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GCRI · Agency

志愿与专业角色

Expertise reaches institutions through staff, consultants, seconded personnel, interns and volunteers. Each relationship carries different rights, duties, pay, liability and ownership of work. When the boundaries blur, people lose protection, institutions take on unplanned liability and the legal status of outputs becomes uncertain. This page sets out how engagement types differ, how misclassification arises and spreads, and what the institutions that engage people need to keep clear.

01画布

工作如何开展。

系统 · 围绕本主题示意

任务与团队看板

Volunteer and professional roles · Assignment pool · Quarter 3

一个团队等待独立审查GCRI · Agency

任务

申请02
洪灾恢复规划支持国家团队 A
数据系统审查机构 B
范围界定01
热健康计划审查6 专家提议
独立性核查01
供水单位审计声明待定
现场01
早期预警评估第 4 周,共 10 周
收尾01
农业数据审计审查已签署

团队记录

团队负责人灾害风险管理未声明已确认
水文学家洪水建模已声明,已管理已确认
数据工程师管道未声明已受邀
审稿人独立未声明已确认

范围

请求方
提出请求的机构
持续时间
10 weeks
权限
留在请求方
费用
未注明费用
Assignment and team board: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Volunteer and professional roles.示例名称和示意数值;是设计方案,并非记录或实时系统。

图任务分配与团队看板:示例名称和示意数值,并非记录或实时系统。

02问题

Volunteer and professional roles: how the risk develops.

Clear employment and contribution boundaries. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

机制

Status is misclassified

A consultant who works fixed hours under direct control for years, or a volunteer who does the core work of a paid post, may in law be an employee. Labour authorities look at the facts of the relationship, not its label.

机制

Volunteering displaces paid work

Unpaid roles that substitute for local paid jobs or for staff the institution should hire undermine labour markets and fairness. Volunteering adds value where it complements paid work, with defined tasks and support.

机制

Protection gaps open

Insurance, health and safety coverage, grievance access and safeguarding duties differ by engagement type. A person outside every scheme is exposed, and so is the institution that relied on them.

机制

Disputes cascade

A claim for employment rights, an injury without cover or a dispute over who owns a deliverable can lead to back pay, penalties, unusable outputs and reputational damage that reaches funders and partners.

03地理

东非的人口与危害。

东非的人口密度、夜间灯光和洪水水体,来自 NASA GIBS。每个图层均标有各自日期。

交互式地图需要JavaScript;图层列表和来源见下文。

图层 3

本页面的人口与危害

关于本图层
证据
估计值
来源
世界网格化人口 v4.11(NASA SEDAC(哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN))
提供方
NASA SEDAC(哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN)
许可协议
CC BY 4.0
年份版本
null;基于人口普查的估算,静态(2020)
处理结果
约 1 公里网格
不确定性
基于人口普查的 2020 年每平方公里人口估算,作为风险暴露背景展示;不是受任何危害影响的人数。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
观测
来源
VIIRS Black Marble(VNP46A2)(NASA LAADS DAAC)
提供方
NASA LAADS DAAC
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;卫星辐射亮度,已校正月光和大气影响
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-12
处理结果
约 500 米网格
不确定性
所示日期的卫星夜间辐射亮度;灯光是用电和停电的替代指标,并非对供应或获得电力情况的测量。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
观测(云层造成缺口)
来源
VIIRS 全球洪水产品(NASA LANCE)
提供方
NASA LANCE
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;卫星探测;云层造成缺口
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-14
处理结果
约 250 米网格
不确定性
卫星探测;云层造成缺口。卫星或模型栅格数据,按提供方发布的原样呈现。云层、条带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声;数值是指标,而非某地的测量值。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
观测
来源
VIIRS NOAA-20 校正反射率(NASA LANCE)
提供方
NASA LANCE
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;卫星图像
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-14
处理结果
约 250 米网格
不确定性
卫星图像。卫星或模型栅格数据,按提供方发布的原样呈现。云层、条带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声;数值是指标,而非某地的测量值。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
模型生成(GIBS 发布的最新年份)
来源
MODIS Terra 和 Aqua 土地覆盖(MCD12Q1)(NASA LP DAAC)
提供方
NASA LP DAAC
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每年;卫星分类;GIBS 发布的最新年份
构建时的最新内容
2024-01-01
处理结果
约 500 米网格
不确定性
所示年份的卫星土地覆盖类别,含农田;该分类存在已知误差,并非农场登记册。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
观测(云层造成缺口)
来源
MODIS Terra EVI(NASA LANCE)
提供方
NASA LANCE
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;卫星指数;云层造成缺口
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-13
处理结果
约 250 米网格
不确定性
截至所示日期 8 天的卫星植被指数,是栖息地状况指标;不衡量物种或生物多样性。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问

