Return-period flows and rainfall
Generalised extreme-value or peaks-over-threshold distributions are fitted to annual maxima, with confidence intervals reported alongside the point estimate.
GCRI · Water Nexus
Extreme-value statistics gives the heyama vegerê its meaning: how rare a flow, a rainfall depth or a dry spell is, and how uncertain that estimate is when the record is short.
Extreme value theory and xetera dûvê study the behaviour of rare, high-impact events. They provide methods to estimate the magnitude and frequency of extremes beyond the range of observed data. In water, climate and hazards and binesaziya girîng, extreme value methods set design levels and capital buffers for rare events. Tail dependence analysis reveals when extremes in different pergalan tend to occur together. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.
Generalised extreme-value or peaks-over-threshold distributions are fitted to annual maxima, with confidence intervals reported alongside the point estimate.
Short records are pooled across hydrologically similar catchments so ungauged sites inherit a defensible frequency curve.
Dependence between rainfall and surge, or drought and heat, is modelled with copulas; trends in the record are tested and, where present, the frequency curve is allowed to move.
Rain, flood water and root-zone soil moisture over the Nile Basin, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.
Nexşeya înteraktîf JavaScript hewce dike; lîsteya qatan û çavkanî li jêr in.
Qat 3
Water now, for this page
Klavye, dema ku nexşe di fokusê de ye
Ctrl an ⌘ bigire û bizivirîne da ku nêzîk bikî
Ya herî dawî ya heyî
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth
Wêneyên herî nû yên NASA tê barkirin.
Bikişîne da ku bilivîne. Ctrl an ⌘ û zivirandin, pincandin an bişkojkan ji bo nêzîkkirinê; ji bo nirxên di bin nîşanderê de li ser bisekine; vegerandin vedigere herêmê.
Water now, framed on the Nile Basin.Berhemên peyk û modelê wekî NASA diweşîne, her yek bi dîroka xwe. Nîşander in, ne nirxandinên tu cihî ne.
Qat û dîrok
Datasets and records used by extreme value theory and xetera dûvê on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in the source register.
| Dane | Rol | Nîşan |
|---|---|---|
| Annual maximum series | Distribution fitting | ÇAVDÊRÎKIRÎ |
| Peaks over threshold | Distribution fitting | ÇAVDÊRÎKIRÎ |
| Regional catchment descriptors | Pooling groups | TEXMÎNKIRÎ |
| Climate model projections | Non-stationary scenarios | MODELKIRÎ |
Rain becomes runoff by the curve number method, drains each sub-catchment through a linear reservoir and travels down the main stem by Muskingum routing; play it to watch the flood wave move and flatten. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows The Nile Basin; the model itself is not tied to a place.
Kontrol
Xwendin
| Hour | Outlet (m³/s) | Unrouted (m³/s) | Upper reach (m³/s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.4 | 0.0 | 678.9 | 0.0 |
| 12.0 | 308.3 | 1,151.4 | 181.8 |
| 21.6 | 452.4 | 35.1 | 73.7 |
| 31.2 | 363.3 | 1.1 | 11.1 |
| 40.8 | 198.8 | 0.0 | 1.5 |
| 50.4 | 79.3 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
| 60.0 | 25.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 69.6 | 6.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 79.2 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 88.8 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 98.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 108.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 117.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 127.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 136.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:
Li seranserê şeş stûnan, bi pêşengiya Nexus Consortium
Fits are checked with diagnostic plots, goodness-of-fit tests and out-of-sample comparison. Sensitivity to threshold and record length is reported.
| Kontrol bikin | How it is done |
|---|---|
| Goodness of fit | Several distributions are compared; the choice and its effect on the estimate are reported |
| Bootstrap uncertainty | Confidence intervals are resampled, not assumed |
| Stationarity tests | Trend and change-point tests precede any quoted heyama vegerê |
Extrapolation far beyond the data is highly uncertain. Changing climates and markets violate stationarity assumptions.
