Draft, not yet released. In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.

Data appendix

The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.

11 min read0 figures7 tables28 notesNR-COUNTRY-IND-2026-BASELINE

Contents
  1. ·Edition home
  2. ·Executive summary
  3. 1India’s risk is monsoon-dependent, heat-loaded and changing fast in power
  4. 2Key findings
  5. 3Systems and sectors at baseline
  6. 4Risks and capability
  7. 5A second deficient monsoon across groundwater, kharif output, power demand and food budgets
  8. 6Readings from the other desks
  9. 7The 2027 agenda
  10. 8Systems in depth
  11. AMethodology
  12. BData appendix
    1. B.1 The indicator set
    2. B.2 National source register
    3. B.3 Regional reading, India by region
    4. B.4 Atlas card, Punjab and Haryana plains
    5. B.5 India system card
    6. B.6 Licences
    7. B.7 Formats and provenance
  13. CReferences and record
  14. ·Complete edition, for print

B.1The indicator set

Table B.1Baseline indicator set
IndicatorValueUnitYearStateSource
Population1,463,865,525people2025Reported1
Urban population share35.7%2025Reported1
Gross domestic product, current prices3,956USD billion2025Reported2
Life expectancy at birth72.2years2024Reported2
Population aged 65 or over7.4%2025Reported2
Net energy imports36.0% of energy use2024Reported3
Forest area24.4% of land2024Reported3
Terrestrial protected area7.7% of land2024Reported3
CO₂ emissions excluding land use3,154Mt2024Reported4
GHG emissions excluding land use2,959Mt CO₂e2020Reported5
Energy-sector emissions2,238Mt CO₂e2020Reported5
Non-fossil installed capacity300.50GW31 Jul 2026Reported9
Fossil share of generation≈73%2025Reported12
Annual mean temperature anomaly+0.28°C vs 1991–20202025Reported14
Monsoon rainfall, all India87% of LPA2026Reported16
Groundwater stage of extraction60.63%2025Reported18
Foodgrain production, third advance estimate376.563Mt2025–26Reported19
Extreme-weather deaths≈2,760deaths2025Reported14
CO₂ per person (derived)≈2.2t CO₂2024Estimated41
Heat deaths, national season totalNot bounddeathsn/aNOT BOUNDNCDC · state health departments
GHG inventory after 2020Not boundMt CO₂en/aNOT BOUNDnext biennial update report5
National reservoir storageNot bound% of live capacityn/aNOT BOUNDCentral Water Commission45
Insured disaster lossesNot boundUSDn/aNOT BOUNDIRDAI · general insurers
Indicators, CSVIndicators, JSON

B.2National source register

The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.

Domains bound by the register

  • WAT
  • ENE
  • FOO
  • HLT
  • BIO
  • CLI
  • INF
  • FIN
  • TRD
  • MIN
Table B.3National source register
SourceCategoryCoveragePeriodCadenceRole
Emissions inventory, 20205government report to the UNFCCC, read through pressnational2020biennialCLI
Climate and monsoon statements1416national technical authoritynational2025–2026annualCLI
Groundwater assessment18national board, read through a press summaryblocks and states2025annualWAT
Power capacity910ministry data, via pressnational2026monthlyENE
Electricity review111213independent analystnational2025annualENE
Crop estimates1920ministry · FAOnational2025–2026four a yearFOO
Heat-death reports2122non-profit review · press report of RTI datanational2025one-offHLT
World Bank indicators1234international organisationnational2019–2025annualprofile
Climate contribution67government · independent assessmentnational2026periodicCLI
Census notices23Registrar Generalnational2026decennialpopulation
Peer-reviewed literature2425262728journalsregional2009–2021one-offWAT · CLI · HLT

B.3Regional reading, India by region

Map plates for every state follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form.

Rainfall geography, 2026 monsoon

36subdivisions

meteorological subdivisions, 202616

17subdivisions

deficient in the 2026 season16

741districts

meteorological districts, 202616

282districts

below-normal rainfall in 202616

Table B.4Regional reading, India by region
RegionPrincipal hazardsSystems most exposedBaseline evidence
Northwest Indiagroundwater depletion; heat; floodswheat and rice, water, power for pumpingPunjab floods 202515 · extraction stage18
Central Indiamonsoon variability; lightningrain-fed crops, power demandJune 2026 at 50% of average16 · lightning deaths14
East and Northeast Indiacyclones; floods; the lowest 2026 season since 1901rice, ports, hydropowerseason 202616 · Cyclone Montha 202514
South Peninsulacyclones; groundwater stress; deficient 2026 seasonrice, cities, coastsseason 2026 at 76%16 · Cyclone Ditwah 202514
Himalaya and foothillscloudbursts; landslides; glacier and snow changeroads, hydropower, settlementsKishtwar and Kheer Ganga cloudbursts 202514 · assessment48
Coasts and deltascyclones; sea-level rise; floodingports, aquaculture, citiesfour cyclonic storms in 202514

