Draft, not yet released. In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.

Data appendix

The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.

10 min read0 figures7 tables28 notesNR-REGIONAL-EUR-2026-BASELINE

Contents
  1. ·Edition home
  2. ·Executive summary
  3. 1Europe’s risk travels through shared rivers, grids and gas
  4. 2Key findings
  5. 3Systems and sectors at baseline
  6. 4Risks and capability
  7. 5Dry, hot summer across the Rhine corridor and the Alpine grid
  8. 6Readings from the other desks
  9. 7The 2027 agenda
  10. 8Systems in depth
  11. AMethodology
  12. BData appendix
    1. B.1 The indicator set
    2. B.2 Regional source register
    3. B.3 Regional reading: Europe by member country
    4. B.4 Atlas card: Rhine basin
    5. B.5 Europe system card
    6. B.6 Licences
    7. B.7 Formats and provenance
  13. CReferences and record
  14. ·Complete edition, for print

B.1The indicator set

Table B.1Baseline indicator set
IndicatorValueUnitYearStateSource
EU population450.6million1 Jan 2025Reported1
Germany population83.6million1 Jan 2025Reported1
France population68.9million1 Jan 2025Reported1
United Kingdom population69.3millionmid-2024Reported14
Italy population58.9million1 Jan 2025Reported1
Switzerland population9.05million1 Jan 2025Reported1
EU emissions excluding land use3,017.2Mt CO₂e2024Reported5
Germany emissions excluding land use649.8Mt CO₂e2024Reported5
Share of EU emissions, Germany21.5%2024Estimated5
EU net emissions, inventory basis2,786Mt CO₂e2024Reported6
EU renewables share of final energy25.2%2024Reported3
EU renewables share of electricity47.5%2024Reported3
Russian gas imports, EU37,843million m³2024Reported13
People affected by storms and floods413,000people2024Reported9
Surface water bodies in good or high status37%2021Reported10
Terrestrial protected area, EU26.4%2023Reported45
Gas storage fill levelNot bound%n/aNOT BOUND42
Cereal productionNot boundtonnesn/aNOT BOUND1
Swiss electricity, hydropower shareNot bound%n/aNOT BOUND21
Heat-linked deaths, summer 2025Not bounddeathsn/aNOT BOUND22
Indicators, CSVIndicators, JSON

B.2Regional source register

The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.

Domains bound by the register

  • WAT
  • ENE
  • FOO
  • HLT
  • BIO
  • CLI
  • INF
  • FIN
  • TRD
  • MIN
Table B.3Regional source register
SourceCategoryCoveragePeriodCadenceRole
Population1214national statisticsEU, UK2024–2025annualprofile
Renewable energy34national statisticsEU, members2024annualENE
Greenhouse gases5644agency and statisticsEU, members2024annualCLI
Gas imports13national statisticsEU2024annualENE
European State of the Climate789agency assessmentregion2024–2025annualCLI, WAT
Water status10agency assessmentEU2021six-yearlyWAT
Blackout report12expert panelregion2025one-offINF
UK releases1415161718national statisticsUK2024–2026annualprofile, ENE
Heat deaths22peer-reviewedregion2024one-offHLT
Protected areas45national statisticsEU2023annualBIO

B.3Regional reading: Europe by member country

Map plates for every member country follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form for the 5 member countries named in the series registry.

Selected populations114

83.6million

Germany

68.9million

France

69.3million

United Kingdom

58.9million

Italy

Table B.4Regional reading: Europe by member country
MemberPrincipal hazardsSystems most exposedBaseline evidence
Francenot bound here · see the national edition50not boundpopulation 68.9 million (provisional); emissions 367.0 Mt; renewables 23.2%135
Germanyriver flooding in September 20249; low river flow7water, energy, infrastructurepopulation 83.6 million; emissions 649.8 Mt; renewables 22.5%135
Italyheat (about 19,000 deaths linked in summer 2024)22; flooding in September 20249health, waterpopulation 58.9 million; emissions 363.5 Mt; renewables 19.4%135
United Kingdomnot bound here · see the national edition50not boundpopulation 69.3 million; emissions 367 Mt net, provisional 20251416
Switzerlandnot bound here · national edition in preparation50not boundpopulation 9.05 million; emissions 40.1 Mt15

B.4Atlas card: Rhine basin

  • basin
  • shared river system
  • navigation and cooling water
  • members: Switzerland, Germany, France
Systems in view
water, energy and freight
Defining instruments
Water Framework Directive28; UNECE water convention32
Couplings
CLI → WAT → ENE; WAT → FOO
Capability evidence
an international river commission exists19; performance not bound
Gaps
low-water days, navigation depth and cooling-water limits
Agenda items
A-03

The Rhine basin covers about 185,000 km² and about 60 million people in nine states, as reported by the river commission; published figures vary [19]. Low-water series are not bound.