最新可用

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap贡献者 (ODbL) · Natural Earth

正在加载最新的NASA影像。

拖动以移动。按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动、双指缩放或使用按钮缩放;悬停可查看指针下的数值;重置可返回该区域。

人口与危害,以东非为取景。NASA 发布的卫星和模型产品,各带自己的日期。它们是指标,而非对任何地点的评估。

数据:NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap 贡献者 · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT来源与许可

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). 采用 CC BY 4.0 许可。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
  • VIIRS Black Marble 夜间灯光,NASA 戈达德航天中心;由 NASA Level-1 与大气档案和分发系统(LAADS DAAC)分发;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • VIIRS 近实时产品(洪水、地表温度、积雪覆盖、校正反射率),NASA LANCE;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • MODIS 陆地产品(植被指数、总初级生产力、土地覆盖),NASA LP DAAC 和 LANCE;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • ASTER GDEM 是 METI 和 NASA 的产品(ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003,NASA LP DAAC);影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。引用格式:NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA 开放数据
  • 使用 Natural Earth 制作。免费矢量和栅格地图数据,见 naturalearthdata.com。 公有领域
  • © OpenStreetMap 贡献者(ODbL),经由 NASA GIBS(海岸线、边界、道路和地名)。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 ODbL
  • Blue Marble,NASA Earth Observatory;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • 地球仪和平面地图上的背景信息:海岸线、边界、道路和地名来自 NASA GIBS 参考图层(OpenStreetMap 数据,ODbL,© OpenStreetMap contributors);Blue Marble 影像可作为可选底图;3D 地形和高程读数来自 ASTER GDEM 高程色彩指数(5 m 至 200 m 分级,为便于辨识而作了夸张处理)。边界按已发布的样式绘制,不代表对任何领土的立场。
  • 实时事件:NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker(EONET);事件仅供参考,并保留其原始来源链接。
  • 实时:NASA EONET。事件仅供参考,不是主管机构的预警。
  • Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • 可选图层(图层列表中有 5 个来源:实时、预报、观测和背景)在打开时会在地图上和此处显示其提供方署名;预报为模型输出,派生指数为估计值。

图层与日期

  • 人口密度,2020 年:人口:哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN,世界网格化人口 v4.11(2018),NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · 静态
  • 夜间灯光,每日:VIIRS Black Marble(VNP46A2),NASA LAADS DAAC · 2026年10月12日
  • 洪水水体,3 日合成:VIIRS 全球洪水产品,NASA LANCE · 2026年10月14日
  • 真彩色:VIIRS NOAA-20 校正反射率,NASA LANCE · 2026年10月13日
  • 土地覆盖类型(IGBP),年度:MODIS Terra 和 Aqua 土地覆盖(MCD12Q1),NASA LP DAAC · 2024
  • 增强型植被指数,滚动 8 天:MODIS Terra EVI,NASA LANCE · 2026年10月13日

04In the five domains

Roles are defined the same way in every domain.

Role records are designed to carry contextual identifiers under NS-9 of the proposed Nexus Standards. Volunteer roles follow decent work principles; no role is unpaid professional work in disguise.

  • Role descriptions for review.
  • Volunteer experience accounts.
05孪生与级联模拟器

Model volunteer and professional roles as a system. Run the cascade.

Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile 减少灾害风险: the hazards it names, the 系统 and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.