B.4Atlas card, Punjab and Haryana plains

  • plains
  • cereal basin
  • groundwater
  • flood
Systems in view
water, food and power for irrigation
Defining events
extraction above 100% of the extractable resource; floods of 20251518
Couplings
CLI → WAT → FOO; ENE → WAT
Capability evidence
not bound
Gaps
well-level extraction and power-subsidy data; crop-water use
Agenda items
A-01 · A-03

The stage of extraction was 156.36% in Punjab and 136.75% in Haryana in 2025. The resource is being drawn faster than it recharges in those states [18].

WATER

Extraction above the resource

The national foodgrain estimate for 2025–26 is a record [19]. The share from these plains is not bound in this edition.

FOOD

A record national estimate

Punjab had its worst floods since 1988 in 2025 [15]. The weather service reported 59 rain-related deaths in Punjab [14].

HAZARD

Floods in a deficient year for others

B.5India system card

The card through which India appears in the South Asia regional edition and the global series. It summarises; it does not rank.

Table B.5India system card
SystemBaseline stateCoupling to watchCoverage
Watergroundwater extraction at 60.63%monsoon deficit and over-extractionPARTIAL
Energynon-fossil 54% of capacityevening peak and fossil generationGOOD
Foodrecord foodgrain estimate for 2025–26short harvest after 2026 monsoonPARTIAL
Healthlife expectancy 72.2 years; heat data not boundheat and air pollutionTHIN
Biodiversityforest 24.4% of land; 7.7% protectedfire and land-use changePARTIAL

Context

Archetype
very large economy with a monsoon-dependent water and food system and a fast-growing clean power fleet (Nexus reading)
Population
1,463.9 million (2025)1
Trade
net energy imports 36.0% of energy use3
Hazard
about 2,760 extreme-weather deaths in 202514

India’s card sits beside its neighbours’; shared basins, grids, corridors and supply chains are read as one regional system.

SOUTH ASIA REGIONAL EDITION

One regional system

Indian evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers, so a correction travels everywhere at once.

GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES

Same findings, same IDs

In the global edition India is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.

GLOBAL FLAGSHIP

Peers, not ranks

B.6Licences

Table B.6Licences of each kind of material
MaterialLicence
TextCC BY 4.0
Dataon the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0
FiguresNexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited
Mapsboundary source and licence printed on each plate
MetadataCC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it
Third-party data, figures and textThe source’s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed
Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.

B.7Formats and provenance

Table B.7This edition in every format
FormatKindStateWhat it isIdentifier
Web editionHTMLOn this siteDraft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.NR-COUNTRY-IND-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Print editionPDFAt releaseA4 portrait · screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.NR-COUNTRY-IND-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Indicator dataCSV · JSONOn this site23 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.NR-COUNTRY-IND-2026-BASELINE data release v1
FiguresSVG · PNGOn this site4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.FIG-COUNTRY-IND-2026-BASELINE-*
SlidesPDFNot recordedNo slide deck is recorded for this edition.
Evidence briefHTML · PDFNot recordedNo evidence brief is recorded for this edition.
Dataset with DOIDataCiteAt releaseConcept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.

Provenance

Edition pack
The edition’s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built
Evidence cut
NQ-IND-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026
Reproducibility
sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters
Self-check
14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release
Review
five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)
Publisher of record
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium
Corrections
Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version

Notes

Numbers are the edition’s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. Annex C, references

