GCRI · Platform
Energy systems, transitions, reliability and cross-sector dependencies that sustain society. Energy Nexus is an established platform of The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation.
On the map below
The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.
Layers 2
Energy use and outages
Fires and gas flares
Solar resource
Heat and cooling demand
Hydropower water
3D columns: nexus exposure per hexagon
Keyboard, with the map focused
Hold Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll to zoom
Latest available
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Natural Earth
Loading the latest NASA imagery.
3D: drag to move, right-drag or Shift and drag to turn and tilt, two fingers to pinch, turn and tilt; 2D: drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer.
Night lights, power plants, fires and gas flares, sunlight, heat and hydropower water from NASA satellites, each dated.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them and the 2021 WRI power plant database; indicators, not measurements of supply, access or outages.
Layers and dates
The platform does not set standards. It reads its evidence against the frameworks that competent bodies have adopted, so a finding can be placed where a decision-maker already works.
| Framework or standard | Body | What it sets |
|---|---|---|
| Sustainable Development Goal 7 and its indicators | United Nations | Targets and indicator definitions for electricity access, clean cooking, renewable share, energy intensity and international support |
| Paris Agreement and nationally determined contributions | UNFCCC | Economy-wide mitigation and adaptation commitments in which energy supply and demand are central components |
| NERC Reliability Standards | North American Electric Reliability Corporation, under FERC oversight | Mandatory requirements for bulk power system planning, operation, emergency preparedness, restoration and critical infrastructure protection |
| EU network codes on system operation and on emergency and restoration | European Commission, ACER and ENTSO-E | Operational security limits, frequency control, system defence plans and restoration plans for the interconnected European grid |
| IEEE 1366 guide for distribution reliability indices | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | Definitions of interruption duration and frequency indices used by utilities and regulators |
| IEC 61850 and IEC 62443 | International Electrotechnical Commission | Communication for power utility automation, and security of industrial automation and control systems |
| ISO 50001 energy management systems | International Organization for Standardization | Requirements for establishing, operating and improving energy performance in organisations and industrial sites |
| IEA emergency response system and oil stockholding obligation | International Energy Agency | Member obligations to hold emergency oil stocks and to coordinate response to severe supply disruptions |
| IAEA Safety Standards | International Atomic Energy Agency | Safety principles, requirements and guides for nuclear installations, radiation protection and emergency preparedness and response |
| Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction | UNDRR | Targets that include reducing disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services |
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile Energy risk standards: the hazards it names, the systems and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
Hazards
Systems and couplings
Controls
NS-0 Constitution and principlesNS-1 The UNI and the artefact catalogue (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)NS-3 Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)NS-9 Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)NS-10 Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)NS-11 Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)NRS-H84 Hazard family: Energy system instability and shortfall (NHS-1 infra.energy)NRS-H61 Hazard family: Cascading failure (NHS-1 sys.cascade)NRS-U8 Universe platform profile: Energy NexusNRS-H48 Hazard family: Utility and communication network outage (NHS-1 infra.utilities)NRS-H109 Hazard family: Energy-transition technology failures (NHS-1 tech.energy-transition)NRS-H54 Hazard family: Signal and platform disruption (NHS-1 cyber.platform)Observation
Example geography
Supply adequacy, access and reliability.
TopicTransmission, distribution and system dependencies.
TopicStorage technologies and weather variability.
TopicCooling requirements and extreme heat.
TopicHydropower, drought and cooling water.
TopicIndustrial demand and resource pathways.
TopicEnergy science and regulated nuclear-safety boundaries.
TopicOutages, black-start and critical service restoration.
TopicNuclear and radiological safety context and independent regulatory role.
The sectors Energy Nexus touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.
Signature
Energy and its partners
Energy gives power for transport and telecoms to infrastructure (0.8), pumping and treatment to water (0.5) and fertiliser, machinery and cold chains to food (0.5).
W · E · I · F · H · B
Energy security is the uninterrupted availability of energy at a price society can bear, and it depends on adequate supply, reliable grids, diverse fuels and routes, and access. Energy Nexus covers generation and fuels, grids and interconnection, storage, heat and cooling, hydropower, industrial demand and the interface with nuclear safety, and traces how energy failures reach water, health, communications and finance.
Grid engineers; utility operators; energy scientists; infrastructure planners; energy economists.
Load and adequacy models; outage and asset resilience; storage analyses.
Energy resilience scenarios; grid-dependency briefs; transition evidence.
The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.
The couplings between the systems in Energy Nexus: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.
How far the outlook for Energy Nexus could spread, shown as ranges rather than a single line.
Energy Nexus studies energy systems as engineered networks under weather, market and security stress, and helps countries build the capability to test their own systems. It operates no grid, sets no reliability standard, regulates no utility, licenses no plant and advises no investment; system operators, regulators, nuclear safety authorities and ministries hold those roles.
Grid models and scenarios on these pages are illustrative or synthetic unless stated, never a forecast or an assessment of a real network. Restricted network detail stays with its owner. Readiness is not authority, and national energy agendas, data and decisions stay national.
| Coupling | Where it is examined | Series designed to carry it |
|---|---|---|
| Energy and water: cooling, hydropower, pumping | Hydropower and water | Regional Systems |
| Energy and health: hospitals, cold chains, heat | Heat and cooling with Health Nexus | Scenario and Stress-Test |
| Energy and food: fertiliser, mechanisation, processing | Industrial energy systems with Food Nexus | Global Sector Risk and Resilience |
| Energy and security of supply | Energy security | Strategic Systems |
Energy models used in studies are designed to carry model cards, and supply series record identifiers, under the proposed Nexus Standards.
Water treatment, hospitals, payments, telecommunications, food cold chains and data centres all assume that power and fuel arrive on demand. That assumption rests on physical systems that must balance supply and demand continuously, across networks that span countries.
An electricity system has very little storage relative to the energy it carries, so generation must match consumption second by second. Frequency and voltage stay within narrow bands only because operators hold reserves, protection systems isolate faults and interconnections share support across regions. When a large plant trips or a transmission line fails, the system has seconds to minutes to respond before automatic protection begins disconnecting load to save the rest of the network.
Failures cascade because the same networks that share support also share stress. A line that trips pushes its flow onto neighbouring lines, which may overload in turn. Loss of power then reaches pumping stations, telecommunications sites and fuel terminals, some of which are needed to restore the grid itself. Extreme heat raises demand for cooling while reducing the capacity of lines, transformers and thermal plants. Drought lowers hydropower output and the cooling water available to thermal and nuclear stations. These are common-cause events: one hazard degrades several defences at once.
The energy transition changes the physics as well as the fuel mix. Wind and solar generation is variable and connects through power electronics rather than spinning machines, which alters how systems keep their inertia and stability. Electrifying heat and transport increases dependence on the grid at the moment its operation is changing fastest. Understanding these shifts is a scientific task before it is a policy one.
Energy Nexus studies energy systems as engineered, economic and social systems at once. Its work is designed to produce three kinds of output, each published with its methods, data sources and uncertainty.
Structured, plausible stress cases such as prolonged heat, low wind and low water together, used to test adequacy and restoration assumptions rather than to forecast.
Maps of which services depend on which parts of the energy system, and which parts of the energy system depend on those services in return.
Analysis of how changes in technology, demand and system operation affect reliability, cost exposure and the people who rely on the system.
Methods include load and adequacy models, outage and asset-resilience analysis and storage studies. Energy Nexus does not operate grids, set tariffs, license plants or approve projects.
Every finding rests on methods with a canonical page in the STEM Commons: power systems engineering, energy generation, storage and grid technology, reliability and resilience engineering, optimisation and operations research, forecasting and time-series analysis, network science and contagion, materials science and chemistry and process and industrial safety engineering.
GCRI studies the field as science. Disaster and Crisis Governance at The Global Risks Forum (GRF) convenes institutions on how authorities prepare for and govern infrastructure crises. At The Global Risks Alliance (GRA), Insurance Nexus and Development Finance Nexus build shared industry understanding of how energy risk reaches balance sheets. All counterparts are listed on counterparts across the Consortium, and the wider field is mapped on the Energy field gateway.
Energy Nexus studies the energy systems that every other system runs on: generation and fuels, transmission and distribution grids, storage, heating and cooling, industrial demand, and the regulated boundary where energy science meets nuclear safety. Its pages set out how adequacy and reliability are measured, how weather, water, heat and equipment failure propagate through grids into water, health, communications and finance, and what evidence operators, regulators and ministries use. Every value is labelled by its evidence.
Adequacy of supply, fuel stocks, import dependence and access to modern energy for households and essential services.
Transmission, distribution and cross-border links, and the operating rules that keep frequency and voltage within limits.
Variable wind and solar output, the weather that drives it, and the storage and flexibility that balance it.
Heating and cooling demand under temperature extremes, and the strain coincident peaks place on supply and health.
Hydropower, drought and the cooling water thermal plants need, where energy and water stress arrive together.
Industrial demand, process heat, fuel switching and the material and mineral pathways of the transition.