灾害

  • 热带气旋
  • 山洪
  • 热浪
  • 冰塞洪水
  • 艾滋病毒流行
  • 地震
  • 风暴潮(在下游引发)
  • 强降雨(在下游引发)
  • 河流洪水(在下游引发)
  • 危险海浪(在下游引发)
  • 大范围停电(在下游引发)
  • 大规模流离失所(在下游引发)
  • 沿海洪水(在下游引发)
  • 极端火险天气(在下游引发)
  • 野火 (在下游引发)
  • 高温导致的电网压力(在下游引发)
  • 农业干旱(在下游引发)
  • 骤发干旱(在下游引发)

控制措施

  • NS-0 章程与原则
  • NS-1 维持社会运转的 UNI 与制品目录(语法 v0.2:领域、部门、区域和环境分段)
  • NS-3 风险记录 UNI(语法、旧编码对照、分配机构)
  • NS-3b 数据集与产品元数据规范(STAC、DCAT、PROV-O)
  • NS-9 情境 UNI(部署、实例、计划实例)
  • NS-11 验证与监测(证据、证明、零信任符合性观测)
  • NS-14 符合性及与外部标准的对照
  • NRS-C15 损失、损害与影响核算
  • NRS-H114 危害类别:宏观经济与财政冲击(NHS-1 soc.macro-fiscal)
  • NRS-K20 领域包规范:气候适应(DOMAIN-020)
  • NRS-H54 危害类别:信号与平台中断(NHS-1 cyber.platform)
  • NRS-H65 危害类别:超越行星边界(NHS-1 planet.boundary)
  • NRS-H119 危害类别:文化遗产损失(NHS-1 soc.heritage)

观测

  • DesInventar 灾害损失数据库(仅列作参考)
  • INFORM Risk Index(仅列作参考)
  • 全球可持续发展目标指标数据库(仅列作参考)
  • EM-DAT 国际灾害数据库(仅列作参考)
  • 每100,000人中因灾害死亡和失踪的人数
  • 每100,000人中因灾害直接受影响的人数
  • 灾害造成的直接经济损失与全球国内生产总值之比
  • 灾害造成的关键基础设施损坏
  • 采纳并实施国家减少灾害风险战略的国家数目
  • 为国家减少灾害风险行动提供的国际公共支持总额(仙台指标 F-1)
  • 拥有多灾种预警系统的国家数目
  • 每100,000人中因灾害死亡、失踪和直接受影响的人数

示例地理范围

  • 孟加拉国:134 个六边形单元
  • 过去半小时降雨率(IMERG),NASA GIBS
  • 穿透云层的地表水,30 m(OPERA DSWx-S1 雷达),NASA GIBS
  • 白天地表气温(AIRS),NASA GIBS
  • 今夜夜间灯光与停电(VIIRS 昼夜波段),NASA GIBS
06指标

衡量什么,以及衡量得如何。

每个指标都注明其单位、频率、背后的来源类型以及数值将附带的证据标签。此处不显示数值:数值由计划依据其自身权限提供。

指标单位节奏来源类型标签
Engagements with written terms stating the engagement typepercent of engagements每季度Engagement records已报告
Volunteer roles with defined tasks, time commitment and supervisorpercent of volunteer roles年度Volunteer management records已报告
Consultants engaged continuously beyond the defined termcount of persons年度Contract records已发布统计
Engagements with insurance and duty-of-care cover by typepercent of engagements年度Insurance and human resource records已报告
Engagements with intellectual property terms in writingpercent of engagements年度Contract records已报告
Volunteer work ratepercent of working-age populationper surveyLabour force surveys已发布统计
Grievances and disputes by engagement type计数年度Grievance and legal records已报告
07方法与证据

How volunteer and professional roles is modelled, measured and tested.

模型、其假设、数据和不确定性,以科学家或工程师会核查的形式呈现。结构遵循已发表的方法。所取数值仅为示意,不是研究发现。

数据集与来源追溯

The data classes behind volunteer and professional roles and what is recorded about each before it is used.

数据类别已记录溯源已说明分辨率许可已核查
卫星影像,光学与雷达传感器、处理级别、获取日期像元大小和重访周期每景
再分析与气候模式输出模型、实验、成员、版本格网与时间步长每次发布
原位传感器和测量站测站、仪器、校准记录点位与采样率每个网络
人口与资产暴露方法、版本年份、输入来源单元大小和单位每次发布
边界与参考地理制作者、版本、日期比例尺每个版本
沿袭
从来源到图表的 W3C PROV 记录
原则
FAIR:可查找、可访问、可互操作、可复用
缺口
显示为缺失,绝不悄然填充
数据类别及为每类记录的来源追溯字段;数据集只有在其许可允许该用途之后才按名称列出。
FAIR 指导原则 · GO FAIR 和 FORCE11W3C PROV · 万维网联盟关于一致处理不确定性的指南 · IPCCCEOS 分析就绪数据 · 地球观测卫星委员会
08来源

