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GCRITrade and Strategic ResourcesIn development
Trade and Strategic Resources · Field overview

Field overview

The field of trade and strategic resources studies how materials, components, food and energy move from where they are produced to where they are used, and what happens when those flows are interrupted. It draws on trade economics, operations research, geology, materials science, transport engineering and geography. This page defines the field, explains why it matters and shows how it connects to other risks.

Publisher
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation
Field
Trade, resources and supply chains, Industry and robotics
Status
In development
Service level
R0: information and enquiries

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Layers 3

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Latest available

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth

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For field overview, in GCRI's spatial-intelligence reading, the map opens on night lights, population density and true-colour imagery with true colour from NASA GIBS, framed on the Strait of Malacca; every other NASA layer, live feed and forecast waits in the layer list.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date; indicators, not assessments of any place; claim ceiling INTEGRATED.

Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · GDACS · Copernicus Sentinel-2 L2A · NASA HLS S30Sources and licences

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). CC BY 4.0
  • VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
  • © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
  • Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
  • Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
  • Live: GDACS (EC JRC / UN OCHA) Events are indicative, not official warnings.
  • Observed (EO): Copernicus Sentinel-2 L2A (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026), Microsoft Planetary Computer
  • Observed (EO): NASA HLS S30 (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • Optional layers (35 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.

Layers and dates

  • Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
  • Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
  • True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
  • Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC · 2024
  • Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Oct 2026
  • Enhanced vegetation index, rolling 8 days: MODIS Terra EVI, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026

GeographyFor field overview, in GCRI's spatial-intelligence reading, the map opens on night lights, population density and true-colour imagery with true colour from NASA GIBS, framed on the Strait of Malacca; every other NASA layer, live feed and forecast waits in the layer list.

STEM methods
6
Canonical methods this field applies
Topics
8
Subject pages in the field
Counterparts
2
Platforms in shared fields at GCRI, GRF and GRA
Report series
2
Nexus Reports series it contributes to
01In brief

The short answer.

The Trade and Strategic Resources field covers supply networks, trade routes, critical minerals and strategic inputs that underpin industrial and national resilience. Experts in it study questions such as trade corridors and chokepoints and critical minerals, with methods such as network science and contagion as well as optimization and operations research. Its counterparts at GRF and GRA look at the same systems through governance and finance.

02Canvas

One field, three institutions.

Canvas · one field, three institutionsDesign, not a record
One field, three institutions: Trade and Strategic Resources and its counterpartsGCRI studies the field as science, GRF governs and convenes it, GRA builds shared financial understanding; the Nexus Universe tests work across them and the competent authorities decide. Design of the arrangement, not a record.

Fig.How GCRI, GRF and GRA share one field while the authorities decide. Design, not a record.

03Console

Field overview, in outline.

The working screen behind this subject: its structure, terms and states. Names are placeholders and values illustrative.

Field overview: the screen's structure, terms and states for Trade and resources.Placeholder names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.
04Definition

What the field covers.

The field examines supply networks as systems: the nodes where goods are extracted, processed and assembled, the links that carry them by sea, rail, road, air and pipeline, and the rules, contracts and policies that govern those flows. Strategic resources are inputs that are both essential to important activities and hard to replace quickly, such as certain minerals, advanced semiconductors, fertilisers, staple grains and fuels.

Experts in the field ask how concentrated production is, how substitutable each input is, how long a disruption would take to work through, and which users are most exposed.

05Why it matters

Supply shocks reach households, industry and public budgets.

Society

Prices and access

Disruptions raise prices of food, fuel and medicines, with the heaviest burden on lower-income households and import-dependent countries.

Industry

Production stoppages

Missing components halt assembly lines far from the original disruption, across sectors that share an input.

Transitions

Strategic materials

Energy and digital transitions increase demand for minerals whose refining is concentrated in few places.

06What experts study

The main lines of research.

  • Network structure: concentration, centrality and redundancy in supplier and trade networks, studied in supplier concentration.
  • Physical exposure: chokepoints, corridors and logistics capacity, studied in trade corridors and chokepoints and logistics and cold chain.
  • Resources: reserves, refining, substitution and recycling, studied in critical minerals and semiconductors and components.
  • Policy and markets: export restrictions, industrial policy and market transmission, studied in geoeconomics and fragmentation.
  • Standards and limits: environmental and labour conditions along the chain, studied in responsible sourcing.
07Key terms

Terms used on this page.

Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.

TermDefinition
ChokepointA narrow passage or node through which a large share of trade must pass.
Supplier concentrationHow far a country's imports of a fuel come from few suppliers, measured with indices such as the Herfindahl-Hirschman index.
Due diligenceA process to identify, prevent, mitigate and account for adverse impacts in operations and supply chains.
Systemic riskRisk arising from the interactions and dependencies within and between systems, where a shock can propagate and threaten the functioning of the whole.
08Connections

How the field links to other risks.

Trade networks connect to almost every other Nexus field. Climate hazards close ports and low river levels limit barge traffic; cyber incidents can halt port and logistics systems; conflicts close routes; and food and energy price shocks feed into health, social stability and public finance. These links are set out in dependencies and consequences.

The field gateways for trade, resources and supply chains and industry and robotics show every Consortium platform working on these subjects.

09Pages

Pages in Field overview.

10Questions

Questions and answers.

Is this field the same as supply chain management?
It overlaps, but it is broader. Supply chain management focuses on a firm's own operations; this field studies whole networks, their public consequences and the policies that shape them.
What makes a resource strategic?
A combination of importance to essential activities and difficulty of substitution or rapid new supply. The list changes as technology and markets change.
Does the field take a view on trade policy?
No. It analyses the effects of policies on flows and resilience with transparent methods, and leaves choices to the competent authorities.
Trade and Strategic Resources

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The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.