Outages, black start, restoration sequencing and the critical services that depend on the grid coming back.
The boundary between energy system science and the independent regulation of nuclear and radiological safety.
Every claim on Energy Nexus rests on methods with a canonical page in the STEM Commons, so readers can see what a finding depends on and where its limits lie.
A question becomes evidence, a governed build, an organised community, a controlled test, a reviewed publication and, finally, a decision taken by the competent authority under its own rules.
Each step of the cycle in the pillar it runs in; the decision stays with the competent authority, outside the programme.
Energy Nexus works through six pillars of one annual programme, led by the Nexus Consortium, with GCRI, GRF and GRA each contributing in its role: explore, experiment and prototype in Labs, build, simulate and prepare in Foundry, convene and test in Universe, codify, correct and apply in Nexus Standards, publish in every format in Reports, teach in the open in Risk Academy.
handoff in playrecorded handoffno direct handoff
Programme yearAll phases
Route
The whole programme
Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year’s feedback loops.
L · F · U · S · R · A
and 14 more
GCRI studies a field as science, GRF governs it and GRA builds shared financial understanding of it. Energy Nexus links to its counterparts so that work on one side is visible on the others.
The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.
Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.
Choose a view and press Play to follow the platform’s process, its programme year, the standards it applies and how its findings are published. The outline shows how the work is designed to run, not the status of any decision.
Process explorer · Energy Nexus
8 steps·4 stages
Energy Nexus
Platforms · Programme year · Standards · Reports
A platform joins a field to named methods, labelled evidence and the outputs it publishes, without becoming the authority it serves.
Energy Nexus home · Platforms · Shared methodsAn outline of how the work is designed to run; it does not report the status of any decision or record.
Start from who you are. Answer an open call. Or form and lead a competence cell on the Energy Nexus platform.
Ministries, statistics offices and agencies: a national desk and chapter, and a seat in the working groups. National chapters
Operators, regulators, banks, insurers and professional bodies whose work touches Energy Nexus. Participate
Courses and practice, with a record of every course completed. Free to study. Open learning
Draft, review and adopt the methods and data standards with the working groups. Working groups
Universities, civil society and individual experts: projects, data and review. Write to the team
| Open call | Seeks | Closes |
|---|---|---|
| Founding call for experts to the working groups CALL-FOUNDING-EXPERTS | expert, editor, chair | 2026-12-15 |
| Open nomination for the three independent expert seats of the Global Standards Council CALL-GSC-IND | council-member | 2026-12-01 |
| Nominations of interim regional members (applies only if the transitional provision is decided) CALL-GSC-REG | council-member | 2026-12-15 |
| Review of the wave-1 risk core outlines (C1, C2, C3, C4, C8, C10, C11) CALL-REVIEW-WAVE1 | contributor | 2027-01-31 |
| Experts for the core standards of risk science: uncertainty and evidence grading, scales, structured expert judgement, tolerability, extremes and compound events, catastrophic and existential risk, ethics and equity, units and measurement (NRS-C17 to NRS-C24) CALL-CORE-SCIENCE | expert, editor, chair | 2027-01-31 |
| Independent reviewers for the families of the hazard atlas, three from at least two regions for each family (NHS2-R19), priority families first CALL-ATLAS-REVIEW | expert | 2027-03-31 |
| Members of the interim Frontier Safety Review Panel and red-team reviewers (biosafety and biosecurity, AI safety and security, critical-infrastructure security); applications treated in confidence CALL-FRONTIER-SAFETY-REVIEW | expert | 2026-11-30 |
| Experts in ontology, metrology, software verification and conformity assessment for the requirement register, the NHS-2 machine representation, the conformance test suites and the conformity assessment scheme CALL-CONFORMANCE-ONTOLOGY | expert, editor | 2027-01-31 |
Calls past their closing date are hidden automatically. Every call, proposal and route: open areas and calls.
Bring together three to seven people with complementary skills: data, field practice, policy and communication.
Write to the team with the cell’s name, members, area and region. You receive a reference and a contact. Write to the team
Pick one focus: research and evidence, data and maps, standards review, or community preparedness.
Follow shared study paths at Risk Academy, with practice and a record of every course completed. Hazards and resilience
Hold regular sessions. Publish what the cell learns through Reports. Bring findings to the working groups. Working groups
What a national team or a local community can do on The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX) today.
Open risk profiles for 195 countries, with sources and licences on every value. Open the Index
Correct a value or reply for your country. The change is logged with its effect. Open the Index
Offer a dataset. It enters through the licence gate, with your credit. Open the Index
The Global Risks Index
205 sources·451 indicators·905 hazards·54 series·195 country profiles
Values forming2026-10-23 · 22c6eed
NXS-GRX-AR-000002NXS-GRX-AR-000111NXS-GRX-AR-000068NXS-GRX-AR-000065Country profiles · the world
AFGAfghanistanAGOAngolaALBAlbaniaANDAndorraAREUnited Arab EmiratesARGArgentinaARMArmeniaATGAntigua and BarbudaAUSAustraliaAUTAustriaAZEAzerbaijanBDIBurundiBELBelgiumBENBeninBFABurkina FasoBGDBangladeshBGRBulgariaBHRBahrainBHSBahamasBIHBosnia and HerzegovinaBLRBelarusBLZBelizeBOLBolivia (Plurinational State of)BRABrazilBRBBarbadosBRNBrunei DarussalamBTNBhutanBWABotswanaCAFCentral African RepublicCANCanadaCHESwitzerlandCHLChileCHNChinaCIVCôte d'IvoireCMRCameroonCODDemocratic Republic of the CongoCOGCongoCOLColombiaCOMComorosCPVCabo VerdeCRICosta RicaCUBCubaCYPCyprusCZECzechiaDEUGermanyDJIDjiboutiDMADominicaDNKDenmarkDOMDominican RepublicDZAAlgeriaECUEcuadorEGYEgyptERIEritreaESPSpainESTEstoniaETHEthiopiaFINFinlandFJIFijiFRAFranceFSMMicronesia (Federated States of)GABGabonGBRUnited KingdomGEOGeorgiaGHAGhanaGINGuineaGMBGambiaGNBGuinea-BissauGNQEquatorial GuineaGRCGreeceGRDGrenadaGTMGuatemalaGUYGuyanaHNDHondurasHRVCroatiaHTIHaitiHUNHungaryIDNIndonesiaINDIndiaIRLIrelandIRNIran (Islamic Republic of)IRQIraqISLIcelandISRIsraelITAItalyJAMJamaicaJORJordanJPNJapanKAZKazakhstanKENKenyaKGZKyrgyzstanKHMCambodiaKIRKiribatiKNASaint Kitts and NevisKORRepublic of KoreaKWTKuwaitLAOLao People's Democratic RepublicLBNLebanonLBRLiberiaLBYLibyaLCASaint LuciaLIELiechtensteinLKASri LankaLSOLesothoLTULithuaniaLUXLuxembourgLVALatviaMARMoroccoMCOMonacoMDARepublic of MoldovaMDGMadagascarMDVMaldivesMEXMexicoMHLMarshall IslandsMKDNorth MacedoniaMLIMaliMLTMaltaMMRMyanmarMNEMontenegroMNGMongoliaMOZMozambiqueMRTMauritaniaMUSMauritiusMWIMalawiMYSMalaysiaNAMNamibiaNERNigerNGANigeriaNICNicaraguaNLDNetherlandsNORNorwayNPLNepalNRUNauruNZLNew ZealandOMNOmanPAKPakistanPANPanamaPERPeruPHLPhilippinesPLWPalauPNGPapua New GuineaPOLPolandPRKDemocratic People's Republic of KoreaPRTPortugalPRYParaguayPSEState of PalestineQATQatarROURomaniaRUSRussian FederationRWARwandaSAUSaudi ArabiaSDNSudanSENSenegalSGPSingaporeSLBSolomon IslandsSLESierra LeoneSLVEl SalvadorSMRSan MarinoSOMSomaliaSRBSerbiaSSDSouth SudanSTPSao Tome and PrincipeSURSurinameSVKSlovakiaSVNSloveniaSWESwedenSWZEswatiniSYCSeychellesSYRSyrian Arab RepublicTCDChadTGOTogoTHAThailandTJKTajikistanTKMTurkmenistanTLSTimor-LesteTONTongaTTOTrinidad and TobagoTUNTunisiaTURTürkiyeTUVTuvaluTZAUnited Republic of TanzaniaUGAUgandaUKRUkraineURYUruguayUSAUnited States of AmericaUZBUzbekistanVATHoly SeeVCTSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesVENVenezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)VNMViet NamVUTVanuatuWSMSamoaYEMYemenZAFSouth AfricaZMBZambiaZWEZimbabweEvery country profile carries the source and licence of each value. Correct a value or reply · all country profiles
NXS-GRX-AR-000002HAZCLICONSOCFOOWATHLTENEINFFISFINECOCYBTECENVDEMGOVCRSMACSPCNXS-GRX-AR-000111HAZCLICONHLTNXS-GRX-AR-000068DEMHAZINFSOCCLINXS-GRX-AR-000065CLIHAZENVENEFINNXS-GRX-AR-000059WATHAZCLIHLTFOOENEENVNXS-GRX-AR-000060ENEINFCLIECOCYBMACNXS-GRX-AR-000061FOOWATCLIECOCONSOCENVNXS-GRX-AR-000062HLTSOCDEMWATCLICRSNXS-GRX-AR-000063FISFINECOMACCLINXS-GRX-AR-000064SOCDEMMACHLTGOVNXS-GRX-AR-000066HAZCRSINFSOCFISNXS-GRX-AR-000067INFENECYBHAZWATNXS-GRX-AR-000069ENVCLIWATFOOECONXS-GRX-AR-000070HAZCLIENVSPCTECNXS-GRX-AR-000071CYBTECINFGOVNXS-GRX-AR-000072GOVCRSCONNXS-GRX-AR-000073TECSOCGOVNXS-GRX-AR-000074HAZCLICONFISFOOHLTECONXS-GRX-AR-000075CONGOVDEMFOOSOCNXS-GRX-AR-000076ECOINFENEFOOTECNXS-GRX-AR-000077ECOTECENEENVGOVNXS-GRX-AR-000078FISMACFINHAZNXS-GRX-AR-000079DEMSOCCONCLINXS-GRX-AR-000080FOOWATENECLINXS-GRX-AR-000081FINFISECOMACNXS-GRX-AR-000082ENVCLIWATFOONXS-GRX-AR-000083CYBTECGOVINFNXS-GRX-AR-000084GOVSOCCONCYBNXS-GRX-AR-000085HLTENVCRSGOVNXS-GRX-AR-000086TECECOCYBNXS-GRX-AR-000087SPCHAZHLTTECCONNXS-GRX-AR-000108WATENEFOOHLTENVNXS-GRX-AR-000109HAZCRSINFSOCNXS-GRX-AR-000110FISHAZFINCRSNXS-GRX-AR-000088TECCYBENEWATGOVNXS-GRX-AR-000089CYBINFENENXS-GRX-AR-000090INFCYBTECNXS-GRX-AR-000091TECCYBENENXS-GRX-AR-000092CYBTECFINNXS-GRX-AR-000093TECECOINFNXS-GRX-AR-000094SPCTECINFNXS-GRX-AR-000095TECINFCONNXS-GRX-AR-000096CYBINFTECNXS-GRX-AR-000097TECGOVNXS-GRX-AR-000098CYBGOVSOCNXS-GRX-AR-000099SPCINFCYBNXS-GRX-AR-000100ENETECECOCLINXS-GRX-AR-000101CYBTECNXS-GRX-AR-000102HLTTECGOVNXS-GRX-AR-000103TECECOCYBNXS-GRX-AR-000104FINTECCYBNXS-GRX-AR-000105CLIENVGOVTECNXS-GRX-AR-000106TECHLTGOVNXS-GRX-AR-000107TECCYBHLTGOV905 hazards NHS-1, crosswalked to UNDRR-ISC HIPs GRIx hazards
