GCRI · Agency
志愿与专业角色
Expertise reaches institutions through staff, consultants, seconded personnel, interns and volunteers. Each relationship carries different rights, duties, pay, liability and ownership of work. When the boundaries blur, people lose protection, institutions take on unplanned liability and the legal status of outputs becomes uncertain. This page sets out how engagement types differ, how misclassification arises and spreads, and what the institutions that engage people need to keep clear.
工作如何开展。
任务与团队看板
Volunteer and professional roles · Assignment pool · Quarter 3
任务
团队记录
| 团队负责人 | 灾害风险管理 | 未声明 | 已确认 |
| 水文学家 | 洪水建模 | 已声明,已管理 | 已确认 |
| 数据工程师 | 管道 | 未声明 | 已受邀 |
| 审稿人 | 独立 | 未声明 | 已确认 |
范围
- 请求方
- 提出请求的机构
- 持续时间
- 10 weeks
- 权限
- 留在请求方
- 费用
- 未注明费用
图任务分配与团队看板:示例名称和示意数值,并非记录或实时系统。
Volunteer and professional roles: how the risk develops.
Clear employment and contribution boundaries. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.
Status is misclassified
A consultant who works fixed hours under direct control for years, or a volunteer who does the core work of a paid post, may in law be an employee. Labour authorities look at the facts of the relationship, not its label.
Volunteering displaces paid work
Unpaid roles that substitute for local paid jobs or for staff the institution should hire undermine labour markets and fairness. Volunteering adds value where it complements paid work, with defined tasks and support.
Protection gaps open
Insurance, health and safety coverage, grievance access and safeguarding duties differ by engagement type. A person outside every scheme is exposed, and so is the institution that relied on them.
Disputes cascade
A claim for employment rights, an injury without cover or a dispute over who owns a deliverable can lead to back pay, penalties, unusable outputs and reputational damage that reaches funders and partners.
东非的人口与危害。
东非的人口密度、夜间灯光和洪水水体,来自 NASA GIBS。每个图层均标有各自日期。
交互式地图需要JavaScript;图层列表和来源见下文。
图层 3
本页面的人口与危害
关于本图层
- 证据
- 估计值
- 来源
- 世界网格化人口 v4.11(NASA SEDAC(哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN))
- 提供方
- NASA SEDAC(哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN)
- 许可协议
- CC BY 4.0
- 年份版本
- null;基于人口普查的估算,静态(2020)
- 处理结果
- 约 1 公里网格
- 不确定性
- 基于人口普查的 2020 年每平方公里人口估算,作为风险暴露背景展示;不是受任何危害影响的人数。
- 经由以下途径到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
- 证据
- 观测
- 来源
- VIIRS Black Marble(VNP46A2)(NASA LAADS DAAC)
- 提供方
- NASA LAADS DAAC
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每日;卫星辐射亮度,已校正月光和大气影响
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2026-10-12
- 处理结果
- 约 500 米网格
- 不确定性
- 所示日期的卫星夜间辐射亮度;灯光是用电和停电的替代指标,并非对供应或获得电力情况的测量。
- 经由以下途径到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
- 证据
- 观测(云层造成缺口)
- 来源
- VIIRS 全球洪水产品(NASA LANCE)
- 提供方
- NASA LANCE
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每日;卫星探测;云层造成缺口
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2026-10-14
- 处理结果
- 约 250 米网格
- 不确定性
- 卫星探测;云层造成缺口。卫星或模型栅格数据,按提供方发布的原样呈现。云层、条带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声;数值是指标,而非某地的测量值。
- 经由以下途径到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
- 证据
- 观测
- 来源
- VIIRS NOAA-20 校正反射率(NASA LANCE)
- 提供方
- NASA LANCE
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每日;卫星图像
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2026-10-14
- 处理结果
- 约 250 米网格
- 不确定性
