GCRI · Digital Public Infrastructure
Digital Public Infrastructure
Public digital systems, interoperable institutions and the social conditions for responsible access. Digital Public Infrastructure is an established platform of The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation.
- STEM methods
- 6
- Canonical methods this field applies
- Topics
- 8
- Subject pages in the field
- Counterparts
- 5
- Platforms in shared fields across the network
- Report series
- 2
- Reports series it contributes to
How the work runs.
DPI service health
Payment switch · Today
- Transactions today7,185,1419Active
- Authentication success, %97.4Normal
- Availability, % this month99.71Normal
- Grievances open162Watch
Throughput
Rails
| Identity verify | 155 | 0.2 | Normal |
| Instant payment | 489 | 0.4 | Normal |
| Data exchange | 726 | 1.2 | Degraded |
| Offline fallback | n/a | n/a | Standby |
Fig.DPI service health: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.
What the work is read against.
The platform does not set standards. It reads its evidence against the frameworks that competent bodies have adopted, so a finding can be placed where a decision-maker already works.
| Framework or standard | Body | What it sets |
|---|---|---|
| Universal DPI Safeguards Framework | UN Office of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Technology and UNDP | Safeguards for rights, inclusion and governance across the life cycle of DPI |
| G20 Framework for Systems of Digital Public Infrastructure | G20 (New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration) | A voluntary framework describing DPI and principles for its development |
| Principles on Identification for Sustainable Development | World Bank ID4D and endorsing organisations | Principles on inclusion, design and governance of identification systems |
| European Digital Identity Framework (eIDAS 2) | European Union | Rules for electronic identification, trust services and the European Digital Identity Wallet |
| Verifiable Credentials Data Model | World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) | A standard for expressing credentials that can be cryptographically verified |
| Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures | CPMI and IOSCO | Standards for the safety and efficiency of payment and settlement systems |
| ISO 20022 | International Organization for Standardization | A common standard for financial messaging between institutions |
| Digital Public Goods Standard | Digital Public Goods Alliance | Criteria for open-source software, data and content recognised as digital public goods |
| Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.2 | World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) | Criteria for making web content accessible to people with disabilities |
A cascade through interdependent networks.
A hazard footprint takes out co-located assets in every layer; fragmentation, dependency between layers and overload of the survivors then spread the failure. The 3D view separates the layers by depth. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows India; the model itself is not tied to a place.
Controls
- Assets per layer
- 18
- Hazard footprint
- 8% of area
- Assets that depend on another layer
- 60%
- Spare capacity (tolerance)
- 30%
Readouts
- Assets hit by the hazard
- 9%
- Assets still working
- 41%
- Amplification of the initial damage
- 6.4 times
- Steps to settle
- 4
Numbers, methods and sources
| Step | Data centres working (%) | Networks working (%) | Power working (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 94 | 89 | 89 |
| 1 | 61 | 67 | 89 |
| 2 | 50 | 44 | 72 |
| 3 | 50 | 44 | 50 |
| 4 | 50 | 44 | 28 |
Methods
- Interdependent networks Buldyrev and others (2010), Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks, Nature 464
- Overload cascades Motter and Lai (2002), Physical Review E 66
- Betweenness load Brandes (2001), Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25
- Multilayer networks Kivela and others (2014), Journal of Complex Networks 2
- Infrastructure interdependencies Rinaldi, Peerenboom and Kelly (2001), IEEE Control Systems 21(6)
- Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
- One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley
Data
The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:
- Major roads Natural Earth
- Railways Natural Earth
- Seaports Natural Earth
- Airports Natural Earth
- Urban extents Natural Earth
- Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day/Night Band) NASA/NOAA VIIRS (Suomi NPP) · register nasa.gibs.context-live-layers
- Natural events (NASA EONET) NASA EONET · register nasa.eonet.events
Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium
- Experiments Labs
- Built in Digital Public Infrastructure in Foundry
- Tested at Digital Public Infrastructure in Universe
- Codified in Open Infrastructure and Developers in Standards
- Published in Digital Public Infrastructure in Reports
- Taught in Faculty of Technology and Digital Systems in Academy
The questions this field works on.