NXS-GRX-AR-000135NXS-GRX-AR-000138NXS-GRX-AR-000148NXS-GRX-AR-000136NXS-GRX-AR-000137NXS-GRX-AR-000139NXS-GRX-AR-000140NXS-GRX-AR-000141NXS-GRX-AR-000142NXS-GRX-AR-000143NXS-GRX-AR-000144NXS-GRX-AR-000145NXS-GRX-AR-000146NXS-GRX-AR-000147451 indicators NIS-1, 106 composites, 20 domain indices GRIx indicator catalogue
CLIClimate17 seriesCONConflict10 seriesFINFinance8 seriesGOVGovernance17 seriesHAZHazards13 seriesINFInfrastructure16 seriesCRSCrisis7 seriesCYBCyber19 seriesDEMDemography6 seriesECOEconomy13 seriesENEEnergy13 seriesENVEnvironment11 seriesFISFiscal7 seriesFOOFood10 seriesHLTHealth12 seriesMACMacro6 seriesSOCSociety12 seriesSPCSpace5 seriesTECTechnology26 seriesWATWater10 seriesNXS-GRX-AR-000112NXS-GRX-AR-000113NXS-GRX-AR-000114NXS-GRX-AR-000115NXS-GRX-AR-000116NXS-GRX-AR-000117NXS-GRX-AR-000118NXS-GRX-AR-000119NXS-GRX-AR-000120NXS-GRX-AR-000121NXS-GRX-AR-000122NXS-GRX-AR-000123NXS-GRX-AR-000124NXS-GRX-AR-000125NXS-GRX-AR-000126NXS-GRX-AR-000127NXS-GRX-AR-000128NXS-GRX-AR-000129NXS-GRX-AR-000130NXS-GRX-AR-000131NRS-A5Built-in licensing and rightsLicensing: deny by default; withheld values are counted.NRS-A7Accessibility, plain language and translation of standardsAccessibility: WCAG 2.2 AA on every page and figure.NRS-C1Risk vocabulary and ontologyVocabulary and ontology: NIS-1 indicators and NHS-1 hazards as the native terms.NRS-C4Risk data model, identifiers and exchangeRisk records, identifiers and exchange: UNIs, observation keys, SDMX-compatible series.NRS-C8Evidence, uncertainty and provenanceEvery value carries its evidence class, interval and provenance; missing is never zero.NRS-C12Risk disclosure and reportingDisclosure and reporting: method versions, release notes, the correction log.NRS-C13Risk indicators and composite indicesConstruction of every index: normalisation, weighting, aggregation, sensitivity and uncertainty (OECD/JRC handbook).NRS-I2Risk communication and public-safe dashboardsRisk communication and public-safe dashboards: classes with probabilities, no league tables.NRS-I3Model and data cards for riskModel and data cards for every model version and dataset.NRS-M22Method fabric: Risk dataRisk data: licence-gated sources, harmonisation, quality dimensions.NRS-M23Method fabric: Scientific assuranceScientific assurance: validation, verification scorecards, replication packs.NRS-S6System profile: GRIx (Canonical data, provenance and risk)The GRIx system profile: canonical data, provenance and risk.| Source | Origin | Licence | Legal status | Commercial use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
OpenStreetMap building footprints and height tagsosm.vector.buildings | www.openstreetmap.org | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
OpenStreetMap planet extracts and minutely/hourly/daily replicationosm.planet.replication | planet.openstreetmap.org | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
OpenFreeMap Liberty / planet vector tiles (OSM-derived style lineage; public host not used at runtime)osm.openfreemap.liberty | tiles.openfreemap.org | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
VersaTiles OSM Shortbread vector tiles (OSM-derived COP catalog)osm.versatiles.shortbread | tiles.versatiles.org | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
OpenFreeMap public instance (tiles.openfreemap.org) as the browser-direct vector basemap of the Risk Academy non-profit pagesosm.openfreemap.academy-public | tiles.openfreemap.org | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
VersaTiles public tile server (tiles.versatiles.org) as a browser-direct vector basemap of the Risk Academy non-profit pagesosm.versatiles.academy-public | tiles.versatiles.org | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
OpenStreetMap Foundation vector tiles (vector.openstreetmap.org, Shortbread) on the Risk Academy non-profit pages, tiles onlyosm.osmf-vector.academy-public | vector.openstreetmap.org | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
OpenAlex works API (api.openalex.org) as a live research source of the Risk Academy hubopenalex.academy-public | api.openalex.org | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Crossref REST API (api.crossref.org) as a live research source of the Risk Academy hubcrossref.academy-public | api.crossref.org | LicenseRef-Crossref-Metadata-Facts | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Europe PMC RESTful web service (www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc) as a live research and preprint source of the Risk Academy hubeuropepmc.academy-public | www.ebi.ac.uk | LicenseRef-EMBL-EBI-Terms-of-Use | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
GDELT DOC 2.0 API (api.gdeltproject.org) as a live news source of the Risk Academy hubgdelt.academy-public | api.gdeltproject.org | LicenseRef-GDELT-Open-Use-With-Citation | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
ReliefWeb API v2 (api.reliefweb.int) as a live humanitarian source of the Risk Academy hub, once an appname is approvedreliefweb.academy-public | api.reliefweb.int | LicenseRef-ReliefWeb-Terms | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
arXiv API (export.arxiv.org) metadata as a preprint source of the Risk Academy hub, through the relay or the daily snapshotarxiv.academy-public | export.arxiv.org | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Google News RSS search feeds (news.google.com/rss) as headline links on the Risk Academy hub, through the relay or the daily snapshotgoogle-news-rss.academy-public | news.google.com | LicenseRef-Google-News-Feed-Personal-Use-Only | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
Copernicus DEM GLO-30 (30 m global DSM), self-hosted Terrarium terrain archivecopernicus.dem.glo30 | registry.opendata.aws | LicenseRef-Copernicus-DEM | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Sentinel-2 Level-2A surface reflectance COGs (AWS Open Data, Earth Search catalogue)copernicus.sentinel2.l2a.cogs | registry.opendata.aws | LicenseRef-Copernicus-Sentinel-Data | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Copernicus DEM GLO-30 / GLO-90 COGs read on demand by nexus-rastercopernicus.dem.glo30.cogs | registry.opendata.aws | LicenseRef-Copernicus-DEM | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
ESA WorldCover 10 m land cover (2020 / 2021) COGsesa.worldcover.10m | registry.opendata.aws | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
UNDRR-ISC Hazard Definition & Classification Review, 2025 Update of the Technical Report (Hazard Information Profiles classification, identifiers and multi-hazard method)undrr-isc.hip-classification.2025 | doi.org | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Natural Earth 1:110m Admin 0 Countries (bundled same-origin GeoJSON)naturalearth.admin0.110m | www.naturalearthdata.com | LicenseRef-Public-Domain-Natural-Earth | APPROVED | ALLOWED |
geoBoundaries gbOpen administrative boundaries API (ADM0-ADM5)geoboundaries.gbopen | www.geoboundaries.org | Per-boundary source licence (boundaryLicense), admitted per country by the boundary licence gate | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
ohsome OSM history API (operator-bound only)osm.history.ohsome | api.ohsome.org | ODbL-1.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Nexus self-hosted OpenStreetMap planet basemap (Planetiler OpenMapTiles profile, PMTiles)osm.planet.omt.self-hosted | planet.openstreetmap.org | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
OpenStreetMap Overpass API (bounded investigation / gap-fill)osm.overpass | wiki.openstreetmap.org | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
OpenStreetMap planet on the Nexus self-hosted Overpass engine (clone + minute replication)osm.overpass.self-hosted-planet | planet.openstreetmap.org | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
OpenStreetMap regional extracts (Geofabrik download server) for bounded engine buildsosm.geofabric.regional-extracts | download.geofabrik.de | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Overture Maps buildings theme (GeoParquet)overture.buildings | docs.overturemaps.org | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Overture Maps places theme (GeoParquet, read in place)overture.places | docs.overturemaps.org | CDLA-Permissive-2.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
City of Toronto Open Data asset registers (facilities, infrastructure and heritage datasets)toronto.open-data.asset-registers | open.toronto.ca | Open Government Licence – Toronto (based on version 1.0 of the Open Government Licence – Ontario); not yet reviewed | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Ontario Data Catalogue asset registers (provincial facilities and infrastructure datasets)ontario.data-catalogue.asset-registers | data.ontario.ca | Open Government Licence – Ontario; not yet reviewed | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
GlobalBuildingAtlas ODbL building polygons (OSM + Microsoft), research isolatedgba.odbl.polygon | huggingface.co | ODbL-1.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | PROHIBITED |
GlobalBuildingAtlas non-ODbL polygons (Google Open Buildings, CLSM, PSR-derived)gba.bync.polygon | huggingface.co | CC-BY-NC-4.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | PROHIBITED |
GlobalBuildingAtlas LoD1 JSON linking polygons to height/variancegba.bync.lod1 | huggingface.co | CC-BY-NC-4.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | PROHIBITED |
GlobalBuildingAtlas 3 m building height GeoTIFF (GBA.Height)gba.bync.height | mediatum.ub.tum.de | CC-BY-NC-4.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | PROHIBITED |
GlobalBuildingAtlas generation software (im2bf, im2bh, produce_lod1)gba.generation.code | github.com | MIT-with-Commons-Clause | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
AlphaEarth Foundations Satellite Embedding dataset (annual, 64-band, 10 m)alphaearth.satellite-embedding.annual | developers.google.com | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
geoBoundaries gbOpen ADM0 to ADM5 boundaries (William & Mary geoLab)geoboundaries.gbopen.adm | www.geoboundaries.org | NOASSERTION | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