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile Standardên xetera avê: the hazards it names, the pergalan and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
Metirsî
Pergal û girêdan
Kontrol
NS-0 Destûr û prensîbNS-1 Çavdêrxaneya UNI û kataloga berheman (rêzimana v0.2: beşên qad, sektor, herêm û jîngehê)NS-3 UNIyên tomara xetereyê (rêzimanî, nexşeya veguhastina ji pergala kevin, desthilata veqetandinê)NS-3b Profîla metadata ya daneset û berheman (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)NS-9 UNI yên çarçoveyî (belavkirin, mînak, mînakên bernameyê)NS-10 Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)NS-11 Piştrastkirin û çavdêrî (delîl, erêkirin, çavdêriya lihevhatina zero-trust)NRS-U28 Universe platform profile: Water NexusNRS-H61 Malbata metirsiyê: Têkçûna zincîrî (NHS-1 sys.cascade)NRS-K42 Profîla pakêta domainê: Hewzên derbasî-sînor (DOMAIN-042)NRS-N1 Xetera avê û berxwedanNRS-N7 Hevgirêdana av-enerjî-xwarin-tenduristî-cûrbecûrbûna jîndaran-binesazîNRS-H62 Malbata metirsiyê: Bûyerên tevhev û pir-metirsî (NHS-1 sys.compound)Çavdêrî
Erdnîgariya mînakê
Sektorên ku lehiya bajarî bandor li wan dike û çiqas girêdayî hev in: ya ku lêkolîn divê bi hev re çavdêrî û modelkirin bike.
Çarçoveyekê hilbijêrin
Sektor · Lehiya bajarîStres
Stûn · Lehiya bajarîKPI
Di vê çarçoveyê deGirêdayîbûn an radestkirin, giran bi hêztir eLi derveyî vê çarçoveyê
Sala bernameyêHemû qonax
Çarçove
Lehiya bajarî
Kolanên lehîbûyî qereqolên elektrîkê, qereqolên pompeyê û gihîştina klînîkan bi hev re ji kar dixin; dema ku elektrîk diqede, ava vexwarinê jî diqede.
W · E · I · F · H · B
Xetere
Li goşeyek, xetek an rêzek bigerin da ku wê li ser her du aliyan bişopînin.
Rê
Li ser lehiya bajarî hatiye sepandin
L · F · U · S · R · A
Bersiv
Nirxa hêvîkirî
Li stûnek, xetek an rêzek bigerin da ku bixwînin ka çawa tê sepandin.
A: kaskadeyek hînkirinê (şok 0.6, qezenc 0.35, çar dor) li ser nirxên hînkirinê yên ji bo herêmeke bajarî ya tîpîk, ne pîvandin. B: sepanên nimûneyî û KPI ya ku her stûn bersiva wê dide; nirx pîvanên weşandî ne, bi çavkanî, ne pêşbînî. Bûyerên vekirî: NASA EONET, zindî.
Sîgortaya duyemîn û katastrof stewards extreme value theory and xetera dûvê for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
Model, texmînên wî, daneyên wî û nediyariya wî, bi şeweyê ku zanyar an endezyar kontrol bike. Avahî rêbazên weşandî dişopînin. Nirxên hatine xêzkirin nimûneyî ne, ne encam in.
The couplings between the systems in extreme value statistics for floods and droughts: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.
rêzeya Pergalên Stratejîk is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
Tu carî daneyên şexsî, hûrgiliyên binesaza hesas an tiştekî ku mafê we yê parvekirinê tune ne neşînin. Beşdarî berî bikaranînê tê nirxandin; şandina wê nivîskarî an mafên edîtorî nade û sponsorî tu carî encamekê nakire.
Agahî û pirs îro vekirî ne. Pirsek referansekê distîne û gava piştî wê dide nasîn; serlêdan, drav, veqetandina hesabkirinê û tomarkirin tenê dema ku tîm, mercên wê û kapasîteya vekolînê hebin vedibin.
Nexşe, dane û jimarên vê malperê ji bo çarçoveyê û agahiyên giştî têne nîşandan. Ew ne şîret, ne pêşbînî û ne hişyarî ne; sînorên agahiyê di Daxuyaniyên Berpirsiyariyê û Daxuyaniyên Daneyê de hatine diyarkirin.
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