Identity and authentication
Identity infrastructure, exclusion and consent.
TopicDigital payments and services
Digital service interfaces and dependencies.
TopicInteroperability and APIs
Standards, exchange and reliability.
TopicData spaces and rights
Sovereign and personal data governance.
TopicDigital inclusion
Coverage, access, affordability and literacy.
TopicPublic cloud and concentration
Vendor dependency and continuity.
TopicDigital service resilience
Outage, cyber and operational controls.
TopicDigital public value
Accountability, public benefit and safeguards.
Model Digital Public Infrastructure as a system. Run the cascade.
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile Cyber and digital risk standards: the hazards it names, the systems and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
Hazards
- Dam failure
- River flood (set off downstream)
- Flash flood (set off downstream)
- Mass displacement (set off downstream)
- Widespread power outage (set off downstream)
- Water supply shortfall (set off downstream)
Systems and couplings
Controls
NS-0Constitution and principlesNS-9Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)NS-10Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)NS-11Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)NS-12Software, model and AI/ML artefacts (supply chain, model cards, dataset sheets)NRS-H94Hazard family: Systemic cyber events (NHS-1 cyber.systemic-cyber)NRS-X6Cyber and digital security riskNRS-H51Hazard family: Malicious compromise (NHS-1 cyber.intrusion)NRS-T8Software and supply-chain integrity riskNRS-H93Hazard family: Identity, trust and cryptographic failure (NHS-1 cyber.identity)NRS-H54Hazard family: Signal and platform disruption (NHS-1 cyber.platform)
Observation
- National Vulnerability Database (CVE enrichment API) (listed for reference)
- Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalogue (listed for reference)
- OSV open source vulnerability database (listed for reference)
- MITRE ATT&CK knowledge base (STIX 2.1) (listed for reference)
- Proportion of population covered by a mobile network, by technology
- Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
Example geography
- North America: 243 hexagonal cells
- Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day/Night Band), NASA GIBS
- Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS
- Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS
- Surface soil moisture (SMAP), NASA GIBS
Evidence for public digital systems that work for everyone.
The platform brings engineering, rights and social science together to study how public digital systems are built, governed and experienced.
Standards and exchange
Analysis of open standards, application programming interfaces and data exchange models, and of what makes them reliable and replaceable.
Safeguards by design
Methods for building consent, data minimisation, redress and accountability into DPI, and evidence on their effect.
Who is reached
Evidence on coverage, access, affordability and digital literacy, and on the people and places systems fail to reach.
Planned outputs are public digital-system guides, DPI safeguards and interoperability notes. The platform studies public infrastructure and service design; it is not an identity product, a vendor or a regulator. GCRI does not regulate, certify or approve.
How Digital Public Infrastructure is modelled, measured and tested.
The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.
Datasets and provenance
The data classes behind Digital Public Infrastructure and what is recorded about each before it is used.
| Data class | Provenance recorded | Resolution stated | Licence checked |
|---|---|---|---|
| Satellite imagery, optical and radar | sensor, processing level, acquisition date | pixel size and revisit | per scene |
| Reanalysis and climate model output | model, experiment, member, version | grid and time step | per release |
| In-situ sensors and gauges | station, instrument, calibration record | point and sampling rate | per network |
| Population and asset exposure | method, vintage, input sources | cell size and unit | per release |
| Boundaries and reference geography | producer, edition, date | scale | per edition |
- Lineage
- W3C PROV record from source to figure
- Principles
- FAIR: findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable
- Gaps
- shown as missing, never filled silently
System model
The couplings between the systems in Digital Public Infrastructure: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.
What Digital Public Infrastructure does.
