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GCRI · 工作与技能的未来

终身学习

As work changes, people need to learn throughout their working lives, not only at the start. Yet participation in adult learning is lowest among those who need it most: lower-skilled workers, older workers and those in small firms. This page sets out how lifelong learning 系统 work, who they reach, how participation and outcomes are measured, and what evidence serves the governments, employers and training providers involved.

01画布

工作如何开展。

系统 · 围绕本主题示意

技能与暴露控制台

Lifelong learning · Labour market A · Year 2

数据岗位缺口GCRI · 工作与技能的未来

按暴露程度划分的职业

文书支持86,7660.7替代数据运营
机器操作人员47,0320.4混合机器人维护
护理工作者19,4550.1补充技能提升
分析人员27,3290.4补充技能提升

按技能划分的职位空缺

050100每 100 名求职者对应的职位空缺数数据照护行业工种绿色管理

再培训路径

  1. 评估技能概况
  2. 匹配目标岗位
  3. 培训20 周
  4. 地点雇主
  5. 跟进6 个月
Skills and exposure console: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Lifelong learning.示例名称和示意数值;是设计方案,并非记录或实时系统。

图Skills and exposure console: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.

02问题

Lifelong learning: how the risk develops.

Mid-career transitions and skill maintenance. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

机制

Those who need it least get most

Highly educated workers in large firms receive most training, while lower-skilled and older workers, and those in small firms, receive least.

机制

Time and money are barriers

Adults face costs, lost earnings, caring duties and lack of time, which keep them from training.

机制

Recognition makes learning count

Learning is more valuable when it leads to recognised qualifications or credentials that employers trust.

机制

Employers and unions shape access

Training funds, paid learning leave and collective agreements expand access to learning where they exist and are used.

03地理

东南亚的人口与风险暴露。

Population density, night lights and land cover over Southeast Asia, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.

交互式地图需要JavaScript;图层列表和来源见下文。

图层 3

本页的人口与暴露情况

关于本图层
证据
估计值
来源
世界网格化人口 v4.11(NASA SEDAC(哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN))
提供方
NASA SEDAC(哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN)
许可协议
CC BY 4.0
年份版本
null;基于人口普查的估算,静态(2020)
处理结果
约 1 公里网格
不确定性
基于人口普查的 2020 年每平方公里人口估算,作为风险暴露背景展示;不是受任何危害影响的人数。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
观测
来源
VIIRS Black Marble(VNP46A2)(NASA LAADS DAAC)
提供方
NASA LAADS DAAC
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;卫星辐射亮度,已校正月光和大气影响
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-12
处理结果
约 500 米网格
不确定性
所示日期的卫星夜间辐射亮度;灯光是用电和停电的替代指标,并非对供应或获得电力情况的测量。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
观测(持续云层仍会造成缺口)
来源
VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3,8 天(NASA LANCE)
提供方
NASA LANCE
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
8 天;卫星 8 天合成;持续云层仍会造成缺口
构建时的最新内容
2026-09-14
处理结果
约 1 公里网格
不确定性
截至所示日期的 8 天内地表的卫星皮肤温度,是高温风险暴露指标;不是气温、热指数,也不是高温预警。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
观测
来源
VIIRS NOAA-20 校正反射率(NASA LANCE)
提供方
NASA LANCE
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;卫星图像
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-14
处理结果
约 250 米网格
不确定性
卫星图像。卫星或模型栅格数据,按提供方发布的原样呈现。云层、条带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声;数值是指标,而非某地的测量值。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
模型生成(GIBS 发布的最新年份)
来源
MODIS Terra 和 Aqua 土地覆盖(MCD12Q1)(NASA LP DAAC)
提供方
NASA LP DAAC
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每年;卫星分类;GIBS 发布的最新年份
构建时的最新内容
2024-01-01
处理结果
约 500 米网格
不确定性
所示年份的卫星土地覆盖类别,含农田;该分类存在已知误差,并非农场登记册。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问
关于本图层
证据
观测(云层造成缺口)
来源
MODIS Terra EVI(NASA LANCE)
提供方
NASA LANCE
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;卫星指数;云层造成缺口
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-13
处理结果
约 250 米网格
不确定性
截至所示日期 8 天的卫星植被指数,是栖息地状况指标;不衡量物种或生物多样性。
经由以下途径到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许实时地图后访问

最新可用

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap贡献者 (ODbL) · Natural Earth

正在加载最新的NASA影像。

拖动以移动。按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动、双指缩放或使用按钮缩放;悬停可查看指针下的数值;重置可返回该区域。

人口与风险暴露,以东南亚为取景。NASA 发布的卫星和模型产品,各带自己的日期。它们是指标,而非对任何地点的评估。

数据:NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap 贡献者 · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT来源与许可

