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GCRI · Quantentechnologien

Post-Quanten-Kryptografie

Post-quantum cryptography replaces public-key algorithms that a future quantum computer could break with new classical algorithms designed to resist it. NIST has published standards, protocols are being updated, and organisations face a long migration across software, hardware and certificates. This page sets out the new algorithms, how migration is planned and measured, and what evidence serves the organisations and agencies carrying it out.

01Registrieren

Post quantum cryptography on the record.

02Die Frage

Post quantum cryptography: how the risk develops.

Transition security and algorithm standards. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mechanismus

New hard problems

Post-quantum algorithms rely on mathematical problems, such as those on lattices or hash functions, for which no efficient quantum attack is known.

Mechanismus

Larger keys and signatures

Many post-quantum schemes use larger keys or signatures than current ones, affecting bandwidth, storage and constrained devices.

Mechanismus

Hybrid modes hedge risk

Combining a classical and a post-quantum algorithm keeps security if one is later broken, a common choice during transition.

Mechanismus

Agility eases future change

System designed to swap algorithms easily reduce the cost of this migration and the next one.

03Monitoring

Tracker der Post-Quanten-Migration.

Die Ansicht, die ein Team nutzen würde, um dieses Thema zu verfolgen: seine Messgrößen, Zustände und Entscheidungen. Namen sind Beispiele, Werte sind illustrativ.

Tracker der Post-Quanten-Migration

Post quantum cryptography · Crypto inventory · Wave 3

Langlebige Daten gefährdetGCRI · Quantentechnologien

Migration

  1. Bestandalle Kryptografie
  2. PriorisierenDatenlebensdauer
  3. AuswählenStandardalgorithmen
  4. Hybrider Einsatzklassisch und PQC
  5. TestenInteroperabilität
  6. Umschaltenaußer Betrieb nehmen

Systeme nach Priorität

ArchivsignierungRSA-204829ML-DSA hybridPilotierung
VPN-GatewayECDH8ML-KEM hybridGeplant
Zahlungs-HSMRSA-307211Anbieter-RoadmapBlockiert
Web-TLSECDHE2Hybrider SchlüsselaustauschErledigt

Fortschritt

Inventarisiert, %74 of 100 requiredHybrid eingesetzt, %19 of 50 requiredAußer Betrieb, %5 of 25 required
Post-quantum migration tracker: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Post quantum cryptography.Beispielnamen und beispielhafte Werte; ein Entwurf, kein Eintrag und kein Live-System.
04Domänenübergreifend

Every domain that keeps secrets for decades must migrate.

05Methoden und Evidenz

How post quantum cryptography is modelled, measured and tested.

Das Modell, seine Annahmen, seine Daten und seine Unsicherheit in der Form, in der eine Wissenschaftlerin oder ein Ingenieur sie prüfen würde. Die Strukturen folgen veröffentlichten Methoden. Die dargestellten Werte sind illustrativ, keine Befunde.

Systemmodell

The couplings between the systems in post quantum cryptography: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+QuantenCyberGemeinschaftenWirtschaftR verstärkendB ausgleichend
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
FAIR-Leitprinzipien · GO FAIR und FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumHinweise zur einheitlichen Behandlung von Unsicherheiten · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
06Indikatoren

Was gemessen wird und wie gut.

Jeder Indikator trägt seine Einheit, seinen Rhythmus, die Art der zugrunde liegenden Quelle und die Evidenzkennzeichnung, die ein Wert tragen würde. Es werden keine Werte gezeigt: Ein Programm liefert sie unter seiner eigenen Autorität.

IndikatorEinheitTaktQuellentypKennzeichnung
Standardised post-quantum algorithmsAnzahlper standard releaseNIST and other standards bodiesVeröffentlichte Statistiken
Protocols with post-quantum support specifiedAnzahlje BewertungIETF and other standardsVeröffentlichte Statistiken
Web traffic using post-quantum key agreementpercent of connectionsmonatlichNetwork measurementsBEOBACHTET
Organisations with migration planspercent of surveyed organisationsper surveySurveysBERICHTET
Cryptanalysis results against candidate schemescount of significant attacksje PrüfungCryptographic literatureBERICHTET
Validated implementationsAnzahljährlichCryptographic module validation listsVeröffentlichte Statistiken
07Quellen

Woher die Evidenz stammt.

Benannte öffentliche Datensätze und institutionelle Aufzeichnungen, jeweils mit ihrer Lizenzklasse. Quellen auf Vereinbarungsbasis werden nur zu ihren Bedingungen genutzt und niemals weiterveröffentlicht.

