, note    = {Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/} }
    RIS
    TY  - JOUR AU  - Kita, Stern Mwakalimi AU  - Sparkes, Edward AU  - Cotti, Davide AU  - Hagenlocher, Michael TI  - A Nation of Disasters: Lessons on Systemic Risks and Cascading Impacts From Malawi's COVID‐19 Experience JO  - Risk Analysis PY  - 2026 VL  - 46 IS  - 4 DO  - 10.1111/risa.70229 UR  - https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.70229 N1  - Licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ L1  - https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.70229 ER  - 

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  4. Zhong, C., Xing, Y., Fan, Y., & Zeng, A. (2022). Predicting the cascading dynamics in complex networks via the bimodal failure size distribution (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2208.06726

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.2208.06726Open access · PreprintVersion v1Metadata: arXiv

    Cite this
    APA 7
    Zhong, C., Xing, Y., Fan, Y., & Zeng, A. (2022). Predicting the cascading dynamics in complex networks via the bimodal failure size distribution (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2208.06726
    Chicago
    Zhong, Chongxin, Yanmeng Xing, Ying Fan, and An Zeng. 2022. Predicting the cascading dynamics in complex networks via the bimodal failure size distribution. Version v1. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2208.06726.
    BibTeX
    @misc{zhong2022predicting, author        = {Zhong, Chongxin and Xing, Yanmeng and Fan, Ying and Zeng, An}, title         = {{Predicting the cascading dynamics in complex networks via the bimodal failure size distribution}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2022}, version       = {v1}, eprint        = {2208.06726}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.2208.06726}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2208.06726} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - Zhong, Chongxin AU  - Xing, Yanmeng AU  - Fan, Ying AU  - Zeng, An TI  - Predicting the cascading dynamics in complex networks via the bimodal failure size distribution PY  - 2022 ET  - v1 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2208.06726 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2208.06726 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.06726 ER  - 

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  5. Cheng, J., Adamic, L. A., Dow, P. A., Kleinberg, J., & Leskovec, J. (2014). Can Cascades be Predicted? (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1403.4608

    doi:10.48550/arxiv.1403.4608Open access · PreprintVersion v1Metadata: arXiv

    Cite this
    APA 7
    Cheng, J., Adamic, L. A., Dow, P. A., Kleinberg, J., & Leskovec, J. (2014). Can Cascades be Predicted? (Version v1) [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1403.4608
    Chicago
    Cheng, Justin, Lada A. Adamic, P. Alex Dow, Jon Kleinberg, and Jure Leskovec. 2014. Can Cascades be Predicted? Version v1. Preprint. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1403.4608.
    BibTeX
    @misc{cheng2014can, author        = {Cheng, Justin and Adamic, Lada A. and Dow, P. Alex and Kleinberg, Jon and Leskovec, Jure}, title         = {{Can Cascades be Predicted?}}, publisher     = {arXiv}, year          = {2014}, version       = {v1}, eprint        = {1403.4608}, archiveprefix = {arXiv}, howpublished  = {Preprint}, doi           = {10.48550/arxiv.1403.4608}, url           = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1403.4608} }
    RIS
    TY  - UNPB AU  - Cheng, Justin AU  - Adamic, Lada A. AU  - Dow, P. Alex AU  - Kleinberg, Jon AU  - Leskovec, Jure TI  - Can Cascades be Predicted? PY  - 2014 ET  - v1 PB  - arXiv DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.1403.4608 UR  - https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1403.4608 L1  - https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.4608 ER  - 

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About the reading lists

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Reading is fetched when the site is built, never when you open the page, and only where the source's licence allows its metadata to be shown.

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