UN OCHA Common Operational Datasets, Administrative Boundaries (COD-AB, P-codes) on HDXocha.cod-ab | data.humdata.org | Per-country licence published on HDX (license_id), admitted per country by the boundary licence gate | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
UN Second Administrative Level Boundaries (SALB), UN Geospatial / UN Statistics Divisionun.salb.adm | salb.un.org | SALB Terms of Use (2021). Copyright vested in the United Nations; "The SALB Data may be used…SALB Terms of Use (2021). Copyright vested in the United Nations; "The SALB Data may be used for only non-commercial purposes"; users are prohibited from changing the geometry or content without consent of the Contributor; derived products must credit "from SALB Data, United Nations" and the Contributor; access is revocable and non-transferable. | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | PROHIBITED |
UN Geodata country boundaries (UN Geospatial BNDA, the basis of the UN Clear Map)un.geodata.bnda | www.un.org | Terms of Use of the UN Geodata: designed for the production of maps for the UN Secretariat;…Terms of Use of the UN Geodata: designed for the production of maps for the UN Secretariat; Outside Users may use the Data only for the purpose identified by the Geospatial Information Section; "Under no circumstances may the Data be used for commercial purposes"; the UN must be recognised as the source unless the data is altered or combined. | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | PROHIBITED |
U.S. Census Bureau TIGERweb States and Counties (TIGER/Line geography)us.census.tigerweb.adm | tigerweb.geo.census.gov | LicenseRef-US-Government-Work | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Statistics Canada 2021 Census Cartographic Boundary Files (provinces and territories, census divisions, census subdivisions)ca.statcan.boundary-files | geo.statcan.gc.ca | Open Government Licence - Canada, version 2.0 (open.canada.ca record "2021 Census - Boundary…Open Government Licence - Canada, version 2.0 (open.canada.ca record "2021 Census - Boundary files", license_id ca-ogl-lgo; the service description states "Use Limitation: Open Government Licence - Canada"). Worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual, non-exclusive licence to copy, modify, publish, translate, adapt, distribute or otherwise use the Information, including for commercial purposes, on condition that the source is acknowledged ("Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada") and no official status or endorsement is implied. Approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-goc-ogl-canada-boundaries). | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
INSPIRE Administrative Units (EU Member State national mapping and cadastral agencies)eu.inspire.au | inspire.ec.europa.eu | Set per Member State dataset (no single licence). Each national dataset needs its own licence…Set per Member State dataset (no single licence). Each national dataset needs its own licence check before it can be admitted. | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
ISO 3166-1 country codes and ISO 3166-2 subdivision codes (International Organization for Standardization)iso.3166 | www.iso.org | ISO copyright. ISO's help centre: purchased Country Codes "can be downloaded to your database…ISO copyright. ISO's help centre: purchased Country Codes "can be downloaded to your database and used in order to implement the standard ISO 3166. However, selling them to others and further reproduction is not permitted." | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Unicode CLDR subdivision ids and names (ISO 3166-2 based)unicode.cldr.subdivisions | github.com | Unicode-3.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
UN Statistics Division, Standard country or area codes for statistical use (M49)unsd.m49 | unstats.un.org | United Nations terms of use (code list; attribution) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
GADM database of Global Administrative Areasgadm.boundaries | gadm.org | GADM licence (free for academic and other non-commercial use; commercial use not allowed without permission) | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
World Bank Open Data (Indicators API v2, World Development Indicators and other catalogue datasets)worldbank.open-data | api.worldbank.org | CC-BY-4.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Eurostat dissemination API (SDMX 2.1 / JSON-stat statistics)eurostat.dissemination | ec.europa.eu | CC-BY-4.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
OECD Data Explorer SDMX APIoecd.data-explorer | sdmx.oecd.org | CC-BY-4.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
UNdata (United Nations Statistics Division data portal)un.data | data.un.org | UNdata terms of use (free of charge; may be copied and redistributed provided UNdata is cited as the reference) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
GBIF occurrence API and downloads (Global Biodiversity Information Facility)gbif.occurrence | api.gbif.org | Per-dataset CC0 1.0, CC BY 4.0 or CC BY-NC 4.0 (set by each data publisher) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
ERA5 reanalysis via the Copernicus Climate Data Store (C3S / ECMWF)ecmwf.era5.cds | cds.climate.copernicus.eu | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NOAA NWS National Hurricane Center active storms, forecast tracks and cones (Atlantic, East and Central Pacific)noaa.nhc.tropical-cyclones | www.nhc.noaa.gov | U.S. Government work (NOAA NWS National Hurricane Center), public domain per the NHC…U.S. Government work (NOAA NWS National Hurricane Center), public domain per the NHC disclaimer; approved by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-noaa-nhc-nws-spc) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NOAA NCEI Access Data Service (climate observations and archives)noaa.ncei.access | www.ncei.noaa.gov | U.S. Government work (public domain) except datasets that carry their own restrictions (e.g. some non-U.S. station data) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
NASA Earthdata Common Metadata Repository (CMR) searchnasa.earthdata.cmr | cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov | NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Alaska Satellite Facility DAAC (ASF) data pool downloadsnasa.earthdata.daac.asf | asf.alaska.edu | NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as…NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as stated on the NASA Earthdata open data policy page; per-collection terms not reviewed | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Land Processes DAAC (LP DAAC, USGS EROS) on-premises data pool downloadsnasa.earthdata.daac.lpdaac | lpdaac.usgs.gov | NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as…NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as stated on the NASA Earthdata open data policy page; per-collection terms not reviewed | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
National Snow and Ice Data Center DAAC (NSIDC) downloadsnasa.earthdata.daac.nsidc | nsidc.org | NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as…NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as stated on the NASA Earthdata open data policy page; per-collection terms not reviewed | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Oak Ridge National Laboratory DAAC (ORNL DAAC) downloadsnasa.earthdata.daac.ornl | daac.ornl.gov | NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as…NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as stated on the NASA Earthdata open data policy page; per-collection terms not reviewed | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Physical Oceanography DAAC (PO.DAAC, JPL) tool and OPeNDAP hostsnasa.earthdata.daac.podaac | podaac.jpl.nasa.gov | NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as…NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as stated on the NASA Earthdata open data policy page; per-collection terms not reviewed | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) on-premises hostsnasa.earthdata.daac.gesdisc | disc.gsfc.nasa.gov | NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as…NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested), as stated on the NASA Earthdata open data policy page; per-collection terms not reviewed | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
EM-DAT international disaster database (CRED, UCLouvain)emdat.cred | www.emdat.be | EM-DAT terms of use (registration required; free for non-commercial use; commercial use needs a CRED licence) | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
NOAA National Weather Service API active alerts (CAP v1.2 as GeoJSON)noaa.nws.alerts | api.weather.gov | U.S. Government work (NOAA National Weather Service), public domain per the NWS disclaimer;…U.S. Government work (NOAA National Weather Service), public domain per the NWS disclaimer; approved by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-noaa-nhc-nws-spc) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NOAA National Weather Service API points metadata and gridpoint forecastsnoaa.nws.points | api.weather.gov | U.S. Government work (NOAA National Weather Service), public domain per the NWS disclaimer;…U.S. Government work (NOAA National Weather Service), public domain per the NWS disclaimer; approved by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-noaa-nhc-nws-spc) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NOAA NWS Storm Prediction Center convective outlooks (GeoJSON) and preliminary storm reports (CSV)noaa.spc.products | www.spc.noaa.gov | U.S. Government work (NOAA NWS Storm Prediction Center), public domain per the NWS disclaimer;…U.S. Government work (NOAA NWS Storm Prediction Center), public domain per the NWS disclaimer; approved by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-noaa-nhc-nws-spc) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