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). 采用 CC BY 4.0 许可。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
  • VIIRS Black Marble 夜间灯光,NASA 戈达德航天中心;由 NASA Level-1 与大气档案和分发系统(LAADS DAAC)分发;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • VIIRS 近实时产品(洪水、地表温度、积雪覆盖、校正反射率),NASA LANCE;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • MODIS 陆地产品(植被指数、总初级生产力、土地覆盖),NASA LP DAAC 和 LANCE;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • ASTER GDEM 是 METI 和 NASA 的产品(ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003,NASA LP DAAC);影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。引用格式:NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA 开放数据
  • 使用 Natural Earth 制作。免费矢量和栅格地图数据,见 naturalearthdata.com。 公有领域
  • © OpenStreetMap 贡献者(ODbL),经由 NASA GIBS(海岸线、边界、道路和地名)。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 ODbL
  • Blue Marble,NASA Earth Observatory;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • 地球仪和平面地图上的背景信息:海岸线、边界、道路和地名来自 NASA GIBS 参考图层(OpenStreetMap 数据,ODbL,© OpenStreetMap contributors);Blue Marble 影像可作为可选底图;3D 地形和高程读数来自 ASTER GDEM 高程色彩指数(5 m 至 200 m 分级,为便于辨识而作了夸张处理)。边界按已发布的样式绘制,不代表对任何领土的立场。
  • 实时事件:NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker(EONET);事件仅供参考,并保留其原始来源链接。
  • 实时:NASA EONET。事件仅供参考,不是主管机构的预警。
  • Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • 空气质量预报,5 天,PM2.5(CAMS,经由 Open-Meteo):包含经修改的 Copernicus 大气监测服务 2026 年信息。
  • 天气数据来自 Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), 依据 CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 授权。
  • 可选图层(图层列表中有 9 个来源:实时、预报、观测和背景)开启时会在地图上和此处显示其提供方署名;预报是模型输出,派生指数是估计值。

图层与日期

  • 人口密度,2020 年:人口:哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN,世界网格化人口 v4.11(2018),NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · 静态
  • 夜间灯光,每日:VIIRS Black Marble(VNP46A2),NASA LAADS DAAC · 2026年10月12日
  • 地表温度,日间,8 天合成:VIIRS NOAA-20 3 级产品,8 天,NASA LANCE · 2026年9月14日
  • 真彩色:VIIRS NOAA-20 校正反射率,NASA LANCE · 2026年10月13日
  • 土地覆盖类型(IGBP),年度:MODIS Terra 和 Aqua 土地覆盖(MCD12Q1),NASA LP DAAC · 2024
  • 增强型植被指数,滚动 8 天:MODIS Terra EVI,NASA LANCE · 2026年10月13日

05孪生与级联模拟器

Model lifelong learning as a system. Run the cascade.

Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile 社会与信息风险标准: the hazards it names, the 系统 and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.

灾害

控制措施

  • NS-0 章程与原则
  • NS-9 情境 UNI(部署、实例、计划实例)
  • NS-11 验证与监测(证据、证明、零信任符合性观测)
  • NS-12 软件、模型和 AI/ML 制品(供应链、模型卡、数据集说明)
  • NRS-H117 危害类别:社会凝聚力与暴行风险(NHS-1 soc.cohesion)
  • NRS-X7 信息完整性与公众信任
  • NRS-D2 社会、包容与人类发展风险
  • NRS-H52 危害类别:信息完整性攻击(NHS-1 cyber.integrity)
  • NRS-H79 危害类别:精神卫生危机(NHS-1 health.mental)
  • NRS-H59 危害类别:经济冲击与治理失灵(NHS-1 soc.economic)

观测

  • WorldPop gridded population (listed for reference)
  • World Bank Open Data 和 World Development Indicators API(仅列作参考)
  • 全球可持续发展目标指标数据库(仅列作参考)
  • 每100,000人中因灾害死亡、失踪和直接受影响的人数
  • Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income
  • Number of countries that adopt and implement guarantees for public access to information

示例地理范围

  • The Horn of Africa: 253 hexagonal cells
  • 今夜夜间灯光与停电(VIIRS 昼夜波段),NASA GIBS
06指标

衡量什么,以及衡量得如何。

每个指标都注明其单位、频率、背后的来源类型以及数值将附带的证据标签。此处不显示数值:数值由计划依据其自身权限提供。

指标单位节奏来源类型标签
Adult participation in learningpercent of adults in the last twelve monthsper surveyAdult education surveys已报告
Participation gap by skill levelpercentage point differenceper surveyAdult education surveys已报告
Adult literacy and numeracy proficiency得分每次评估Adult skills surveys观测
Public spending on adult learning占 GDP 的百分比年度Budget data已发布统计
Workers with paid training leave rightspercent of employees每次评估Labour law and agreements已声明
Micro-credentials recognised in qualification frameworks计数每次评估Qualification authority records已发布统计
07方法与证据

How lifelong learning is modelled, measured and tested.