- 卫星图像。卫星或模型栅格数据,按提供方发布的原样呈现。云层、条带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声;数值是指标,而非某地的测量值。
- 经由以下途径到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
- 证据
- 模型生成(GIBS 发布的最新年份)
- 来源
- MODIS Terra 和 Aqua 土地覆盖(MCD12Q1)(NASA LP DAAC)
- 提供方
- NASA LP DAAC
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每年;卫星分类;GIBS 发布的最新年份
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2024-01-01
- 处理结果
- 约 500 米网格
- 不确定性
- 所示年份的卫星土地覆盖类别,含农田;该分类存在已知误差,并非农场登记册。
- 经由以下途径到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
- 证据
- 观测(云层造成缺口)
- 来源
- MODIS Terra EVI(NASA LANCE)
- 提供方
- NASA LANCE
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每日;卫星指数;云层造成缺口
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2026-10-13
- 处理结果
- 约 250 米网格
- 不确定性
- 截至所示日期 8 天的卫星植被指数,是栖息地状况指标;不衡量物种或生物多样性。
- 经由以下途径到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
键盘操作,地图获得焦点时
按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动以缩放
最新可用
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap贡献者 (ODbL) · Natural Earth
正在加载最新的NASA影像。
拖动以移动。按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动、双指缩放或使用按钮缩放;悬停可查看指针下的数值;重置可返回该区域。
人口与危害,以东非为取景。NASA 发布的卫星和模型产品,各带自己的日期。它们是指标,而非对任何地点的评估。
数据:NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap 贡献者 · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT来源与许可
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). 采用 CC BY 4.0 许可。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
- VIIRS Black Marble 夜间灯光,NASA 戈达德航天中心;由 NASA Level-1 与大气档案和分发系统(LAADS DAAC)分发;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
- VIIRS 近实时产品(洪水、地表温度、积雪覆盖、校正反射率),NASA LANCE;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
- MODIS 陆地产品(植被指数、总初级生产力、土地覆盖),NASA LP DAAC 和 LANCE;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
- ASTER GDEM 是 METI 和 NASA 的产品(ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003,NASA LP DAAC);影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。引用格式:NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA 开放数据
- 使用 Natural Earth 制作。免费矢量和栅格地图数据,见 naturalearthdata.com。 公有领域
- © OpenStreetMap 贡献者(ODbL),经由 NASA GIBS(海岸线、边界、道路和地名)。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 ODbL
- Blue Marble,NASA Earth Observatory;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
- 地球仪和平面地图上的背景信息:海岸线、边界、道路和地名来自 NASA GIBS 参考图层(OpenStreetMap 数据,ODbL,© OpenStreetMap contributors);Blue Marble 影像可作为可选底图;3D 地形和高程读数来自 ASTER GDEM 高程色彩指数(5 m 至 200 m 分级,为便于辨识而作了夸张处理)。边界按已发布的样式绘制,不代表对任何领土的立场。
- 实时事件:NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker(EONET);事件仅供参考,并保留其原始来源链接。
- 实时:NASA EONET。事件仅供参考,不是主管机构的预警。
- Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- 可选图层(图层列表中有 5 个来源:实时、预报、观测和背景)在打开时会在地图上和此处显示其提供方署名;预报为模型输出,派生指数为估计值。
图层与日期
- 人口密度,2020 年:人口:哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN,世界网格化人口 v4.11(2018),NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · 静态
- 夜间灯光,每日:VIIRS Black Marble(VNP46A2),NASA LAADS DAAC · 2026年10月12日
- 洪水水体,3 日合成:VIIRS 全球洪水产品,NASA LANCE · 2026年10月14日
- 真彩色:VIIRS NOAA-20 校正反射率,NASA LANCE · 2026年10月13日
- 土地覆盖类型(IGBP),年度:MODIS Terra 和 Aqua 土地覆盖(MCD12Q1),NASA LP DAAC · 2024
- 增强型植被指数,滚动 8 天:MODIS Terra EVI,NASA LANCE · 2026年10月13日
Roles are defined the same way in every domain.
Role records are designed to carry contextual identifiers under NS-9 of the proposed Nexus Standards. Volunteer roles follow decent work principles; no role is unpaid professional work in disguise.