MET Norway Locationforecast 2.0 (api.met.no point forecasts)metno.locationforecast | api.met.no | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET) v3 eventsnasa.eonet.events | eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov | NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; acknowledgement…NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; acknowledgement requested); EONET metadata is subject to the EONET disclaimer; event source links keep their own terms; approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-open-weather-sources) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) Open Data server (opendata.dwd.de)dwd.opendata | opendata.dwd.de | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Environment and Climate Change Canada MSC GeoMet (OGC API / WMS) and MSC Datamarteccc.geomet | api.weather.gc.ca | Environment and Climate Change Canada Data Servers End-use Licence (the licence page does not…Environment and Climate Change Canada Data Servers End-use Licence (the licence page does not name the Open Government Licence - Canada); approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-open-weather-sources) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
ECMWF open data (IFS and AIFS real-time forecasts)ecmwf.open-data | data.ecmwf.int | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Copernicus Emergency Management Service rapid mapping activations and productscopernicus.ems.rapid-mapping | rapidmapping.emergency.copernicus.eu | Copernicus free, full and open data policy (Delegated Regulation (EU) 1159/2013, Regulation…Copernicus free, full and open data policy (Delegated Regulation (EU) 1159/2013, Regulation (EU) 377/2014; the EMS terms page now cites Regulation (EU) 2021/696); approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-owner-top-sources) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
GloFAS global flood forecasts and reanalysis (CEMS-Floods, Early Warning Data Store)copernicus.glofas | ewds.climate.copernicus.eu | CEMS-FLOODS datasets licence (rev. 1); approved with conditions by the repository owner on…CEMS-FLOODS datasets licence (rev. 1); approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-owner-top-sources) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
JRC global river flood hazard maps (flood depth by return period, European Commission JRC)jrc.global-river-flood-hazard-maps | data.jrc.ec.europa.eu | Not recorded in the repository; the release-specific terms (JRC Data Catalogue record or the…Not recorded in the repository; the release-specific terms (JRC Data Catalogue record or the CEMS-Floods distribution) must be confirmed by Legal/IP per release | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
WRI Aqueduct Floods hazard maps (riverine and coastal inundation depth by return period and scenario)wri.aqueduct-floods | www.wri.org | Not recorded in the repository; WRI dataset terms for the Aqueduct Floods release must be confirmed by Legal/IP | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
WRI Aqueduct 4.0 Water Risk Atlas indicators (baseline water stress and related sub-basin indicators; baseline and SSP projections)wri.aqueduct-4.0-water-risk-atlas | www.wri.org | Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International as stated in the Aqueduct FAQ…Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International as stated in the Aqueduct FAQ (https://www.wri.org/aqueduct/faq, retrieved 2026-10-12: the Aqueduct 4.0 database is licensed under the "Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License"); the data page lists only "Creative Commons". Not confirmed by Legal/IP | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
World Database on Protected and Conserved Areas (WDPCA, formerly WDPA) via Protected Planet (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN)unep-wcmc.wdpa | www.protectedplanet.net | Protected Planet terms of use (https://www.protectedplanet.net/en/legal, retrieved 2026-10-12):…Protected Planet terms of use (https://www.protectedplanet.net/en/legal, retrieved 2026-10-12): the materials and derived works may not be put to Commercial Use without the prior written permission of UNEP-WCMC (commercial use covers use by, for or to inform a for-profit entity and revenue generation by individuals or non-profits; UNEP-WCMC decides what is commercial; commercial users are referred to IBAT); no redistribution or sub-licensing of the data, including within derived works, without permission | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | PROHIBITED |
World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas (BirdLife International on behalf of the KBA Partnership)birdlife.kba | www.keybiodiversityareas.org | KBA terms of service (https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/termsofservice, retrieved…KBA terms of service (https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/termsofservice, retrieved 2026-10-12): KBA data may not be used for Commercial Use (use by, on behalf of, or to inform or assist a commercial entity, or revenue generation by individuals or non-profits) without the prior written approval of the KBA Secretariat; KBA Partners license commercial use through IBAT; no reposting, sublicensing, resale or redistribution, including within derivative works, without written permission; non-commercial conservation, education, scientific analysis and research use permitted without prior permission | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | PROHIBITED |
CHIRPS quasi-global gridded precipitation (UC Santa Barbara Climate Hazards Center)ucsb-chc.chirps | www.chc.ucsb.edu | Copyright waiver stated on https://www.chc.ucsb.edu/data/chirps (retrieved 2026-10-12): "To the…Copyright waiver stated on https://www.chc.ucsb.edu/data/chirps (retrieved 2026-10-12): "To the extent possible under the law, Pete Peterson has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to CHIRPS. CHIRPS data is in the public domain as registered with Creative Commons." (a CC0-style waiver; SPDX identifier not confirmed by Legal/IP) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
GEM Global Seismic Hazard Map (PGA for a stated probability of exceedance, Global Earthquake Model Foundation)gem.global-seismic-hazard-map | www.globalquakemodel.org | Not recorded in the repository; the plan records GEM hazard products as expected non-commercial…Not recorded in the repository; the plan records GEM hazard products as expected non-commercial (human gate G2); terms must be confirmed by Legal/IP | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
NOAA Multi-Radar/Multi-Sensor System (MRMS) on AWS (NOAA Open Data Dissemination)noaa.mrms.aws | noaa-mrms-pds.s3.amazonaws.com | U.S. Government work, public domain; NOAA Open Data Dissemination ("open to the public and can…U.S. Government work, public domain; NOAA Open Data Dissemination ("open to the public and can be used as desired"); approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-owner-top-sources) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NOAA GOES-16/18/19 ABI and GLM on AWS (NOAA Open Data Dissemination)noaa.goes.aws | noaa-goes19.s3.amazonaws.com | U.S. Government work, public domain; NOAA Open Data Dissemination ("open to the public and can…U.S. Government work, public domain; NOAA Open Data Dissemination ("open to the public and can be used as desired"); approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-owner-top-sources) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NOAA High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) on AWS (NOAA Open Data Dissemination)noaa.hrrr.aws | noaa-hrrr-bdp-pds.s3.amazonaws.com | U.S. Government work, public domain; NOAA Open Data Dissemination ("open to the public and can…U.S. Government work, public domain; NOAA Open Data Dissemination ("open to the public and can be used as desired"); approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-owner-top-sources) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
WMO Alert Hub / Register of Alerting Authorities CAP official alertswmo.cap.alert-hub | alertingauthority.wmo.int | WMO Unified Data Policy (Resolution 1, Cg-Ext(2021)), free and unrestricted exchange, plus each…WMO Unified Data Policy (Resolution 1, Cg-Ext(2021)), free and unrestricted exchange, plus each issuing alerting authority's own terms; approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-owner-top-sources) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
USGS Water Data APIs (NWIS instantaneous and daily values, OGC API)usgs.waterdata | api.waterdata.usgs.gov | U.S. Public Domain (USGS information policy); approved with conditions by the repository owner…U.S. Public Domain (USGS information policy); approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-11 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-11-owner-top-sources) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL, European Commission JRC)jrc.ghsl | jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
WorldPop gridded population and REST API (University of Southampton)worldpop.population | hub.worldpop.org | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
INFORM Risk Index (European Commission JRC, Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Centre)jrc.inform.risk | drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Statistics Canada Web Data Service (WDS) and 2021 Census Profile (SDMX API, CSD / DA level)statcan.wds-census | www150.statcan.gc.ca | Statistics Canada Open Licence (statcan.gc.ca/en/terms-conditions/open-licence, date modified…Statistics Canada Open Licence (statcan.gc.ca/en/terms-conditions/open-licence, date modified 2025-07-10; no version number stated) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NRCan CanElevation High Resolution Digital Elevation Model (HRDEM, DTM / DSM; STAC and GeoTIFF)nrcan.canelevation.hrdem | datacube.services.geo.ca | Open Government Licence - Canada 2.0 (stated on the open.canada.ca dataset record 957782bf-847c-4644-a757-e383c0057995) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NRCan Flood Hazard Identification and Mapping Program (FHIMP) flood hazard datanrcan.flood-hazard-mapping | natural-resources.canada.ca | Not stated on the FHIMP programme page (retrieved 2026-10-11); NRCan open.canada.ca records use…Not stated on the FHIMP programme page (retrieved 2026-10-11); NRCan open.canada.ca records use the Open Government Licence - Canada 2.0, but provincial and municipal flood maps produced with FHIMP funding may carry their own licences. Per-dataset check required. | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