Digital public infrastructure is the set of shared digital systems, such as identity, payments and data exchange, that let people and organisations access services at societal scale. Digital Public Infrastructure covers identity, payments, interoperability, data rights, inclusion, hosting concentration, resilience and public value. Governments, regulators and the people served decide.
Its community
GovTech researchers; standards engineers; service designers; public administrations.
Its methods
Interoperability and rights methods; DPI risk analysis; digital inclusion evidence.
Its outputs
Public digital-system guides; DPI safeguards; interoperability notes.
Connected activity in India.
Night lights, population density and land cover over India, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.
The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.
Layers 3
Connected activity, for this page
About this layer
- Evidence
- Observed
- Source
- VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) (NASA LAADS DAAC)
- Provider
- NASA LAADS DAAC
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- daily; Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere
- Newest at build
- 2026-10-12
- Resolution
- about 500 m grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite night-time radiance for the date shown; lights are a proxy for electricity use and outages, not a measurement of supply or access.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Estimated
- Source
- Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))
- Provider
- NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0
- Vintage
- null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)
- Resolution
- about 1 km grid
- Uncertainty
- Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Observed (clouds leave gaps)
- Source
- VIIRS Global Flood Product (NASA LANCE)
- Provider
- NASA LANCE
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- daily; Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps
- Newest at build
- 2026-10-14
- Resolution
- about 250 m grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Observed
- Source
- VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)
- Provider
- NASA LANCE
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- daily; Satellite image
- Newest at build
- 2026-10-14
- Resolution
- about 250 m grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)
- Source
- MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)
- Provider
- NASA LP DAAC
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes
- Newest at build
- 2024-01-01
- Resolution
- about 500 m grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Observed (clouds leave gaps)
- Source
- MODIS Terra EVI (NASA LANCE)
- Provider
- NASA LANCE
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- daily; Satellite index; clouds leave gaps
- Newest at build
- 2026-10-13
- Resolution
- about 250 m grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite vegetation index for the 8 days to the date shown, a habitat condition indicator; not a measure of species or biodiversity.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
Keyboard, with the map focused
Hold Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll to zoom
Latest available
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth
Loading the latest NASA imagery.
Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.
Connected activity, framed on India.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.
Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · NASA/NOAA VIIRS · NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERTSources and licences
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
- VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA open data
- Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
- © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). ODbL
- Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
- Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.
- Observed (EO): NASA/NOAA VIIRS (Suomi NPP). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- Optional layers (5 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.
Layers and dates
- Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
- Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
- Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Oct 2026
- True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
- Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC · 2024
- Enhanced vegetation index, rolling 8 days: MODIS Terra EVI, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
What Digital Public Infrastructure studies, and who governs DPI.
Digital Public Infrastructure, studies the shared digital systems for identity, payments, data exchange and public services, with their safeguards, resilience and public value. Governments, regulators and the people these systems serve decide; the platform builds no national system and assesses no vendor.
Architecture diagrams here are generic; no country’s system is described without its owner’s publication.
DPI is the digital layer under every domain’s services.
- WaterHow this field couples to itDigital payments enable utility billing and targeted water subsidies.
- EnergyHow this field couples to itIdentity and payments underpin energy subsidy reform and metering.
- FoodHow this field couples to itFarmer registries and payments deliver agricultural support.
- HealthHow this field couples to itHealth identifiers and data exchange support continuity of care.
- BiodiversityHow this field couples to itBenefit-sharing and land records depend on trusted registries.
Where DPI evidence goes.
DPI studies are designed for the Strategic Systems series and the Exponential Technology series. Digital records would follow the W3C data model for verifiable claims and the identifiers of the proposed Nexus Standards.
- Governments can share safeguards assessments they choose to publish.
- Civil society can report exclusion cases.
- Engineers can contribute resilience and interoperability reviews.
Shared digital rails carry public life, and their failures are shared too.
Digital public infrastructure (DPI) refers to society-wide digital systems, typically identity, payments and data exchange, that many public and private services build upon. When it works, it lowers the cost of reaching people; when it fails or excludes, the harm spreads across every service that depends on it.
