Sample size and power planning
The smallest effect worth detecting is set from prior evidence or practical relevance, and the sample is sized to detect it with stated power, or to estimate it with stated precision, before recruitment begins.
GCRI · Labs
Probability and statistics decide what a study can conclude: how large a sample must be, where signal ends and noise begins, how big and how precise an effect is. They are also a common source of failure, through underpowered designs, misread significance tests and analytic flexibility, which is why this lab treats statistical planning as part of the protocol.
Probability and statistics provide the mathematical framework for describing uncertainty and learning from data. They underpin estimation, testing and prediction in every risk discipline. In research and evidence, methods and modelling and innovation, statistical methods quantify the likelihood and uncertainty of losses across interconnected sistemas. They make the evidence behind risk decisions explicit and reproducible. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.
The smallest effect worth detecting is set from prior evidence or practical relevance, and the sample is sized to detect it with stated power, or to estimate it with stated precision, before recruitment begins.
Effects from many studies are pooled with random-effects models, heterogeneity is examined, and funnel plots and selection models test whether small-study effects or publication bias distort the pooled estimate.
Every defensible combination of exclusions, covariates and outcome definitions is run and reported together, so readers see how far a conclusion depends on analytic choices.
El modelo, sus supuestos, sus datos y su incertidumbre, en la forma en que un científico o un ingeniero los comprobaría. Las estructuras siguen métodos publicados. Los valores representados son ilustrativos, no hallazgos.
The model structure used for statistics for research design, the assumptions it makes and how each is tested.
Ri = f(Hi, Ei, Vi, Ci)amenaza, exposición, vulnerabilidad y capacidad de afrontamientoEAL = ∑k pk · Lksobre los eventos k con probabilidad anual pkxt+1 = A xt + B ut + εtA carries the couplings, u the shock, ε the error| Supuesto | Por qué se hace | Cómo se prueba |
|---|---|---|
| La amenaza y la exposición son independientes dentro de un evento | Mantiene manejable la integral de pérdidas | Comparar con un ajuste de cópula sobre registros conjuntos |
| Los acoplamientos son lineales cerca del punto de operación | Permite que las perturbaciones se propaguen a través de A | Perturbar más allá del rango lineal y comparar |
| Las curvas de vulnerabilidad se transfieren entre lugares | Las curvas locales rara vez están disponibles | Validar frente a las pérdidas observadas cuando existan |
Datasets and records used by probability and statistics on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in el registro de fuentes.
| Datos | Función | Etiqueta |
|---|---|---|
| Registered analysis plans | Fixing hypotheses and tests in advance | DECLARADO |
| Raw experiment and trial data | Re-analysis and diagnostic checks | OBSERVADO |
| Published effect sizes | Meta-analytic pooling | NOTIFICADO |
| Simulation studies | Power and error-rate planning | MODELADO |
Process explorer · Process
10 steps·5 etapas
Proceso
Los modelos de catástrofes suelen tener módulos de amenaza, vulnerabilidad, exposición y financiero, y producen tablas de pérdidas, la pérdida anual media, curvas de excedencia, la PML y el TVaR.
Esquema de una norma o un método externos, a partir de sus fuentes públicas. Describe lo que dice el marco, no un registro de ninguna ejecución. No demuestra que Nexus ni ningún socio realice, certifique o apruebe un paso. Una puerta es un paso del método, nunca una aprobación de Nexus.
Results are checked through diagnostics, cross-validation and sensitivity to assumptions. Independent replication confirms findings.
| Verificación | Cómo se hace |
|---|---|
| Planned versus reported tests | Every reported test is matched to the plan; unplanned tests are labelled exploratory |
| Assumption diagnostics | Residuals, independence and distributional assumptions are checked and reported |
| Multiplicity control | Corrections or hierarchical testing are applied where many outcomes or subgroups are tested |
| Independent re-analysis | A second analyst reproduces key estimates from the raw data |
Inference depends on assumptions about independence, distribution and sampling that may not hold. Small or biased samples limit reliability.
Ciencia de sistemas y modelización stewards probability and statistics for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
serie Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
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