证据来自何处。

具名公共数据集与机构记录,各自注明许可类别。依协议获得的来源仅按其条款使用,绝不再次发布。

来源它提供什么许可类别
ILOSTAT volunteer work statisticsSurvey-based measures of volunteer work by country开放,须署名
ILO Manual on the Measurement of Volunteer WorkDefinitions and survey methods that distinguish volunteer work from employmentPublic document, ILO terms
UN Volunteers programme reports报告 on volunteer engagement, conditions of service and the state of volunteeringPublic documents
UN Joint Inspection Unit reviews of non-staff personnelFindings on the use of consultants and other non-staff contracts in UN organisationsPublic documents
National labour inspection reportsEnforcement findings on employment status and working conditionsPublic records, terms per inspectorate
09决定

由谁决定,以及证据服务于什么。

Agency prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

谁来决定问题本页面服务的证据
Human resources function of the engaging institutionWhich engagement type fits the work, and when a role must become a postEngagement-type matrix; duration and control of the role in practice
National labour inspectorate or labour courtWhether a relationship is in fact employmentFacts of control, integration, duration and pay, as recorded
Volunteer-involving organisationWhether a volunteer role complements paid work and is safe and supportedRole description, supervision and cover
Funding agencyWhether personnel costs charged to a grant reflect lawful engagementsContracts, timesheets and engagement terms

该主题产生的产出

  • Engagement-type matrices showing rights, duties, cover and ownership for each type
  • Volunteer role descriptions that set tasks, limits and supervision
  • Status review prompts for long-running consultancies
  • Contribution records that state who did what under which terms
10核心问题

What every contributor should know.

  • In what capacity am I contributing: voluntary, paid, seconded or as a learner?
  • Who is my counterparty, if anyone, and on what terms?
  • Who owns and may use what I produce?
  • What am I responsible for, and what am I not?
11机制

Why ambiguity causes harm.

When roles are unclear, volunteers can end up doing work that should be paid, learners can be given responsibilities beyond their competence and professionals can find their liability uncertain. Ambiguity also creates legal risk: depending on jurisdiction, sustained unpaid work under direction can be treated as employment.

Clear boundaries protect contributors and hosts alike, and make it possible to recognise contributions honestly without overstating them.

12Capacities

The main ways people contribute.

  1. 01

    Working group members

    Experts contributing by competence through the National Working Groups (NWG), with no fee.

  2. 02

    Volunteers

    Bounded contributions, recorded as such, without direction that would amount to employment.

  3. 03

    专业人士

    Paid assignments under written terms that name the contracting organisation.

  4. 04

    Secondees

    Staff contributed by their institution under its own terms.

  5. 05

    学员

    Supervised placements with a mentor and a learning plan. A learning record is never a licence. Role design draws on 系统工程.

13方法

如何研究,以及方法无法说明的内容。

  1. 不确定性下的决策分析专家匹配度的多准则评估 · 部署前的信息价值在此应用
  2. 系统工程将职责范围追溯至交付成果 · 多学科团队中的接口管理在此应用
14Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

阅读本页时所对照的机构和文件。状态和版本会变化;每个链接都指向发布机构。

15问题

问题与解答。

What decides whether someone is an employee?
In most systems, the facts of the relationship: control over how and when work is done, integration into the organisation, duration, and pay. The ILO Employment Relationship Recommendation sets out these indicators.
When is volunteering appropriate in technical work?
When it complements paid work, has defined tasks and limits, is supervised and covered, and does not replace a post that should be paid. Reserved professional acts still need a licensed professional.
Who owns work produced by a volunteer?
Whoever the written terms say. Without terms, ownership follows national law and may stay with the volunteer, which can prevent the institution from using the output.
Can my capacity change during an engagement?
Yes, but only by written agreement. A volunteer asked to take on paid-level responsibility, for example, is offered new terms rather than an informal extension.
Do working group members get paid?
Ordinary participation in National Working Groups (NWG) carries no fee. Paid work is offered only under separate written terms.
Does volunteering lead to employment?
No. Volunteering is not a route to employment and creates no expectation of it.
Who owns what volunteers produce?
The terms of each contribution state ownership and licensing. Contributors are credited for what they did.
Can a learner placement count towards a professional qualification?
Only if the relevant professional body decides so under its own rules. Agency records what was done and under whose supervision; it makes no claim about qualification.
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