- Role descriptions for review.
- Volunteer experience accounts.
Model volunteer and professional roles as a system. Run the cascade.
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile 减少灾害风险: the hazards it names, the 系统 and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
灾害
系统与耦合
- 减少灾害风险
- 水文气象危害标准 机制
- 早期预警与预期行动 机制
- 灾害与气候风险融资 反馈
- 城市与城市系统风险标准 机制
控制措施
NS-0章程与原则NS-1维持社会运转的 UNI 与制品目录(语法 v0.2:领域、部门、区域和环境分段)NS-3风险记录 UNI(语法、旧编码对照、分配机构)NS-3b数据集与产品元数据规范(STAC、DCAT、PROV-O)NS-9情境 UNI(部署、实例、计划实例)NS-11验证与监测(证据、证明、零信任符合性观测)NS-14符合性及与外部标准的对照NRS-C15损失、损害与影响核算NRS-H114危害类别:宏观经济与财政冲击(NHS-1 soc.macro-fiscal)NRS-K20领域包规范:气候适应(DOMAIN-020)NRS-H54危害类别:信号与平台中断(NHS-1 cyber.platform)NRS-H65危害类别:超越行星边界(NHS-1 planet.boundary)NRS-H119危害类别:文化遗产损失(NHS-1 soc.heritage)
观测
- DesInventar 灾害损失数据库(仅列作参考)
- INFORM Risk Index(仅列作参考)
- 全球可持续发展目标指标数据库(仅列作参考)
- EM-DAT 国际灾害数据库(仅列作参考)
- 每100,000人中因灾害死亡和失踪的人数
- 每100,000人中因灾害直接受影响的人数
- 灾害造成的直接经济损失与全球国内生产总值之比
- 灾害造成的关键基础设施损坏
- 采纳并实施国家减少灾害风险战略的国家数目
- 为国家减少灾害风险行动提供的国际公共支持总额(仙台指标 F-1)
- 拥有多灾种预警系统的国家数目
- 每100,000人中因灾害死亡、失踪和直接受影响的人数
示例地理范围
- 孟加拉国:134 个六边形单元
- 过去半小时降雨率(IMERG),NASA GIBS
- 穿透云层的地表水,30 m(OPERA DSWx-S1 雷达),NASA GIBS
- 白天地表气温(AIRS),NASA GIBS
- 今夜夜间灯光与停电(VIIRS 昼夜波段),NASA GIBS
衡量什么,以及衡量得如何。
每个指标都注明其单位、频率、背后的来源类型以及数值将附带的证据标签。此处不显示数值:数值由计划依据其自身权限提供。
| 指标 | 单位 | 节奏 | 来源类型 | 标签 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engagements with written terms stating the engagement type | percent of engagements | 每季度 | Engagement records | 已报告 |
| Volunteer roles with defined tasks, time commitment and supervisor | percent of volunteer roles | 年度 | Volunteer management records | 已报告 |
| Consultants engaged continuously beyond the defined term | count of persons | 年度 | Contract records | 已发布统计 |
| Engagements with insurance and duty-of-care cover by type | percent of engagements | 年度 | Insurance and human resource records | 已报告 |
| Engagements with intellectual property terms in writing | percent of engagements | 年度 | Contract records | 已报告 |
| Volunteer work rate | percent of working-age population | per survey | Labour force surveys | 已发布统计 |
| Grievances and disputes by engagement type | 计数 | 年度 | Grievance and legal records | 已报告 |
How volunteer and professional roles is modelled, measured and tested.