City of Toronto Open Data portal (CKAN API)toronto.open-data | ckan0.cf.opendata.inter.prod-toronto.ca | Open Government Licence - Toronto 1.0 (open.toronto.ca/open-data-licence, retrieved 2026-10-11) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Ontario Data Catalogue (data.ontario.ca, CKAN API)ontario.data-catalogue | data.ontario.ca | Open Government Licence - Ontario 1.0 (ontario.ca/page/open-government-licence-ontario, retrieved 2026-10-11) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
OpenStreetMap Foundation standard tile server, BLOCKED for Nexusosm.tiles.osmf-standard | operations.osmfoundation.org | ODbL-1.0 | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
OpenStreetMap US community tile service (default tiles of the OSM Americana style), BLOCKED for Nexusosm-us.tile-service | tiles.openstreetmap.us | ODbL-1.0 | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
OSM Americana map style (CC0 style code, drawn on the self-hosted OpenMapTiles archive)osm.americana.style | github.com | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
OpenMapTiles vector tile schema and cartographic designopenmaptiles.schema | github.com | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Shortbread vector tile schema (VersaTiles basemap schema)shortbread.schema | shortbread-tiles.org | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Protomaps basemap daily planet builds (PMTiles, ODbL produced work), copied to Nexus storageprotomaps.basemap.daily-builds | maps.protomaps.com | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Protomaps hosted Tile API, BLOCKED (commercial use requires paid sponsorship)protomaps.api.hosted | protomaps.com | ODbL-1.0 | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
MapLibre demo tiles and style, BLOCKED (demo / CI set containing CC BY-NC-SA imagery)maplibre.demotiles | github.com | LicenseRef-Mixed-Including-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0 | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
Overture Maps base theme (land, water, land use, infrastructure; GeoParquet, ODbL family)overture.base | docs.overturemaps.org | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Overture Maps transportation theme (segments, connectors; GeoParquet, ODbL family)overture.transportation | docs.overturemaps.org | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Overture Maps divisions theme (administrative divisions and boundaries; GeoParquet, ODbL family)overture.divisions | docs.overturemaps.org | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Overture Maps addresses theme, BLOCKED until a per-source licence gate existsoverture.addresses | docs.overturemaps.org | Per-source ("All carry permissive open licenses. Some have special terms or require attribution."); not uniform | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Overture official PMTiles (overturemaps-extras bucket), BLOCKED for production by the publisheroverture.pmtiles.inspection | docs.overturemaps.org | LicenseRef-Overture-Per-Theme | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
Natural Earth vector and raster data, all scales (1:10m, 1:50m, 1:110m), bundled same-originnaturalearth.all-scales | www.naturalearthdata.com | LicenseRef-Public-Domain-Natural-Earth | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Microsoft Global ML Building Footprints (permissive family)microsoft.global-ml-building-footprints | github.com | CDLA-Permissive-2.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Google Open Buildings v3 polygons (used under CC BY 4.0, permissive family)google.open-buildings.v3 | sites.research.google | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Google Open Buildings 2.5D Temporal dataset, BLOCKED (licence not stated on the retrieved page)google.open-buildings.temporal | sites.research.google | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
GEBCO global bathymetric grid (self-hosted bathymetry / hillshade tiles)gebco.grid | www.gebco.net | LicenseRef-Public-Domain-GEBCO | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
OpenAerialMap / Open Imagery Network imagery (per-image COGs, CC BY 4.0)openaerialmap.oin | openaerialmap.org | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
EOxCloudless / Sentinel-2 cloudless mosaics (all years), BLOCKED (commercial use needs an EOX licence)eox.sentinel2-cloudless | cloudless.eox.at | LicenseRef-EOX-Commercial-Attribution-RestrictedUse-1.2 | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
Mapzen / AWS Terrain Tiles (Terrarium, multi-source), BLOCKED (EU-DEM component licence not stated)aws.terrain-tiles.mapzen | registry.opendata.aws | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
OpenSeaMap seamark chart tiles, BLOCKED (no tile usage policy published; render seamarks from the OSM planet instead)openseamap.chart-tiles | wiki.openstreetmap.org | CC-BY-SA-2.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
OpenRailwayMap tile servers, BLOCKED for for-profit use by the operatoropenrailwaymap.tiles | wiki.openstreetmap.org | CC-BY-SA-2.0 | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
Wikimedia Maps tile service, BLOCKED (Wikimedia projects only)wikimedia.maps.tiles | foundation.wikimedia.org | ODbL-1.0 | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
Who's On First gazetteer, BLOCKED until a per-source licence gate existswhosonfirst.gazetteer | whosonfirst.org | Per-source (CC BY 2.5 / 3.0 / 4.0, CC0, MPL-2.0, Open Government Licences, custom terms, some…Per-source (CC BY 2.5 / 3.0 / 4.0, CC0, MPL-2.0, Open Government Licences, custom terms, some sources with no licence link) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
OpenAddresses aggregated address data, BLOCKED until a per-source licence gate existsopenaddresses.global | github.com | Per-source; the data "is not relicensed from the original sources" and "Individual sources will have their own licenses" | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
GeoNames gazetteer (daily dumps, self-hosted)geonames.gazetteer | www.geonames.org | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
USGS The National Map basemap services and data (US public domain)usgs.national-map | www.usgs.gov | LicenseRef-US-Public-Domain | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products (CORINE, high-resolution layers, global land products)copernicus.clms.land | land.copernicus.eu | LicenseRef-Copernicus-Data-Policy | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
IMF data services (DataMapper, SDMX: WEO/IFS)imf.data | data.imf.org | "IMF terms — attribution required" (adapter string; terms version not recorded) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
WHO Global Health Observatory (OData API)who.gho | www.who.int | "WHO CC BY-NC-SA / terms" (adapter string; not verified) | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
FAOSTAT statistical databasefao.faostat | www.fao.org | CC BY 4.0 unless the dataset metadata states otherwise; third-party series excluded (FAO…CC BY 4.0 unless the dataset metadata states otherwise; third-party series excluded (FAO database terms of use, https://www.fao.org/contact-us/terms/db-terms-of-use/en/, read 2026-10-19); the earlier adapter string read CC BY-NC-SA | PROHIBITED | PROHIBITED |
UNHCR Refugee Data Finder APIunhcr.refugee-statistics | www.unhcr.org | "CC BY 4.0" (adapter string; not verified) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
ACLED Armed Conflict Location & Event Dataacled.events | acleddata.com | ACLED End User License Agreement (EULA), "Last Updated 8 July 2025" (retrieved 2026-10-12; not…ACLED End User License Agreement (EULA), "Last Updated 8 July 2025" (retrieved 2026-10-12; not an open licence and not yet reviewed by Legal/IP) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset (GED) and Candidate Events (Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Uppsala University)ucdp.ged | ucdp.uu.se | CC-BY-4.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
DesInventar disaster loss databases (UNDRR)undrr.desinventar | www.desinventar.net | "DesInventar / UNDRR terms / fixture metadata" (connector string) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
IPC Integrated Food Security Phase Classificationipc.classification | www.ipcinfo.org | "IPC public" (connector string; terms not recorded) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
FEWS NET Famine Early Warning Systems Network datafewsnet.data | fews.net | "FEWS NET terms / fixture metadata" (connector string) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
NGFS climate scenarios (IIASA NGFS Scenario Explorer)ngfs.scenarios | data.ece.iiasa.ac.at | Not recorded in the repository; scenario-explorer terms must be recorded by Legal/IP per phase | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