  1. 1World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: India, population, total (SP.POP.TOTL) and urban population share (SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS). World Bank, Washington DC, data updated 8 October 2026. Observation year 2025.back
  2. 2World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: India, GDP in current US dollars (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), life expectancy at birth (SP.DYN.LE00.IN) and population aged 65 and above (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS). World Bank, Washington DC, data updated 8 October 2026. Observation years 2024–2025.back
  3. 3World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: India, net energy imports (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), renewable internal freshwater per person (ER.H2O.INTR.PC), forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), terrestrial protected area (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS) and irrigated agricultural land (AG.LND.IRIG.AG.ZS). World Bank, Washington DC, data updated 8 October 2026. Observation years 2022–2024.back
  4. 4World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: India, CO2 emissions excluding LULUCF (EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5) and mortality attributed to household and ambient air pollution (SH.STA.AIRP.P5). World Bank, Washington DC, data updated 8 October 2026. Observation years 2019 and 2024.back
  5. 5Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (ed.), India’s Fourth Biennial Update Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, including the 2020 national greenhouse-gas inventory. MoEFCC, New Delhi, submitted 30 December 2024. Observation year 2020.back
  6. 9Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (ed.), installed non-fossil power capacity at 31 July 2026, as reported by Renewable Watch. New Delhi, 11 August 2026. Observation date 31 July 2026.back
  7. 12Ember (ed.), India: electricity data and analysis (country page). Ember, London, accessed 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.back
  8. 14India Meteorological Department (ed.), Statement on the Climate of India during 2025. Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi, press release of 1 January 2026, published by the World Meteorological Organization 12 January 2026. Observation year 2025.back
  9. 16India Meteorological Department (ed.), Salient Features of the 2026 Southwest Monsoon Season. Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi, 30 September 2026. Observation year 2026.back
  10. 18Central Ground Water Board and Ministry of Jal Shakti (eds.), Dynamic Ground Water Resources Assessment of India 2025, as summarised by Vision IAS. New Delhi, 30 December 2025. Observation year 2025.back
  11. 19Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (ed.), Third Advance Estimates of Production of Major Crops for 2025–26, released 27 May 2026. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, New Delhi. Observation year 2025–26.back
  12. 45Central Water Commission (ed.), Reservoir Storage Bulletin (weekly). CWC, New Delhi, 2026. Observation year 2026.back
  13. 10Government of India (ed.), power-capacity factsheet of 13 August 2026, as reported by the Indo-Asian News Service. New Delhi, 13 August 2026. Observation date July 2026.back
  14. 11Ember (ed.), Global Electricity Review 2026. Ember, London, 22 April 2026. Observation year 2025.back
  15. 13pv magazine (ed.), “Record solar, wind surge drives 3.3% drop in India’s fossil generation in 2025,” reporting Ember’s Global Electricity Review 2026. pv magazine, Berlin, 27 April 2026. Observation year 2025.back
  16. 20Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: India. FAO, Rome, reference date 13 February 2026. Observation years 2025–2026.back
  17. 21HeatWatch (ed.), Struck by Heat: A News Analysis of Heatstroke Deaths in India in 2025, as reported by The Print. New Delhi, 22 August 2025. Observation period February to July 2025.back
  18. 22Press Trust of India (ed.), “India recorded over 7,000 suspected heatstroke cases, 14 deaths in March–June period: RTI,” reporting National Centre for Disease Control data. The Print, New Delhi, July 2025. Observation period 1 March to 24 June 2025.back
  19. 6Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (ed.), India’s Nationally Determined Contribution for 2031–2035. MoEFCC, New Delhi, submitted to the UNFCCC 24 April 2026. Observation year 2035 target.back
  20. 7Climate Action Tracker (ed.), India: 2035 NDC assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, Berlin, September 2026. Observation year 2035 target.back
  21. 23Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India (ed.), Census 2027: houselisting and population enumeration notices. Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi, 2026. Observation year 2026.back
  22. 24M. Rodell, I. Velicogna and J. S. Famiglietti, “Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in India,” Nature, vol. 460, pp. 999–1002, 2009. doi:10.1038/nature08238. Observation year 2009. doi:10.1038/nature08238back
  23. 25A. Asoka, T. Gleeson, Y. Wada and V. Mishra, “Relative contribution of monsoon precipitation and pumping to changes in groundwater storage in India,” Nature Geoscience, vol. 10, pp. 109–117, 2017. doi:10.1038/ngeo2869. Observation year 2017. doi:10.1038/ngeo2869back
  24. 26M. K. Roxy, S. Ghosh, A. Pathak et al., “A threefold rise in widespread extreme rain events over central India,” Nature Communications, vol. 8, article 708, 2017. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00744-9. Observation year 2017. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00744-9back
  25. 27E.-S. Im, J. S. Pal and E. A. B. Eltahir, “Deadly heat waves projected in the densely populated agricultural regions of South Asia,” Science Advances, vol. 3, no. 8, e1603322, 2017. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1603322. Observation year 2017. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1603322back
  26. 28A. Pandey, M. Brauer, M. L. Cropper et al., “Health and economic impact of air pollution in the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019,” The Lancet Planetary Health, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. e25–e38, 2021. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30298-9. Observation year 2019. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30298-9back
  27. 15Down To Earth (ed.), “2025 marked by rising night-time temperatures and extreme rainfall across seasons in India.” Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi, January 2026. Observation year 2025.back
  28. 48International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ed.), Water, Ice, Society, and Ecosystems in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: An Outlook. ICIMOD, Kathmandu, 2023. Observation year 2023.back

Cite this annex

Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Annex B: Data appendix. In India Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: The State of India’s Interdependent Systems (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-COUNTRY-IND-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI).

Every citation form of the whole report, BibTeX and RIS included, is on the edition home. Cite this report

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