Many countries now deliver benefits, health services, tax, licensing and banking through shared digital foundations. A national identity system lets people prove who they are online; an interoperable payment system lets governments send transfers directly and lets small merchants accept digital payment; a data exchange layer lets agencies share records with consent instead of asking citizens to carry paper between offices. These foundations can expand access quickly, as shown when governments used them to reach large populations with emergency support.
The same properties create risk. Because many services depend on a few shared components, an outage, cyber attack or design flaw affects all of them at once. Identity systems that fail to enrol or authenticate some people, through missing documents, worn fingerprints, disability or lack of connectivity, can lock them out of services that used to be available on paper. Data exchange without strong rights protection can enable surveillance or misuse. Dependence on a single vendor or cloud platform can leave a state unable to change course.
Failures cascade because DPI is infrastructure in the true sense: it sits beneath other services, it is hard to replace and its weaknesses become everyone’s weaknesses. Designing it well is as much about governance, rights and inclusion as about technology.
Shared methods and counterparts at the other institutions.
The platform stewards the method page for digital identity and public digital systems and applies data engineering, interoperability and stewardship, cybersecurity and cryptography, payment and financial market technology, high-performance, cloud and edge computing and distributed ledgers and digital assets. All six are listed on the platform STEM foundation.
It connects to the Foundry systems NXS-NSF (trust, authorisation and assurance), NXS-POR (public, client and partner delivery), NXS-APP (application catalogue and lifecycle) and NXS-RLS (participants, agreements and handoffs), and to the report series Strategic Systems and Exponential Technology. Digital service continuity is its theme in the Universe programme. At GCRI it works with Cybersecurity and Digital Resilience and Data and Compute.
At The Global Risks Forum (GRF), AI and Digital Governance convenes the institutions that govern digital technology. At The Global Risks Alliance (GRA), Payments and Market Infrastructure, Fintech Nexus, Financial Cyber and Operational Resilience and Financial Crime and Fraud Risk build shared financial-sector understanding of payment, technology and fraud risk, without advising on or arranging transactions. See counterparts across the Consortium.
The areas of digital public infrastructure this platform takes on.
Digital Public Infrastructure studies the shared digital systems that let people prove who they are, pay and be paid, exchange data and use public services: identity, payments, data sharing, interoperability layers and the cloud and networks underneath. Its pages set out how these systems are built and governed, the safeguards for rights and inclusion, their resilience and their public value, with every value labelled by its evidence and every limit stated. Governments, regulators and the people these systems serve decide.
Identity and authentication
Foundational and functional identity systems, credentials and how people prove who they are online.
Digital payments and services
Fast payment systems, government-to-person transfers and the services built on them.
Interoperability and APIs
Standards and interfaces that let systems run by different agencies and firms work together.
Data spaces and rights
Consent-based data sharing, data protection and people’s control over data about them.
Digital inclusion
Whether everyone can use digital public services, and alternatives for those who cannot.
Public cloud and concentration
The hosting choices behind public systems and dependence on a few providers.
Digital service resilience
Keeping public digital services running through outages, attacks and surges in demand.
Digital public value
Whether digital infrastructure delivers benefits for people, and how that is measured.
Built on named science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
Every claim on Digital Public Infrastructure rests on methods with a canonical page in the STEM Commons, so readers can see what a finding depends on and where its limits lie.
How work moves in this field.
A question becomes evidence, a governed build, an organised community, a controlled test, a reviewed publication and, finally, a decision taken by the competent authority under its own rules.