JRC global flood depth-damage functions (Huizinga, de Moel, Szewczyk 2017, EUR 28552 EN)jrc.global-flood-depth-damage | publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu | Not recorded in the repository; the report and its database are JRC publications whose reuse…Not recorded in the repository; the report and its database are JRC publications whose reuse terms (EC legal notice or a dataset-specific licence) must be confirmed by Legal/IP | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, Revision 5 (ISIC Rev.5), United Nations Statistics Divisionun.isic-rev5 | unstats.un.org | United Nations publication; reuse terms not recorded in the repository. The UN website terms of…United Nations publication; reuse terms not recorded in the repository. The UN website terms of use page (un.org) could not be retrieved when this row was written (HTTP 403), so no licence text was read. Legal/IP must record the UN terms of use and any ISIC-specific copyright statement | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Earth Index embeddings (Earth Genome; SoftCon, 384-d, Sentinel-2 annual mosaics, GeoParquet points)earthgenome.earth-index.embeddings | source.coop | CC-BY-4.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Panoramax street-level pictures (federated instances; per-picture licence)panoramax.street-level.pictures | api.panoramax.xyz | Per picture as stated by the originating instance (etalab-2.0 or CC-BY-SA-4.0 observed 2026-10-12) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Mapillary street-level images (Graph API v4)mapillary.street-level.images | www.mapillary.com | CC-BY-SA-4.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
NASA ICESat-2 ATLAS products ATL03, ATL06 and ATL08 (NSIDC DAAC)nasa.icesat2.atlas | nsidc.org | NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
NASA GEDI footprint products L2A, L2B (LP DAAC) and L4A (ORNL DAAC)nasa.gedi.footprints | gedi.umd.edu | NASA Earth Science Data and Information Policy (full and open sharing; citation requested) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
NOAA GFS forecast (global 0.25 degree, 0-16 day) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.2.7)dynamical.noaa-gfs-forecast | dynamical.org | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NOAA GFS analysis (global 0.25 degree, hourly) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.1.0)dynamical.noaa-gfs-analysis | dynamical.org | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NOAA GEFS ensemble forecast (global, 31 members, 0-35 day) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.2.0)dynamical.noaa-gefs-forecast-35-day | dynamical.org | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NOAA GEFS analysis (global 0.25 degree) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.1.2)dynamical.noaa-gefs-analysis | dynamical.org | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NOAA HRRR forecast (CONUS 3 km, 0-48 hour) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.1.0)dynamical.noaa-hrrr-forecast-48-hour | dynamical.org | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NOAA HRRR analysis (CONUS 3 km, hourly) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.2.0)dynamical.noaa-hrrr-analysis | dynamical.org | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NOAA MRMS CONUS hourly precipitation analysis (0.01 degree) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.3.0)dynamical.noaa-mrms-conus-analysis-hourly | dynamical.org | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
ECMWF IFS ENS forecast (global 0.25 degree, 51 members, 0-15 day) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.1.0)dynamical.ecmwf-ifs-ens-forecast-15-day-0-25-degree | dynamical.org | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
ECMWF AIFS Single forecast (global 0.25 degree, 0-15 day) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.1.0)dynamical.ecmwf-aifs-single-forecast | dynamical.org | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
DWD ICON-EU forecast (Europe, 0-5 day) via dynamical.org (Zarr v0.2.0)dynamical.dwd-icon-eu-forecast-5-day | dynamical.org | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
CelesTrak GP orbital element sets (OMM JSON) for the Maps satellite layercelestrak.gp.elements | celestrak.org | CelesTrak usage policy (free public GP data; attribution to CelesTrak; one download per group per 2-hour update cycle) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
SGP4 verification element sets and reference states (Vallado, Crawford, Hujsak, Kelso, AIAA 2006-6753)aiaa-2006-6753.sgp4-verification | celestrak.org | Published verification data accompanying the AIAA 2006-6753 paper; no explicit licence stated | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | PROHIBITED |
USGS Earthquake Hazards Program GeoJSON summary feeds for the Maps live earthquake layerusgs.earthquake.summary-feeds | earthquake.usgs.gov | U.S. Government work (public domain); USGS asks that it be acknowledged as the source; approved…U.S. Government work (public domain); USGS asks that it be acknowledged as the source; approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-20 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-20-owner-hex-coherence, adopting the KEEP decision in docs/legal/LICENCE_DECISIONS_AND_AUDIT_2026-10-19.md) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
USGS ShakeMap event products (grid.xml MMI / PGA grid and MMI contours) for live event response and exposure accumulationusgs.shakemap.event-products | earthquake.usgs.gov | U.S. Government work (public domain); USGS asks that it be acknowledged as the source; approved…U.S. Government work (public domain); USGS asks that it be acknowledged as the source; approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-16 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-16-owner-hex-integrations) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NOAA NHC / CPHC tropical cyclone advisory GIS (active storms, wind swath, forecast wind radii, forecast cone) for live event responsenoaa.nhc.advisory-gis | www.nhc.noaa.gov | U.S. Government work (NOAA/NWS), public domain; not to be modified and presented as official…U.S. Government work (NOAA/NWS), public domain; not to be modified and presented as official government material; no endorsement implied; approved with conditions by the repository owner on 2026-10-16 (legal/registers/legal-approvals.yaml#LA-2026-10-16-owner-hex-integrations) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NASA FIRMS near-real-time active fire detections (area API, VIIRS / MODIS) for the Maps live fire layernasa.firms.area-active-fires | firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov | NASA Earth science data and information policy (no restriction on use; citation requested);…NASA Earth science data and information policy (no restriction on use; citation requested); FIRMS transaction limits per MAP_KEY | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
GTFS-Realtime vehicle positions from feeds registered by an administrator (per agency) for the Maps transit layergtfs-rt.tenant-registered-vehicle-positions | gtfs.org | Per agency feed licence (recorded in the Geo Provider Registry licence acknowledgement note for each feed) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Fintraffic Digitraffic marine AIS positions and vessel metadata (Finnish AIS reporting area) for the Maps live vessel layerfintraffic.digitraffic.marine-ais | www.digitraffic.fi | CC-BY-4.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Fintraffic Digitraffic road weather camera stations and preset images for the Maps live traffic camera layerfintraffic.digitraffic.road-weathercam | www.digitraffic.fi | CC-BY-4.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
IGN LiDAR HD classified point clouds (France; COPC LAZ, Lambert-93, IGN69 heights)ign.lidar-hd.point-clouds | www.data.gouv.fr | etalab-2.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
USGS 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) LiDAR as Entwine Point Tiles (AWS Open Data, usgs-lidar-public)usgs.3dep.ept | registry.opendata.aws | LicenseRef-US-Government-Public-Domain | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland AHN5 point clouds (LAZ per map sheet, RD New + NAP, EPSG:7415)ahn.ahn5.point-clouds | www.ahn.nl | CC0-1.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Fields of the World global field boundaries (PRUE model predictions on Sentinel-2, GeoParquet partitioned by country)ftw.global-field-boundaries | source.coop | CC-BY-4.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Public GIS portal directory (US federal, 50 states + DC, cities, counties, regional bodies; HUB Ocean Ocean Data Platform)gis-portal-directory | platform/source-registry/gis-portal-directory.yaml | NOASSERTION | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
GTFS Schedule (static) transit feeds uploaded by a workspace or read from a registered agency feed URL, for the transit feed registry and transit plansgtfs-static.tenant-registered-schedule-feeds | gtfs.org | Per agency feed licence, declared by the registering tenant per feed version (SPDX id or terms…Per agency feed licence, declared by the registering tenant per feed version (SPDX id or terms URL) and recorded with its attribution text | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Open-Meteo weather and flood API data (forecast, archived forecasts, GloFAS river discharge)open-meteo.weather-flood-data | open-meteo.com | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | PROHIBITED |
NASA GIBS WMTS imagery (EPSG:4326) for the Water Nexus mapnasa.gibs.water-layers | gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
GPM IMERG precipitation rate (daily and half-hourly, near real time) via NASA GIBSnasa.gpm.imerg | gpm.nasa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
VIIRS near-real-time products via NASA GIBS: Global Flood Product (3-day), land surface temperature, NDSI snow cover, corrected reflectancenasa.lance.viirs-water | www.earthdata.nasa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
SMAP Level 4 analysed soil moisture (surface, root zone) and snow mass via NASA GIBSnasa.smap.l4 | nsidc.org | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
GHRSST MUR sea surface temperature anomaly (MUR25) and sea ice concentration (MUR) via NASA GIBSnasa.podaac.ghrsst-mur | podaac.jpl.nasa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
GRACE and GRACE-FO JPL mascon liquid water equivalent thickness anomaly (monthly) via NASA GIBSnasa.podaac.grace-fo-mascon | grace.jpl.nasa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