模型、其假设、数据和不确定性,以科学家或工程师会核查的形式呈现。结构遵循已发表的方法。所取数值仅为示意,不是研究发现。

系统模型

The couplings between the systems in lifelong learning: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−++工作社会人工智能社区经济R 增强B 平衡
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
FAIR 指导原则 · GO FAIR 和 FORCE11W3C PROV · 万维网联盟关于一致处理不确定性的指南 · IPCCCEOS 分析就绪数据 · 地球观测卫星委员会
08来源

证据来自何处。

具名公共数据集与机构记录,各自注明许可类别。依协议获得的来源仅按其条款使用,绝不再次发布。

来源它提供什么许可类别
OECD Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC)Adult literacy, numeracy and problem-solvingPublic results, OECD terms
Eurostat Adult 教育 SurveyParticipation in adult learningOpen, Eurostat reuse policy
UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning Global Report on Adult Learning and EducationGlobal adult learning policy and participationPublic, UNESCO terms
Cedefop skills and training dataVocational training and skills in EuropePublic, EU terms
National qualification framework registersRecognised qualificationsPublic records, licence per authority
09决定

由谁决定,以及证据服务于什么。

Future of Work and Skills prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

谁来决定问题本页面服务的证据
教育 and labour ministriesHow to fund and target adult learningGap analyses; evaluations
Employers and sector bodiesWhich training to provide and co-fundSkills and participation evidence
Qualification authoritiesHow to recognise short courses and prior learningCredential reviews

该主题产生的产出

  • Participation and access gap analyses
  • Evaluation designs for adult learning programmes
  • Recognition and credential reviews
  • Evidence notes for skills strategies
10核心问题

What researchers ask about adult learning.

  • Who takes part in adult learning, and who does not?
  • Which forms of training lead to better jobs and earnings?
  • How transferable are skills between occupations?
  • How can learning be fitted around work, care and other obligations?
11机制

Why adult learning is hard.

Skills depreciate when unused and become obsolete when technology changes. Adults face barriers that young students do not: lost earnings while training, care responsibilities, uncertainty about which skills will pay off and, often, past negative experiences of education. Employers under-invest in general skills that workers could take elsewhere.

As a result, participation in adult learning tends to be highest among people who are already well educated and in good jobs, and lowest among those most exposed to change. Training that is short, close to real work and linked to actual vacancies tends to show better results than generic courses.

12方法与数据

Evidence on learning and transitions.

  1. 01

    Programme evaluation

    Comparing outcomes of participants and similar non-participants, using 计量经济学. Selection into training is hard to control for.

  2. 02

    Skills taxonomies

    Mapping skills between occupations to identify feasible transitions, using 经济学与发展经济学. Taxonomies simplify real skills.

  3. 03

    Longitudinal surveys

    Following adults over time to see how learning relates to careers, with 社会与行为科学. Such surveys are costly and rare.

  4. 04

    Recognition of prior learning

    Methods for assessing skills gained outside formal education. Recognition must be trusted by employers to matter.

13方法

如何研究,以及方法无法说明的内容。

  1. 社会与行为科学工作质量调查 · 社会对话研究 · 学习者体验研究在此应用
  2. 计量经济学基于关联数据的替代效应 · 培训项目评估 · 人才队伍预测在此应用
  3. 经济学与发展经济学基于任务的技术分析 · 劳动力市场制度 · 公正转型经济学在此应用
14Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

阅读本页时所对照的机构和文件。状态和版本会变化;每个链接都指向发布机构。

15问题

问题与解答。

What is lifelong learning?
Learning that takes place throughout life, in formal, non-formal and informal settings, to improve knowledge, skills and competences.
Why do lower-skilled adults train less?
Because of costs, lack of time, fewer employer-provided opportunities, past negative experiences of education and lack of information.
What are micro-credentials?
Records of learning outcomes from short courses, which can be stacked or recognised within qualification systems.
Does training help displaced workers?
Some programmes do, especially those linked to employer demand and real vacancies. Many generic programmes show small or no effects. Design matters.
Why do those most at risk train least?
Cost, time, care duties, uncertainty about returns and past experiences of education all weigh more heavily on them, and employers invest less in their training.
Are learning pathways from the platform qualifications?
No. They are research outputs showing feasible skill transitions. Qualifications are awarded by competent education and professional bodies.
What are individual learning accounts?
Schemes that give individuals funds or entitlements to spend on training. Evidence on their effectiveness is mixed and depends on guidance and quality control.
报告贡献

从本页贡献证据。

报告 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRI工作与技能的未来前瞻展望证据简报
工作与技能的未来

带来一种方法、一个数据集或一个问题。

信息和咨询现已开放。每项咨询都会获得一个编号,并告知下一步;申请、付款、算力分配和注册只有在相应团队、条款和审查能力就绪时才会开放。