- Question Universe National, regional or institutional priority. Question in Digital Public Infrastructure
- Evidence Foundry STEM foundation of the platform. Evidence in Digital Public Infrastructure
- Build Foundry Foundry. Build in Digital Public Infrastructure
- Organise Universe Nexus ecosystem. Organise in Digital Public Infrastructure
- Test Universe Universe (independent site). Test in Digital Public Infrastructure
- Publish Reports Reports. Publish in Digital Public Infrastructure
- Decide Competent authority Competent authorities and institutions, through NXS-RLS. Decide in Digital Public Infrastructure
- Renew Universe Corrections and the next annual agenda. Renew in Digital Public Infrastructure
Each step of the cycle in the pillar it runs in; the decision stays with the competent authority, outside the programme.
- Labs
- Foundry
- Universe
- Nexus Standards
- Reports
- Risk Academy
- Competent authority (outside the programme)
How this works across the six pillars.
Digital Public Infrastructure works through six pillars of one annual programme, led by the Nexus Consortium, with GCRI, GRF and GRA each contributing in its role: explore, experiment and prototype in Labs, build, simulate and prepare in Foundry, convene and test in Universe, codify, correct and apply in Nexus Standards, publish in every format in Reports, teach in the open in Risk Academy.
handoff in playrecorded handoffno direct handoff
Programme yearAll phases
Route
The whole programme
Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year’s feedback loops.
L · F · U · S · R · A
- Pillars
- 6 of 6
- Handoffs
- 18 of 18
- Loops
- 17 closed
Handoffs in play
- F01Universe → Foundry · Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision caseReadiness preparation
- F02Foundry → Universe · Core Build Report and go or no-go evidenceControlled build
- F03Foundry → Reports · Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profileCloseout
- F04Universe → Reports · After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13After-action review
and 14 more
- LabsWhere questions become experiments and prototypes: new methods, data and tools are tried in the open, with their limits on record, before the Foundry builds them, under the Nexus Consortium.Labs
- FoundryWhere methods, data and models become reproducible builds, each run with its inputs, version and limits on record.Digital Public Infrastructure in FoundryFoundry
- UniverseWhere a build is tested under controlled conditions with independent evaluators, so a method’s skill is measured, not assumed.Digital Public Infrastructure in Universeuniverse.nexus
- Nexus StandardsWhere methods, identifiers and data schemas are codified in the open and corrected when a test finds a fault.Open Infrastructure and Developers in Standardsnexustandards.com
- ReportsWhere findings are published with their method, uncertainty and evidence class, and corrected as new versions.Digital Public Infrastructure in ReportsReports
- Risk AcademyWhere methods and systems are taught on real data and real places, by working the case, on Risk Academy.Faculty of Technology and Digital Systems in Academyrisksacademy.com
The same field, seen three ways.
GCRI studies a field as science, GRF governs it and GRA builds shared financial understanding of it. Digital Public Infrastructure links to its counterparts so that work on one side is visible on the others.
- AI and Digital GovernanceInstitutionGRFShared fieldDigital public infrastructure, Cyber and digital resilience
- Fintech NexusInstitutionGRAShared fieldCyber and digital resilience, Digital public infrastructure
- Payments and Market InfrastructureInstitutionGRAShared fieldCyber and digital resilience, Digital public infrastructure
- Financial Cyber and Operational ResilienceInstitutionGRAShared fieldCyber and digital resilience
- Financial Crime and Fraud RiskInstitutionGRAShared fieldCyber and digital resilience
Where this page’s references lead.
The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.
- Universal DPI Safeguards Framework (UN Office for Digital and Emerging Technologies and UNDP, 2024)
- G20 Framework for Systems of Digital Public Infrastructure (G20, 2023)
- Regulation (EU) 2024/1183 establishing the European Digital Identity Framework
- Verifiable Credentials Data Model v2.0 (W3C Recommendation, 2025)
- Nexus Standards, the proposed NS series (nexustandards.com)
Pages in Digital Public Infrastructure.
Mandate and publisher
PageField overview
PageResearch and evidence
PageInnovation and practical technology
PageProgrammes and projects
PageData and technical methods
PageSpecialist community
PageLearning and professional development
PageEvents and technical dialogues
PageResearch and publications
PageParticipation paths
PageContact the specialist team
PageTrust, rights and status
PageSTEM foundation of Digital Public Infrastructure
PageHow work moves in this field
PageBuild in Foundry
PageTest in Universe
PagePublish in Reports
PageThe same field across the Consortium
PageTopics
Where this page leads across the Consortium.