WATER

A shared river system

Source: national waterway and utility records. Blocker: not retrieved at evidence close.

ENERGY

Cooling water and hydropower

Source: national waterway agencies. Blocker: not retrieved at evidence close.

FREIGHT

Navigation depth

B.5Europe system card

The card through which Europe appears in the global edition and in the sector series. It summarises; it does not rank.

Table B.5Europe system card
SystemBaseline stateCoupling to watchCoverage
Watershared rivers; 37% of surface water in good or high status10low flow into energy and farmingPARTIAL
Energyrenewables 47.5% of EU electricity3; gas phase-out24supply route and voltage controlPARTIAL
Foodmaize and sunflower below average46drought and heatTHIN
Healthabout 62,775 heat-linked deaths22heat load on servicesPARTIAL
Biodiversity26.4% of EU land protected45condition not boundTHIN

Context

Archetype
five interlinked members sharing basins and grids
Population
450.6 million in the EU (1 January 2025)1; United Kingdom 69.3 million14
Trade
Russian gas imports 37.8 billion m³ in 202413
Hazard
floods of 2024 affected 413,000 people9

The member editions (France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, Switzerland) and this regional edition share finding identifiers where they read the same evidence, so a correction travels to every edition at once.

MEMBER EDITIONS

Same findings, same IDs

Europe evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers.

GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES

Regional evidence, sector reports

In the global edition Europe is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.

GLOBAL FLAGSHIP

Peers, not ranks

B.6Licences

Table B.6Licences of each kind of material
MaterialLicence
TextCC BY 4.0
Dataon the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0
FiguresNexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited
Mapsboundary source and licence printed on each plate
MetadataCC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it
Third-party data, figures and textThe source’s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed
Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.

B.7Formats and provenance

Table B.7This edition in every format
FormatKindStateWhat it isIdentifier
Web editionHTMLOn this siteDraft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.NR-REGIONAL-EUR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Print editionPDFAt releaseA4 portrait · screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.NR-REGIONAL-EUR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Indicator dataCSV · JSONOn this site20 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.NR-REGIONAL-EUR-2026-BASELINE data release v1
FiguresSVG · PNGOn this site4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.FIG-REGIONAL-EUR-2026-BASELINE-*
SlidesPDFNot recordedNo slide deck is recorded for this edition.
Evidence briefHTML · PDFNot recordedNo evidence brief is recorded for this edition.
Dataset with DOIDataCiteAt releaseConcept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.

Provenance

Edition pack
The edition’s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built
Evidence cut
NQ-REG-EUR-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026
Reproducibility
sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters
Self-check
14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release
Review
five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)
Publisher of record
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium
Corrections
Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version

Notes

Numbers are the edition’s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. Annex C, references

