Housing and tenure surveys
Household surveys record housing costs, tenure, crowding and moves, with samples designed to include renters and informal residents.
GCRI · Cities and Built Environment
Social science for cities
Social and behavioural science explains how people experience the city: housing choices, travel, tenure, participation and inequality. In this field it supplies surveys, qualitative research and participatory methods that put residents’ experience beside physical data.
01Register
Social science for cities on the record.
Method recordSTEM method
- MethodSocial and behavioural science
- Applied inCities and Built Environment
- Data3 inputs
- Checks3 validation steps
- Canonical pageSTEM Commons
02Application
What social and behavioural science does here.
Social and behavioural science studies how individuals, groups and institutions think, act and organise. It explains vulnerability, risk perception, compliance and collective response to shocks. In cities and built environment, critical infrastructure and society and human development, social science identifies who is exposed and less able to cope, and why warnings are or are not acted upon. It informs equitable design of policies and interventions across interconnected risks. The canonical description is on the STEM Commons.
Participatory planning research
Workshops and interviews with residents document local priorities and knowledge of hazards for use in plans, with consent and feedback.
Displacement studies
Studies follow households affected by evictions, disasters or redevelopment to understand where they go and how they fare.
03Monitor
Survey analysis.
The screen a team would use to follow this method: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.
Survey analysis
Cities · Social science for cities · Run R-8630
Estimates stableGCRI · Cities and Built Environment
Estimates
robust standard errors
| Population in flood zone | −0.19 | 0.13 | [−0.2, 0.7] | Yes |
| Land surface temperature anomaly | −0.06 | 0.11 | [−0.4, 0.3] | No |
| Green and blue cover | 0.00 | 0.06 | [0.1, 0.6] | Yes |
| Housing cost to income | 0.25 | 0.20 | [−0.1, 0.9] | Yes |
Method card
- Method
- Social and behavioural science
- Sample
- 9224 obs
- Design
- stratified, weighted
- Label
- MODELLED
Residuals by group
04Data
What the method consumes.
Datasets and records used by social and behavioural science on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in the source register.
| Data | Role | Label |
|---|---|---|
| Household surveys | Housing and tenure | REPORTED |
| Qualitative interviews | Experience and priorities | REPORTED |
| Administrative records | Evictions and moves | Published statistics |
05Simulator
A cascade through interdependent networks.
A hazard footprint takes out co-located assets in every layer; fragmentation, dependency between layers and overload of the survivors then spread the failure. The 3D view separates the layers by depth. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction.
Controls
- Assets per layer
- 18
- Hazard footprint
- 8% of area
- Assets that depend on another layer
- 60%
- Spare capacity (tolerance)
- 30%
Readouts
- Assets hit by the hazard
- 17%
- Assets still working
- 44%
- Amplification of the initial damage
- 3.3 times
- Steps to settle
- 3
Numbers, methods and sources
| Step | Transport working (%) | Power working (%) | Telecoms working (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 89 | 83 | 78 |
| 1 | 78 | 61 | 56 |
| 2 | 61 | 50 | 28 |
| 3 | 61 | 50 | 22 |
Methods
- Interdependent networks Buldyrev and others (2010), Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks, Nature 464
- Overload cascades Motter and Lai (2002), Physical Review E 66
- Betweenness load Brandes (2001), Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25
- Multilayer networks Kivela and others (2014), Journal of Complex Networks 2
- Infrastructure interdependencies Rinaldi, Peerenboom and Kelly (2001), IEEE Control Systems 21(6)
- Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
- One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley
Data
The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:
- Major roads Natural Earth
- Railways Natural Earth
- Seaports Natural Earth
- Airports Natural Earth
- Urban extents Natural Earth
- Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day/Night Band) NASA/NOAA VIIRS (Suomi NPP) · register nasa.gibs.context-live-layers
- Natural events (NASA EONET) NASA EONET · register nasa.eonet.events
Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium
- Experiments Labs
- Built in Cities and Built Environment in Foundry
- Tested at Cities and Built Environment in Universe
- Codified in Cities and the Built Environment in Standards
- Published in Cities and Built Environment in Reports
- Taught in Faculty of Infrastructure, Energy and Industry in Academy
06Validation
How results are checked.
Findings are tested through replication, triangulation of methods and pre-registered designs. Measurement instruments are checked for reliability and validity.
| Check | How it is done |
|---|---|
| Sampling coverage | Samples are checked for inclusion of renters, informal residents and minorities |
| Ethics review | Research with residents passes ethics review and uses informed consent |
| Feedback to participants | Findings are returned to participating communities |
Behaviour is context dependent and may change under stress. Self-reported data carry recall and social desirability biases.
07Methods and evidence
How social science for cities is modelled, measured and tested.
The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.
System model
The couplings between the systems in social science for cities: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.
FAIR guiding principles · GO FAIR and FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumGuidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
08Connections
Topics that rely on this method.
09Stewardship
Who maintains the method.
Society and Human Development stewards social and behavioural science for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.
10Connected
Where this page leads across the Consortium.
11Questions
Questions and answers.
What are the limits of social and behavioural science in this field?
Behaviour is context dependent and may change under stress. Self-reported data carry recall and social desirability biases.
How are results checked?
Findings are tested through replication, triangulation of methods and pre-registered designs. Measurement instruments are checked for reliability and validity.
Are the values on this page real?
The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method’s use, not a run; no result is reported here.
Where else is this method applied?
The canonical method page lists every platform that applies it.
ReportsContribute
Contribute evidence from this page.
Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
GCRICities and Built EnvironmentGlobal Sector Risk and ResilienceEvidence Brief
- EmailGateway GW-GCRISend it from this pageEvidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.
- ZenodoOpen depositDeposit it and submit to the communityPublish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.
- ReportsGCRISee every way to contributeThe contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.
Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.
Cities and Built Environment
Bring a method, a dataset or a question.
Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.
Legal
Legal documents.
Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. They are not advice, forecasts or warnings; the limits of the information are set out in the Disclaimers and Data Notices.