Questions and answers.
Who publishes Digital Public Infrastructure?
Is Digital Public Infrastructure active?
How can I contribute?
Where are findings published?
Which values on this platform are real?
How do I report an error?
What counts as digital public infrastructure?
Does the platform build or sell DPI systems?
Contribute evidence from this page.
Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
- EmailGateway GW-GCRISend it from this pageEvidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.
- ZenodoOpen depositDeposit it and submit to the communityPublish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.
- ReportsGCRISee every way to contributeThe contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.
Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.
How Digital Public Infrastructure works.
Choose a view and press Play to follow the platform’s process, its programme year, the standards it applies and how its findings are published. The outline shows how the work is designed to run, not the status of any decision.
Digital Public Infrastructure
How Digital Public Infrastructure works
Platforms · Programme year · Standards · Reports
A platform joins a field to named methods, labelled evidence and the outputs it publishes, without becoming the authority it serves.
01 Scope
- 01Field and familiesStart · The platform leadThe home states the field, its families and who it serves.
- 02Topic dossiersRecord · Platform authorsTopics explain the subject with labelled evidence.
02 Evidence
- 03Evidence labelsRecord · GCRIEach value is labelled: observed, published statistics, estimated, modelled, scenario or unknown.
- 04MethodsStep · Method ownersMethods come from the STEM Commons, each with one canonical page.
03 Work
- 05Scenarios on the systemsModel · Foundry pillarScenarios run on the Nexus systems, labelled as scenario.
- 06Standards that applyRecord · Nexus StandardsThe platform names the standards that apply. A validator report is evidence for review.
04 Publish
- 07EditionsRecord · ReportsFindings are published through Reports with their limits.
- 08Authority decidesOutcome · The competent authorityDecisions and execution stay with the government, operator or licensed institution.
Digital Public Infrastructure home · Platforms · Shared methodsAn outline of how the work is designed to run; it does not report the status of any decision or record.
Take part in Digital Public Infrastructure.
Start from who you are. Answer an open call. Or form and lead a competence cell on the Digital Public Infrastructure platform.
National institutions
Ministries, statistics offices and agencies: a national desk and chapter, and a seat in the working groups. National chapters
Sectors and professions
Operators, regulators, banks, insurers and professional bodies whose work touches Digital Public Infrastructure. Participate
Learning
Courses and practice, with a record of every course completed. Free to study. Open learning
Standards
Draft, review and adopt the methods and data standards with the working groups. Working groups
Communities and research
Universities, civil society and individual experts: projects, data and review. Write to the team
| Open call | Seeks | Closes |
|---|---|---|
| Founding call for experts to the working groups CALL-FOUNDING-EXPERTS | expert, editor, chair | 2026-12-15 |
| Open nomination for the three independent expert seats of the Global Standards Council CALL-GSC-IND | council-member | 2026-12-01 |
| Nominations of interim regional members (applies only if the transitional provision is decided) CALL-GSC-REG | council-member | 2026-12-15 |
| Review of the wave-1 risk core outlines (C1, C2, C3, C4, C8, C10, C11) CALL-REVIEW-WAVE1 | contributor | 2027-01-31 |
| Experts for the core standards of risk science: uncertainty and evidence grading, scales, structured expert judgement, tolerability, extremes and compound events, catastrophic and existential risk, ethics and equity, units and measurement (NRS-C17 to NRS-C24) CALL-CORE-SCIENCE | expert, editor, chair | 2027-01-31 |
| Independent reviewers for the families of the hazard atlas, three from at least two regions for each family (NHS2-R19), priority families first CALL-ATLAS-REVIEW | expert | 2027-03-31 |
| Members of the interim Frontier Safety Review Panel and red-team reviewers (biosafety and biosecurity, AI safety and security, critical-infrastructure security); applications treated in confidence CALL-FRONTIER-SAFETY-REVIEW | expert | 2026-11-30 |
| Experts in ontology, metrology, software verification and conformity assessment for the requirement register, the NHS-2 machine representation, the conformance test suites and the conformity assessment scheme CALL-CONFORMANCE-ONTOLOGY | expert, editor | 2027-01-31 |
Calls past their closing date are hidden automatically. Every call, proposal and route: open areas and calls.
