Draft, not yet released. In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.

Data appendix

The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.

9 min read0 figures8 tables16 notesNR-XTECH-HPC-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE

Contents
  1. ·Edition home
  2. ·Executive summary
  3. 1HPC is power, cooling and policy before it is speed
  4. 2Key findings
  5. 3Systems and sectors at baseline
  6. 4Risks and capability
  7. 5Power and siting limits meet fast-growing demand
  8. 6Readings from the other desks
  9. 7The 2027 agenda
  10. 8Systems in depth
  11. AMethodology
  12. BData appendix
    1. B.1 The indicator set
    2. B.2 Global source register
    3. B.3 Regional reading, HPC across ten clusters
    4. B.4 Cluster card: exascale systems on the June 2026 list
    5. B.5 How countries appear in the HPC edition
    6. B.6 Licences
    7. B.7 Formats and provenance
  13. CReferences and record
  14. ·Complete edition, for print

B.1The indicator set

Table B.1Global baseline indicator set
IndicatorValueUnitYearStateSource
LineShine Linpack result2.198exaflops2026Reported1
LineShine power42.2MW2026Reported1
LineShine efficiency52.07GFlops per watt2026Reported4
El Capitan Linpack result1.809exaflops2026Reported1
El Capitan efficiency60.94GFlops per watt2026Reported5
El Capitan HPL-MxP result16.7exaflops2026Reported5
LineShine HPCG result22.00petaflops2026Reported5
Combined list performance18.73exaflops2026Reported5
Systems with accelerators276of 5002026Reported5
Green500 leader efficiency73.282GFlops per watt2026Reported3
US data centre electricity use176TWh2023Reported12
US data centre electricity share4.4%2023Reported12
Exascale Computing Project budget1.8USD billion2024Reported17
CHIPS and Science Act funding to Commerce50USD billion2022Reported43
EuroHPC budget 2021 to 20278.2EUR billion2026Reported11
JUPITER GH200 superchips24,000about2025Reported9
Indicators, CSVIndicators, JSON

B.2Global source register

The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.

Domains bound by the register

  • INF
  • ENE
  • FIN
  • TRD
  • AIC
  • MIN
  • CLI
  • WAT
  • DAT
  • HLT
Table B.3Global source register
SourceCategoryCoveragePeriodCadenceRole
TOP500 list pages12benchmark projectglobal2025 to 2026twice a yearsystems
Green500 list3benchmark projectglobal2026twice a yearefficiency
TOP500 release and highlights45benchmark projectglobal2026twice a yeartotals and benchmarks
EuroHPC pages91011EU bodyEU2025 to 2026continuoussystems and budget
DOE news item12national agencyUS2024one-offdata centre energy
BIS homepage13national agencyUS2025 to 2026continuousexport rules
RIKEN page14national instituteJapan2025one-offroadmap
MPI and OpenMP pages1516standards forumsglobal2024 to 2026periodicsoftware standards
ECP page and CHIPS and Science Act1743national programme and statuteUS2022 to 2024one-offfunding
UK action plan23national governmentUK2025one-offcompute plan

B.3Regional reading, HPC across ten clusters

Regional plates follow with the regional editions. This page gives the regional reading of HPC infrastructure in table form and ranks no region.

Table B.4Regional reading, HPC across ten clusters
RegionPrincipal hazardsSystems most exposedBaseline evidence
North Americathree exascale systems at DOE laboratories; chips fundingsystems, finance, energyTOP5001; CHIPS and Science Act43; DOE12
South Americaregional evidence not boundnot boundregional evidence (not bound)
EuropeJUPITER; EuroHPC budget; AI Factories; rules for data centressystems, governanceEuroHPC91011
Eurasiaregional evidence not boundnot boundregional evidence (not bound)
Middle East and North Africaregional evidence not boundnot boundregional evidence (not bound)
Africaregional evidence not boundnot boundregional evidence (not bound)
South Asiaregional evidence not boundnot boundregional evidence (not bound)
East AsiaLineShine in China; Fugaku and FugakuNEXT plan in Japansystems, roadmapsTOP50014; RIKEN14
ASEANregional evidence not boundnot boundregional evidence (not bound)
Oceania-Pacificregional evidence not boundnot boundregional evidence (not bound)

B.4Cluster card: exascale systems on the June 2026 list

  • systems
  • power
  • efficiency
  • public lists
Systems in view
LineShine, El Capitan, Frontier, Aurora, JUPITER Booster
Defining events
LineShine entry at first place; JUPITER inauguration19
Couplings
ENE → INF facility power; TRD → INF licence rules
Capability evidence
warm-water cooling and heat reuse at one system9
Gaps
cooling water; newest system power from primary pages; supply
Agenda items
H-01 · H-04

The five largest systems draw from 15.8 to 42.2 megawatts, as the list reports [1].

POWER

Tens of megawatts

The Green500 leader draws 46 kilowatts and reaches 73.282 gigaflops per watt [3] [5].

EFFICIENCY

Small systems lead

JUPITER uses warm-water cooling and sends heat to a campus network. No other system is documented here [9].

RESPONSE

Heat reuse

B.5How countries appear in the HPC edition

Countries enter the HPC edition through the readiness chapters of their own national editions, on one card grammar. They are read against peer distributions and thresholds, never ranked.