模型、其假设、数据和不确定性,以科学家或工程师会核查的形式呈现。结构遵循已发表的方法。所取数值仅为示意,不是研究发现。
数据集与来源追溯
The data classes behind volunteer and professional roles and what is recorded about each before it is used.
| 数据类别 | 已记录溯源 | 已说明分辨率 | 许可已核查 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 卫星影像,光学与雷达 | 传感器、处理级别、获取日期 | 像元大小和重访周期 | 每景 |
| 再分析与气候模式输出 | 模型、实验、成员、版本 | 格网与时间步长 | 每次发布 |
| 原位传感器和测量站 | 测站、仪器、校准记录 | 点位与采样率 | 每个网络 |
| 人口与资产暴露 | 方法、版本年份、输入来源 | 单元大小和单位 | 每次发布 |
| 边界与参考地理 | 制作者、版本、日期 | 比例尺 | 每个版本 |
- 沿袭
- 从来源到图表的 W3C PROV 记录
- 原则
- FAIR:可查找、可访问、可互操作、可复用
- 缺口
- 显示为缺失,绝不悄然填充
证据来自何处。
具名公共数据集与机构记录,各自注明许可类别。依协议获得的来源仅按其条款使用,绝不再次发布。
| 来源 | 它提供什么 | 许可类别 |
|---|---|---|
| ILOSTAT volunteer work statistics | Survey-based measures of volunteer work by country | 开放,须署名 |
| ILO Manual on the Measurement of Volunteer Work | Definitions and survey methods that distinguish volunteer work from employment | Public document, ILO terms |
| UN Volunteers programme reports | 报告 on volunteer engagement, conditions of service and the state of volunteering | Public documents |
| UN Joint Inspection Unit reviews of non-staff personnel | Findings on the use of consultants and other non-staff contracts in UN organisations | Public documents |
| National labour inspection reports | Enforcement findings on employment status and working conditions | Public records, terms per inspectorate |
由谁决定,以及证据服务于什么。
Agency prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.
| 谁来决定 | 问题 | 本页面服务的证据 |
|---|---|---|
| Human resources function of the engaging institution | Which engagement type fits the work, and when a role must become a post | Engagement-type matrix; duration and control of the role in practice |
| National labour inspectorate or labour court | Whether a relationship is in fact employment | Facts of control, integration, duration and pay, as recorded |
| Volunteer-involving organisation | Whether a volunteer role complements paid work and is safe and supported | Role description, supervision and cover |
| Funding agency | Whether personnel costs charged to a grant reflect lawful engagements | Contracts, timesheets and engagement terms |
该主题产生的产出
- Engagement-type matrices showing rights, duties, cover and ownership for each type
- Volunteer role descriptions that set tasks, limits and supervision
- Status review prompts for long-running consultancies
- Contribution records that state who did what under which terms
What every contributor should know.
- In what capacity am I contributing: voluntary, paid, seconded or as a learner?
- Who is my counterparty, if anyone, and on what terms?
- Who owns and may use what I produce?
- What am I responsible for, and what am I not?
Why ambiguity causes harm.
When roles are unclear, volunteers can end up doing work that should be paid, learners can be given responsibilities beyond their competence and professionals can find their liability uncertain. Ambiguity also creates legal risk: depending on jurisdiction, sustained unpaid work under direction can be treated as employment.
Clear boundaries protect contributors and hosts alike, and make it possible to recognise contributions honestly without overstating them.
The main ways people contribute.
- 01
Working group members
Experts contributing by competence through the National Working Groups (NWG), with no fee.
- 02
Volunteers
Bounded contributions, recorded as such, without direction that would amount to employment.
- 03
专业人士
Paid assignments under written terms that name the contracting organisation.
- 04
Secondees
Staff contributed by their institution under its own terms.
- 05
学员
Supervised placements with a mentor and a learning plan. A learning record is never a licence. Role design draws on 系统工程.
Where this page’s references lead.
阅读本页时所对照的机构和文件。状态和版本会变化;每个链接都指向发布机构。
问题与解答。
What decides whether someone is an employee?
When is volunteering appropriate in technical work?
Who owns work produced by a volunteer?
Can my capacity change during an engagement?
Do working group members get paid?
Does volunteering lead to employment?
Who owns what volunteers produce?
Can a learner placement count towards a professional qualification?
从本页贡献证据。
Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
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- 报告GCRI查看所有贡献方式贡献类型、各自的评审方式、您获得的署名、许可协议,以及绝不接受的内容。
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