  1. 1Eurostat (ed.), Population on 1 January by age and sex (demo_pjan), EU27, France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland. Eurostat, Luxembourg. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  2. 14Office for National Statistics (ed.), Population estimates for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland: mid-2024 (released 26 September 2025). ONS, Newport. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  3. 5Eurostat (ed.), Greenhouse gas emissions by source sector (env_air_gge), total excluding LULUCF, EU27, France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland. Eurostat, Luxembourg. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  4. 6European Environment Agency (ed.), Key trends and drivers in greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union (briefing, published 17 April 2026). EEA, Copenhagen. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  5. 3Eurostat (ed.), Share of energy from renewable sources (nrg_ind_ren), overall and electricity, EU27, Germany, France and Italy. Eurostat, Luxembourg. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  6. 13Eurostat (ed.), Supply, transformation and consumption of gas, imports by partner (nrg_ti_gas), Russia, EU27, million cubic metres. Eurostat, Luxembourg. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  7. 9Copernicus Climate Change Service and WMO (eds.), European State of the Climate 2024, Flooding (people affected, deaths, Storm Boris, Valencia). C3S, Reading. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  8. 10European Environment Agency (ed.), Europe’s state of water 2024: the need for improved water resilience (EEA Report 07/2024, 15 October 2024). EEA, Copenhagen. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  9. 45Eurostat (ed.), Surface of the terrestrial protected areas (sdg_15_20), EU27, Germany, France, Italy and Switzerland. Eurostat, Luxembourg. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  10. 42UNVERIFIED, not opened: POST-CLOSE, context only: Gas Infrastructure Europe (ed.), AGSI+ gas storage transparency platform (EU fill level at 1 November 2026 not read). GIE, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  11. 21UNVERIFIED, not opened: Swiss Federal Office of Energy (ed.), Swiss overall energy statistics 2025, electricity (extract carries an amendment dated 19 June 2026). SFOE, Bern. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  12. 22UNVERIFIED, not opened: ISGlobal (ed.), Over 62,700 deaths associated with record-breaking heat during the summer of 2024 in Europe (press release on a peer-reviewed estimate; the page returned an error; journal title to be confirmed). ISGlobal, Barcelona. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  13. 2Eurostat (ed.), EU population up by 1.1 million on 1 January 2025 (news release, 450.4 million). Eurostat, Luxembourg, 11 July 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  14. 4Eurostat (ed.), 25.2% of energy EU used in 2024 came from renewables (news item). Eurostat, Luxembourg, 18 December 2025. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  15. 44UNVERIFIED, not opened: European Environment Agency (ed.), Trends and projections in Europe 2025 (EU net emissions 37% below 1990 on the Climate Law basis, from search summaries). EEA, Copenhagen, November 2025. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  16. 7WMO and Copernicus Climate Change Service (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025 (series page, published 29 April 2026). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  17. 8UNVERIFIED, not opened: Copernicus Climate Change Service and WMO (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, full report; burnt area of about 1.03 million hectares taken from a search summary. ECMWF, Reading. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  18. 12ENTSO-E (ed.), 28 April 2025 Iberian blackout: expert panel final report (page opened; final report dated 20 March 2026). ENTSO-E, Brussels. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  19. 15Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (ed.), 2025 UK greenhouse gas emissions: provisional figures (statistics page, released 2 April 2026; figures not on the page opened). DESNZ, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  20. 16UNVERIFIED, not opened: Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (ed.), 2025 UK greenhouse gas emissions: provisional figures, statistical release (net territorial emissions 367 MtCO2e, 2% below 2024, 54% below 1990, from search summaries). DESNZ, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  21. 17UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ofgem (ed.), Electricity interconnectors (Great Britain capacity about 10.3 GW, another Ofgem page gives 9.8 GW; the page opened did not state capacity). Ofgem, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  22. 18UNVERIFIED, not opened: Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (ed.), Energy Trends: UK electricity 2025 (renewables 52.5% of generation, from search summaries). DESNZ, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  23. 50UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Baseline Editions 2026 for France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom (draft packs; the Switzerland edition is in preparation). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  24. 28UNVERIFIED, not opened: European Parliament and Council (eds.), Directive 2000/60/EC establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities, 2000. Observation year 2000. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  25. 32UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNECE (ed.), Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes. UNECE, Geneva, 1992. Observation year 1992. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  26. 19UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ed.), the Rhine river basin (about 185,000 km2, about 60 million inhabitants, nine states; published figures vary; the page opened returned not found). ICPR, Koblenz. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  27. 24UNVERIFIED, not opened: European Parliament and Council (eds.), Regulation (EU) 2026/261 on the phase-out of Russian gas imports (the page opened returned no text; dates from search summaries). Official Journal of the European Union, 2 February 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  28. 46UNVERIFIED, not opened: European Commission Joint Research Centre (ed.), MARS Bulletin: crop monitoring in Europe, October 2025 (grain maize 3% and sunflower 10% below the five-year average, from search summaries). JRC, Ispra. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back

Cite this annex

Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Annex B: Data appendix. In Europe Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of Europe’s Interdependent Systems. (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-REGIONAL-EUR-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI).

Every citation form of the whole report, BibTeX and RIS included, is on the edition home. Cite this report

ReportsContribute

Send evidence or a correction on Europe.

Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI Systems Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.

GCRI Systems Evidence deskRegional Systems Risk & Resilience Report

Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.

CC BY 4.0 Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.

The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation

Science · evidence · measurement

Not for profit

Our articles, maps and twins are free to read and free to republish. Readers and partners keep it that way.

Partner with us

Who funds us

GCRI is a not-for-profit institution. To ask who funds a piece of work, use the funding questions form.

Independence

Editors and the expert reviewers named on each article decide what we publish. Funders and partners do not review or approve articles before publication.

Corrections policy

Licence

Articles: CC BY 4.0. Figures, maps, twins and data: CC BY 4.0. Other uses: ask through the permissions form.

Privacy choices