Table B.5How countries appear in the HPC edition
Card fieldWhat it showsSource
WEFH+B stateeach core system against peer distribution bandsnational edition
Couplingsthe national dependency matrixnational edition
Risk objectsthe national risk portfolionational edition
Capability rungsthe national capability laddernational edition
Evidence ageoldest and newest source datesnational source register

Editions in the 2026 Baseline programme

26national

countries and unions

10regional

clusters

16global

flagship and sector

14strategic

systems reports

20frontier

technology reports

How to read a country card

  • Each system is shown against the distribution of its peers, with thresholds where they exist
  • Couplings and risk objects come from the country’s own national edition
  • Capability rungs record evidence, not a judgement of institutions
  • Evidence age is printed, so older national data are visible as such
Table B.6National Baseline Editions in the 2026 programme
WaveCountries and unionsState
W0CanadaISSUED
W1United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, European Union, SwitzerlandPLANNED
W2Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Türkiye, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Senegal, Kenya, African Union, India, China, Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Singapore, AustraliaPLANNED

B.6Licences

Table B.7Licences of each kind of material
MaterialLicence
TextCC BY 4.0
Dataon the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0
FiguresNexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited
Mapsboundary source and licence printed on each plate
MetadataCC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it
Third-party data, figures and textThe source’s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed
Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.

B.7Formats and provenance

Table B.8This edition in every format
FormatKindStateWhat it isIdentifier
Web editionHTMLOn this siteDraft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.NR-XTECH-HPC-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Print editionPDFAt releaseA4 portrait · screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.NR-XTECH-HPC-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Indicator dataCSV · JSONOn this site16 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.NR-XTECH-HPC-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE data release v1
FiguresSVG · PNGOn this site4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.FIG-XTECH-HPC-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-*
SlidesPDFNot recordedNo slide deck is recorded for this edition.
Evidence briefHTML · PDFNot recordedNo evidence brief is recorded for this edition.
Dataset with DOIDataCiteAt releaseConcept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.

Provenance

Edition pack
The edition’s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built
Evidence cut
DC-XTECH-HPC-GLOBAL-2026-B0, closed 30 September 2026
Reproducibility
sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters
Self-check
14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release
Review
five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)
Publisher of record
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium
Corrections
Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version

Notes

Numbers are the edition’s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. Annex C, references

  1. 1TOP500 (ed.), TOP500 list, June 2026, 67th edition (list page; top systems, Rmax, Rpeak, cores and power). TOP500 project, Hamburg. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  2. 4TOP500 (ed.), LineShine Debuts at No. 1 as the TOP500 Enters a New Global Exascale Era (news release, 23 June 2026; LineShine, HPCG, HPL-MxP, Green500 values). TOP500 project, Hamburg. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  3. 5TOP500 (ed.), Highlights, June 2026 (list totals, accelerator and processor shares, HPCG and HPL-MxP tables; the page gives some figures that differ from the list page). TOP500 project, Hamburg. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  4. 3TOP500 (ed.), Green500 list, June 2026 (list page; top five by gigaflops per watt). TOP500 project, Hamburg. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  5. 12US Department of Energy (ed.), DOE releases new report evaluating increase in electricity demand from data centres (news item, 20 December 2024; 176 TWh in 2023, 4.4% of US electricity; 6.7% to 12% projected for 2028). US Department of Energy, Washington. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  6. 17Exascale Computing Project (ed.), project site (2016 to 2024; USD 1.8 billion; about 2,800 collaborators; concluded). US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  7. 43US Congress (ed.), CHIPS and Science Act, Public Law 117-167, Division A, section 102 (statute text, enacted 9 August 2022; CHIPS for America Fund appropriations for fiscal years 2022 to 2026 sum to USD 50 billion, of which USD 39 billion for incentives and USD 11 billion for research). Government Publishing Office, Washington. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  8. 11EuroHPC Joint Undertaking (ed.), Discover EuroHPC JU (about page; budget of at least EUR 8.2 billion for 2021 to 2027; Council Regulations 2021/1173, 2024/1732 and 2026/150). EuroHPC JU, Luxembourg. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  9. 9EuroHPC Joint Undertaking (ed.), JUPITER launching Europe’s exascale era (news item, 5 September 2025; about 24,000 GH200 superchips; warm-water cooling; funding shares; power and budget not stated). EuroHPC JU, Luxembourg. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  10. 2TOP500 (ed.), TOP500 list, November 2025, 66th edition (list page; top systems, Rmax, Rpeak, power). TOP500 project, Hamburg. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  11. 10EuroHPC Joint Undertaking (ed.), AI Factories (programme page; 19 AI Factories and 13 antennas stated; the page lists 18 sites and 15 antennas). EuroHPC JU, Luxembourg. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  12. 13US Department of Commerce Bureau of Industry and Security (ed.), BIS homepage (notice of 16 January 2025 on advanced computing integrated circuits; extension of 7 April 2026 to 31 December 2026; guidance of May 2026 on Country Group D:5 and Macau; full texts not opened). BIS, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  13. 14RIKEN (ed.), FugakuNEXT project with Fujitsu and NVIDIA (news item, 22 August 2025; MONAKA-X CPU, NVIDIA GPU; more than 5 times hardware performance; up to 100 times application performance in about 40 MW; more than 600 exaflops FP8 sparse; operation around 2030). RIKEN, Wako. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  14. 15OpenMP Architecture Review Board (ed.), OpenMP specifications (index page; version 6.0 of November 2024; technical report 15 as a public comment draft of 6.1, July 2026). OpenMP ARB, Urbana. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  15. 16MPI Forum (ed.), MPI documents (index page; MPI 5.0 voted through 5 June 2025; MPI 4.1 of 2 November 2023). Message Passing Interface Forum. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  16. 23UK Government (ed.), AI Opportunities Action Plan (page; expand the AI Research Resource by at least 20 times by 2030; non-AI HPC and exascale flagged as unresolved; no budget figure). Department for Science, Innovation and Technology, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back

Cite this annex

Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Annex B: Data appendix. In Exponential Technology Report 2026: HPC and Advanced Computing (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-XTECH-HPC-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI).

Every citation form of the whole report, BibTeX and RIS included, is on the edition home. Cite this report

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