GLDAS Noah land surface model underground soil moisture (monthly) via NASA GIBSnasa.gesdisc.gldas | ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NASA Blue Marble shaded relief and bathymetry (static composite) via NASA GIBSnasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble | earthobservatory.nasa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003 greyscale shaded relief via NASA GIBSnasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3 | doi.org | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NASA GIBS WMTS imagery (EPSG:4326) for the Energy, Food, Health and Biodiversity Nexus mapsnasa.gibs.field-layers | gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NASA GIBS reference layers (Coastlines, Reference_Features, Reference_Labels), OpenStreetMap-derived, EPSG:3857nasa.gibs.reference-osm | gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights (daily VNP46A2 gap-filled radiance; 2016 composite) via NASA GIBSnasa.laads.black-marble | blackmarble.gsfc.nasa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
FIRMS VIIRS 375 m active fires and thermal anomalies (near real time, vector tiles) via NASA GIBSnasa.lance.firms | firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
MERRA-2 reanalysis monthly incident shortwave over land and dust surface PM2.5 via NASA GIBSnasa.gmao.merra2 | gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
MODIS and VIIRS atmosphere products (aerosol optical depth, cloud fraction) via NASA GIBSnasa.modis-viirs.atmosphere | www.earthdata.nasa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
MODIS land products (NDVI, EVI, gross primary production, IGBP land cover) via NASA GIBSnasa.modis-viirs.land | lpdaac.usgs.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
OMI tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (Aura) and OMPS aerosol index (Suomi NPP) via NASA GIBSnasa.gesdisc.aura-omi-omps | disc.gsfc.nasa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
MODIS Aqua ocean colour chlorophyll-a (Level 2) via NASA GIBSnasa.obdaac.ocean-color | oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
WRI Global Power Plant Database v1.3.0 (2021) for the Energy Nexus mapwri.global-power-plant-database | datasets.wri.org | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
WRI Aqueduct 4.0 baseline water risk (2023 release) summarised to hexagons for the Water and Food Nexus mapswri.aqueduct-4 | www.wri.org | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
SEDAC Gridded Population of the World v4.11 population density (2020) via NASA GIBS for the Health Nexus mapsedac.gpw-v4 | doi.org | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NASA GIBS WMTS imagery (EPSG:3857) for the live, observed and reference layers of the public context mapsnasa.gibs.context-live-layers | gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NASA SEDAC settlement and urban heat layers via NASA GIBS (HBASE 2010, urban expansion to 2030, urban heat island 2013)sedac.context-urban-layers | gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
OpenStreetMap-derived place names and borders rendered by NASA GIBS (Reference_Labels_15m)osm.gibs-reference-labels | gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Open-Meteo free API on the three non-profit public sites (forecast ensemble, air quality, flood, marine, ERA5 archive)open-meteo.public-pages | open-meteo.com | CC-BY-4.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | PROHIBITED |
NASA POWER daily point meteorology and solar data (public context maps)nasa.power | power.larc.nasa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalogue (JSON and CSV feeds) for the Technology and Digital Systems faculty incident timelinecisa.kev-catalogue | www.cisa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
TeleGeography Submarine Cable Map geocoded cable and landing-station data (not licensed; recorded so it is not used by accident)telegeography.submarine-cable-map | www.submarinecablemap.com | Underlying geocoded data: paid annual licence only ('With an annual license, you can use these…Underlying geocoded data: paid annual licence only ('With an annual license, you can use these data sets for interactive maps, data visualizations, and more', https://www2.telegeography.com/license-geocoded-map-data; 'Access to the underlying databases remains restricted to paying subscribers', https://www2.telegeography.com/cite-telegeography-map, both read 2026-10-17). Public map images: 'Any reference to a TeleGeography map, URL, or any related screen capture' is CC BY-SA 4.0 with credit; 'TeleGeography's interactive cable map is not an embeddable resource' (same page). | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | PROHIBITED |
OpenStreetMap submarine and terrestrial communication cables (communication=line features), build-time extract for the Technology and Digital Systems faculty twinosm.submarine-cables | www.openstreetmap.org | ODbL-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
United Nations Treaty Collection (treaties.un.org): status of multilateral treaties deposited with the Secretary-General and treaty membership (not admitted; UN terms)un.treaty-collection | treaties.un.org | Terms and Conditions of Use of United Nations Web Sites…Terms and Conditions of Use of United Nations Web Sites (https://www.un.org/en/about-us/terms-of-use, linked from the treaties.un.org footer, read 2026-10-17): permission to download and copy materials is 'for the User's personal, non-commercial use, without any right to resell or redistribute them or to compile or create derivative works therefrom' without permission; UN copyright notice (https://www.un.org/en/about-us/copyright, read 2026-10-17): 'All rights reserved' and no material 'may be used, reproduced or transmitted ... except as provided for in the Terms and Conditions of Use of United Nations Web Sites, without permission in writing from the publisher' | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | PROHIBITED |
UNdata (United Nations Statistics Division data portal) series on the Risk Academy non-profit public pagesun.data.public-pages | data.un.org | UNdata terms of use (https://data.un.org/Host.aspx?Content=UNdataUse, read 2026-10-17): 'All…UNdata terms of use (https://data.un.org/Host.aspx?Content=UNdataUse, read 2026-10-17): 'All data and metadata provided on UNdata's website are available free of charge' and 'may be copied freely, duplicated and further distributed provided that UNdata is cited as the reference'; no commercial or non-commercial distinction and no automated-access restriction stated on the page | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
NASA SEDAC Global Agricultural Lands: Croplands, 2000 (CIESIN_SEDAC_AGLANDS_CROP2000 v1.0) for the Systems and Nexus Studies faculty twinsedac.aglands-croplands-2000 | doi.org | NASA CMR use constraints for the collection…NASA CMR use constraints for the collection (https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/collections.umm_json?keyword=Global%20Agricultural%20Lands%20Croplands%202000, read 2026-10-17): 'Users are free to use, copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work for commercial and non-commercial purposes, without restriction, as long as clear attribution of the source is provided'; no LicenseURL or LicenseText field | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
USGS ShakeMap and PAGER event products (event detail GeoJSON, ShakeMap grid and MMI contours, PAGER alert level and exposure) on the Risk Academy non-profit public pagesusgs.shakemap-pager.public-pages | earthquake.usgs.gov | U.S. Government work, public domain ('USGS-authored or produced data and information are…U.S. Government work, public domain ('USGS-authored or produced data and information are considered to be in the U.S. Public Domain'; 'When using information from USGS information products, publications, or websites, we ask that proper credit be given', https://www.usgs.gov/information-policies-and-instructions/copyrights-and-credits, read 2026-10-17) | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Terrain Tiles (Terrarium PNG, elevation-tiles-prod on the AWS Registry of Open Data) as the browser-direct 3D terrain and hillshade of the Risk Academy twin buildersaws.terrain-tiles.academy-public | elevation-tiles-prod.s3.amazonaws.com | LicenseRef-Terrain-Tiles-Composite-Open | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
NASA GIBS WMTS imagery (EPSG:3857) for the raster studio of the Risk Academy twin builders: true colour, sea surface temperature, land surface temperature, snow, sea ice, aerosols, night lights, precipitation, root-zone soil moisture, monthly air temperature and terrestrial water storagenasa.gibs.academy-engine-layers | gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov | CC0-1.0 | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS) API (api.first.org) as a browser-direct input of the Risk Academy vulnerability triage generatorfirst.epss.academy-public | api.first.org | LicenseRef-FIRST-EPSS-Free-Use | APPROVED_WITH_CONDITIONS | ALLOWED |
OpenAlex scholarly graph (works, authors, institutions, sources, topics)openalex.works | openalex.org | CC0-1.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Crossref REST API (bibliographic metadata of registered works)crossref.rest-api | api.crossref.org | Bibliographic metadata, almost none of it subject to copyright, usable for any purpose; some…Bibliographic metadata, almost none of it subject to copyright, usable for any purpose; some abstracts may be subject to publisher or author copyright (crossref.org REST API documentation, read 2026-10-19) | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Wikidata structured data (Query Service and dumps)wikidata.cc0 | www.wikidata.org | CC0-1.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) data via the Atmosphere Data Storecopernicus.cams.ads | ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu | CC-BY-4.0 | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED | LEGAL_REVIEW_REQUIRED |
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NXS-<SCOPE>-<CAT>[-<DOMAIN>][-<SECTOR>][-<REGION>][-<ENV>]-<SERIAL>[@<VERSION>]https://nexustandards.com/uni/{uni}UNIs are allocated by the Nexus Standards catalogue (NS1-R2), never typed by hand.
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