Bayesian calibration
Model parameters are calibrated with Bayesian methods that combine prior knowledge with data and produce posterior distributions, including a term for model discrepancy.
GCRI · Ilmu Sistem dan Pemodelan
Probability and statistics are the language of uncertainty in modelling. In this field they underpin calibration, inference about parameters, evaluation of model performance and the honest reporting of ranges, for every modelling platform in the network.
Probability and statistics provide the mathematical framework for describing uncertainty and learning from data. They underpin estimation, testing and prediction in every risk discipline. In methods and modelling, risk management and risiko sistemik and research and evidence, statistical methods quantify the likelihood and uncertainty of losses across interconnected sistem. They make the evidence behind risk decisions explicit and reproducible. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.
Model parameters are calibrated with Bayesian methods that combine prior knowledge with data and produce posterior distributions, including a term for model discrepancy.
Probabilistic model outputs are scored with proper scoring rules so that honest uncertainty is rewarded.
Ensembles of model runs are summarised with statistical methods that account for dependence between ensemble members.
Model, asumsi, data, dan ketidakpastiannya, dalam bentuk yang akan diperiksa ilmuwan atau insinyur. Strukturnya mengikuti metode yang dipublikasikan. Nilai yang digambar bersifat ilustratif, bukan temuan.
The model structure used for statistics for modelling, the assumptions it makes and how each is tested.
Ri = f(Hi, Ei, Vi, Ci)bahaya, keterpaparan, kerentanan, dan kapasitas penanggulanganEAL = ∑k pk · Lkatas peristiwa k dengan probabilitas tahunan pkxt+1 = A xt + B ut + εtA carries the couplings, u the shock, ε the error| Asumsi | Mengapa ini dibuat | Bagaimana ini diuji |
|---|---|---|
| Bahaya dan eksposur bersifat independen dalam satu peristiwa | Menjaga integral kerugian tetap dapat dihitung | Bandingkan dengan pencocokan kopula pada catatan gabungan |
| Keterkaitan bersifat linear di dekat titik operasi | Membiarkan guncangan merambat melalui A | Uji di luar rentang linear lalu bandingkan |
| Kurva kerentanan dapat dipindahkan antartempat | Kurva lokal jarang tersedia | Validasi terhadap kerugian teramati jika tersedia |
Datasets and records used by probability and statistics on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in register sumber.
| Data | Peran | Label |
|---|---|---|
| Observational datasets | Calibration and evaluation | TERAMATI |
| Model ensemble outputs | Statistik | DIMODELKAN |
| Prior information from literature | Bayesian priors | DILAPORKAN |
Process explorer · Process
10 steps·5 tahap
Proses
Model katastrofe biasanya memiliki modul bahaya, kerentanan, keterpaparan, dan keuangan, serta menghasilkan tabel kerugian, rata-rata kerugian tahunan, kurva terlampaui, PML, dan TVaR.
Garis besar suatu standar atau metode eksternal, dari sumber publiknya. Garis besar ini menjelaskan apa yang dinyatakan kerangka itu, bukan catatan pelaksanaan apa pun. Garis besar ini tidak menunjukkan bahwa Nexus atau mitra mana pun melaksanakan, menyertifikasi, atau menyetujui suatu langkah. Gerbang adalah langkah dalam metode, tidak pernah persetujuan Nexus.
Results are checked through diagnostics, cross-validation and sensitivity to assumptions. Independent replication confirms findings.
| Pemeriksaan | Cara pelaksanaannya |
|---|---|
| Posterior predictive checks | Calibrated models must reproduce observed data |
| Prior sensitivity | Results are recomputed under alternative priors |
| Scoring on held-out data | Predictions are scored on data not used in calibration |
Inference depends on assumptions about independence, distribution and sampling that may not hold. Small or biased samples limit reliability.
Sistem Science and Modelling stewards probability and statistics for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
Laporan is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
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