Gather the cell
Bring together three to seven people with complementary skills: data, field practice, policy and communication.
Register it
Write to the team with the cell’s name, members, area and region. You receive a reference and a contact. Write to the team
Choose a charter
Pick one focus: research and evidence, data and maps, standards review, or community preparedness.
Learn together
Follow shared study paths at Risk Academy, with practice and a record of every course completed. Hazards and resilience
Lead and report
Hold regular sessions. Publish what the cell learns through Reports. Bring findings to the working groups. Working groups
What a national team or a local community can do on The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX) today.
Your country’s profile
Open risk profiles for 195 countries, with sources and licences on every value. Open the Index
Correct or reply
Correct a value or reply for your country. The change is logged with its effect. Open the Index
Offer data
Offer a dataset. It enters through the licence gate, with your credit. Open the Index
Every figure on this page is indexed: cyber, technology, infrastructure, India.
The Index is the Consortium’s indexing system for risk data. Every indicator, hazard, series and country profile carries its Nexus Standards identifier, its source and its licence, so what this page shows can be traced, corrected and reused.
- 01 · Sources205 registered sourcesEvery value keeps its source and licence; withheld values are counted.Data and licences
- 02 · Nexus StandardsNIS-1 and NHS-1451 indicators, 905 hazards; every record carries a UNI.Nexus Standards
- 03 · The Index54 series, 195 country profilesComputed on the standards; no value is published until an edition is released.The Global Risks Index
- 04 · This pageDigital Public InfrastructureMaps, figures and feeds read the Index in the context of cyber, technology, infrastructure and India.Public API
Series in this context cyber, technology, infrastructure
- GLBGlobal SystemsThe state of interdependent global risk: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core systems (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap…NXS-GRX-AR-000002Infrastructure · Cyber · Technology
- XTEarth observation and space systemsDependency on satellites for navigation, communications and observation; orbital congestion, debris and space-weather exposure.NXS-GRX-AR-000094Space · Technology · Infrastructure
- GSGlobal Cyber and digitalCyber capability and threat exposure, digital dependency, connectivity resilience and the cyber-physical channels into essential services.NXS-GRX-AR-000071Cyber · Technology · Infrastructure
- SRDigital public infrastructureIdentity, payments and data-exchange infrastructure as public goods, and their concentration, cyber and continuity risk.NXS-GRX-AR-000083Cyber · Technology · Infrastructure
Country profiles India
Every country profile carries the source and licence of each value. Correct a value or reply
Hazard domains NHS-1
- Space and near-EarthNXS-GRX-AR-000139
- Frontier and exponential technologyNXS-GRX-AR-000146
Geodata and API open
Open layers on an equal-area hexagon grid, shown as densities per km² or as symbols: People · GHSL 2025People · WorldPop 2025Built-up areaPortsAirportsRoadsRailwaysRivers and lake centrelines
/api/v1/public/grix · https://nexustandards.com/uni/{uni}
Developers · Data · Made with Natural Earth, Public domain; GHSL and WorldPop, CC BY 4.0
Snapshot of the Index registries pinned 2026-10-23 · 22c6eed. Research and risk-analytics information: not a rating, an official classification, a warning, a benchmark or advice.
Bring a method, a dataset or a question.
Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.
Legal documents.
Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. They are not advice, forecasts or warnings; the limits of the information are set out in the Disclaimers and Data Notices.