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GCRI · Intelligenza artificiale e sistemi autonomi

Effetti sul lavoro e sociali

AI changes which tasks people do, how work is organised, which skills are valued and how information spreads. Effects differ by occupation, country, gender and age, and depend on how firms and governments choose to deploy it. This page sets out how AI affects work and society, how exposure and impacts are measured, and what evidence serves the labour ministries, employers, unions and educators involved.

01Registrare

Labour and social effects on the record.

02La domanda

Labour and social effects: how the risk develops.

Work, education, public trust and inclusion. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Meccanismo

Tasks change before jobs do

AI automates or assists specific tasks within occupations. Jobs are reorganised around remaining tasks before they disappear or new ones form.

Meccanismo

Exposure is uneven

Clerical and some professional tasks are highly exposed to generative AI, while manual and interpersonal work is less exposed. Women are over-represented in some highly exposed clerical jobs.

Meccanismo

Skills and training lag

Workers need new skills to use AI well, and those displaced need retraining. Training sistemi often respond more slowly than technology adoption.

Meccanismo

Information ecosystems shift

Generated content, recommendation systems and synthetic media change how people find and judge information, with effects on trust and public debate.

03Metodi ed evidenze

How labour and social effects is modelled, measured and tested.

Il modello, le sue ipotesi, i suoi dati e la sua incertezza, nella forma in cui uno scienziato o un ingegnere li verificherebbe. Le strutture seguono metodi pubblicati. I valori rappresentati sono illustrativi, non risultati.

Modello di sistema

The couplings between the systems in labour and social effects: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+Intelligenza artificialeDatiComunitàEconomiaR di rinforzoB bilanciamento
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
Principi guida FAIR · GO FAIR e FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumGuidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Comitato sui satelliti per l'osservazione della Terra
04Tra i domini

AI’s effects on work vary across domains.

05Indicatori

Cosa viene misurato e con quale accuratezza.

Ogni indicatore riporta la sua unità, la sua cadenza, il tipo di fonte su cui si basa e l'etichetta di evidenza che un valore riporterebbe. Non sono mostrati valori: un programma li fornisce sotto la propria autorità.

IndicatoreUnitàCadenzaTipo di fonteEtichetta
Employment in occupations highly exposed to AIpercent of employmentper valutazioneExposure studies using occupational dataSTIMATO
Firms using AIpercent of firmsannualeBusiness surveysRIPORTATO
Workers using AI tools at workpercent of workersper surveyLabour force and worker surveysRIPORTATO
AI-related job postingsshare of postingsmensileOnline job posting dataOSSERVATO
Participation in AI skills trainingpercent of workforceannualeTraining surveysRIPORTATO
Wage changes in exposed occupationspercent changeannualeWage statisticsStatistiche pubblicate
06Fonti

Da dove provengono le evidenze.

Set di dati pubblici e registri istituzionali specifici, ciascuno con la sua classe di licenza. Le fonti soggette ad accordo sono utilizzate solo alle relative condizioni e mai ripubblicate.

FonteCosa fornisceClasse di licenza
ILO studies on generative AI exposure of occupationsOccupational exposure estimates by country and genderPublic, ILO terms
OECD Employment Outlook and AI in work studiesEvidence on AI adoption and labour effectsPublic, OECD terms
Eurostat ICT usage in enterprises surveyShare of enterprises using AIOpen, Eurostat reuse policy
Online job posting data such as Lightcast summariesDemand for AI skillsCommercial; public summaries (to check)
Stanford AI IndexCompiled indicators on AI adoption, investment and labourPublic, licence to check
07Decisioni

Chi decide, e a cosa servono le evidenze.

Studio Intelligenza artificiale e sistemi prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Chi decideLa domandaEvidenze fornite da questa pagina
Labour ministriesWhich workers and sectors need transition supportExposure analyses; adoption tracking
Employers and unionsHow to introduce AI at work and share its gainsAdoption and wage evidence
Istruzione and training bodiesWhich skills to teach and to whomSkills demand evidence

Output prodotti da questo argomento

  • Occupational exposure analyses by sector, gender and region
  • Adoption tracking from business and worker surveys
  • Evaluation designs for AI training programmes
  • Evidence notes for social dialogue on AI at work
08Questioni centrali

What researchers ask about social effects.

  • Which tasks can current AI perform well, and how does that map onto occupations?
  • Does AI substitute for workers, complement them or change what their jobs consist of?
  • How does AI change learning and assessment in education?
  • How do errors, opacity and misuse affect trust, and who is excluded?
09Meccanismi

Tasks, not jobs.

Jobs are bundles of tasks. AI tends to automate or assist specific tasks, such as drafting, summarising, coding or classifying images, which changes the content of jobs rather than simply removing them. Whether that raises productivity and wages or displaces workers depends on how organisations redesign work and how gains are shared.

In education, AI can personalise support but also undermine assessment and the learning that comes from effort. Trust depends on experience: visible errors, unexplained decisions and synthetic content erode it, while accountable use can build it. People with limited digital access, skills or language support risk exclusion.

10Metodi e dati

Evidence on social effects.

  1. 01

    Task exposure analysis

    Mapping AI capabilities onto occupational task data. Exposure is not the same as displacement.

  2. 02

    Field and natural experiments

    Studying workplaces and classrooms that adopt AI, using scienze sociali e comportamentali. Early studies may not generalise.

  3. 03

    Surveys of trust and use

    Measuring how people use and perceive AI. Attitudes change quickly and vary by context.

  4. 04

    Valutazione delle capacità

    Linking what sistemi can actually do, from Ingegneria della valutazione e dell'assicurazione dell'IA, to claims about social effects.

12Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Gli organismi e i documenti alla luce dei quali si legge questa pagina. Stato ed edizioni cambiano; ogni link porta all'organismo emittente.

13Domande

Domande e risposte.

Will AI take jobs?
Evidence so far suggests AI changes tasks within jobs more often than it eliminates whole jobs, but effects differ by occupation and depend on how it is deployed. Long-term effects are uncertain.
What is occupational exposure to AI?
A measure of how many of an occupation’s tasks AI could perform or assist, based on task descriptions, which indicates potential, not realised, change.
Who is most exposed to generative AI?
Studies by the ILO and others find clerical and some professional occupations most exposed, with women over-represented in highly exposed clerical work.
Will AI cause mass unemployment?
The evidence does not support confident predictions either way. Effects depend on adoption, work redesign, policy and how gains are shared, and they differ by occupation and place.
Which workers are most exposed?
Exposure analyses suggest many office and knowledge tasks are exposed to current AI, unlike earlier automation that mainly affected routine manual work. Exposure does not mean those jobs disappear.
How does this topic relate to Future of Work and Skills?
This topic connects AI capabilities to social effects; Future of Work and Skills studies labour markets, skills and institutions in depth. The two share evidence.
Does the platform advise employers?
No. It publishes research that employers, unions and public bodies can use.
RapportiContribuisci

Contribuisci con evidenze da questa pagina.

Rapporti is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

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