QuelleWas es liefertLizenzklasse
NIST post-quantum cryptography project and FIPS 203, 204 and 205Standards, documentation and additional selectionsPublic domain, US government
IETF post-quantum and hybrid protocol workIntegration into TLS, SSH and other protocolsOpen, IETF Trust terms
National cyber agency migration guidanceTimelines and prioritiesPublic, terms per agency
Open Quantum Safe projectOpen-source implementations for testingOpen source, MIT licence
Cloudflare Radar and similar measurementsAdoption in web trafficPublic, terms per provider (to check)
08Entscheidungen

Wer entscheidet und wozu die Evidenz dient.

Quantum Technologies prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Wer entscheidetDie FrageEvidenz, der diese Seite dient
Organisations and security teamsWelche Systeme to migrate first and howPlanning guides; performance comparisons
NormungsgremienWhich algorithms and parameters to standardiseCryptanalysis evidence
VendorsWhen and how to ship post-quantum supportAdoption and protocol evidence

Ergebnisse, die dieses Thema hervorbringt

  • Migration planning guides with inventory and prioritisation steps
  • Performance comparisons of standard algorithms
  • Adoption tracking summaries
  • Evidence notes on cryptanalysis of new schemes
09Kernfragen

Was Fachleute fragen.

Migration questions start with an inventory.

  • Where does an organisation use public-key cryptography, in which Systeme, protocols, devices and suppliers?
  • Which data must remain confidential long enough to be at risk from future decryption?
  • Which post-quantum algorithms are standardised, and what are their performance and size trade-offs?
  • Should systems combine classical and post-quantum algorithms during the transition?
  • Can systems change algorithms easily in future, a property known as crypto-agility?
10Mechanismen

Mechanismen und Treiber.

Today’s public-key cryptography rests on mathematical problems, such as factoring large numbers, that are hard for classical computers but could be solved efficiently by a large quantum computer running known algorithms. Symmetric encryption and hash functions are much less affected and can be strengthened by using longer keys. The urgent problem is therefore key exchange and digital signatures.

Two pressures drive timing. The harvest-now, decrypt-later threat means confidential data intercepted today could be read once a capable machine exists. Migration time is long: cryptography is embedded in hardware, firmware, protocols and supply chains, and some devices stay in service for decades. If the time data must stay secret plus the time migration takes exceeds the time until a capable quantum computer exists, data is already at risk.

11Methoden und Daten

Wie es untersucht wird und wo die Methoden enden.

Methode oder DatenWas es zeigtGrenzen
Cryptographic inventory and discovery toolsWhere vulnerable algorithms are usedEmbedded and third-party cryptography is easily missed
Cryptanalysis of candidate algorithmsConfidence in algorithm securityNew algorithms have less analysis history; some candidates were broken during evaluation
Performance and interoperability testingKey sizes, speed and protocol fitResults vary with hardware and implementation
Risk-based migration planningPriorities by data lifetime and system criticalityDepends on uncertain quantum timelines
12Methoden

Wie es untersucht wird und was die Methoden nicht sagen können.

13Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Die Gremien und Dokumente, vor deren Hintergrund diese Seite gelesen wird. Status und Ausgaben ändern sich; jeder Link führt zur herausgebenden Stelle.

15Fragen

Fragen und Antworten.

What did NIST standardise?
In FIPS 203, 204 and 205, a lattice-based key encapsulation mechanism (ML-KEM), a lattice-based signature (ML-DSA) and a hash-based signature (SLH-DSA), with further algorithms in progress.
Is post-quantum cryptography quantum technology?
No. It runs on ordinary computers. It is designed to resist attacks by quantum computers.
Why use hybrid schemes?
Because combining classical and post-quantum algorithms keeps a connection secure if either is later found weak, hedging the risk of new schemes.
Do we need quantum computers to use post-quantum cryptography?
No. Post-quantum algorithms run on ordinary computers and devices. They are designed to be hard to break even for a future quantum computer.
What is a hybrid approach?
Combining a classical and a post-quantum algorithm so that security holds if either remains unbroken. It is used by some during the transition while confidence in new algorithms grows.
Is the platform’s Universe mission theme on migration readiness active?
The registry lists post-quantum migration readiness as a candidate mission theme for this platform. Mission selection is decided by The Global Risks Forum (GRF) within its instruments, and nothing is active until it is on the record.
BerichteBeitragen

Evidenz von dieser Seite aus beitragen.

Berichte is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

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