- Senegal 2026
- Chapter 8
Systems in depth
One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.
Contents
- ·Edition home
- ·Executive summary
- 1Senegal’s risk runs through its rivers, its coast and its fuel
- 2Key findings
- 3Systems and sectors at baseline
- 4Risks and capability
- 5Urban flood with a water, power and clinic interruption
- 6Readings from the other desks
- 7The 2027 agenda
- 8Systems in depth
- AMethodology
- BData appendix
- CReferences and record
- ·Complete edition, for print
8.1Water, the baseline system chapter
Water services reach most people at a basic level and few at a safe one. Safely managed drinking water reaches 27.2% of people and safely managed sanitation 30.1%.
| Component | State | Evidence | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Drinking water | 88.0% basic; 27.2% safely managed; 13.2% safely managed in rural areas | 5 | Reported |
| Sanitation | 62.5% basic; 30.1% safely managed; 6.1% open defecation | 5 | Reported |
| Water pressure | withdrawals 11.9% of internal resources, 2022; projected to grow 30% to 60% by 2035 | 519 | Reported |
| Dakar supply deficit | current deficit not bound; groundwater status not bound | Senegal River basin records50 | NOT BOUND |
Couplings into other systems
- ENE → WAT pumping and treatment
- WAT → HLT drinking water and sanitation
- CLI → WAT floods and salinisation
- WAT → BIO effluent in rivers and wetlands
Evidence to bind in 2027
- Dakar supply deficit
- groundwater status
- regional service split
8.2Energy, the baseline system chapter
Access has risen fast, but 85% of 2023 generation was non-renewable, imports were 70% of primary energy supply, and offshore oil and gas are now being produced.
| Component | State | Evidence | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Access | 82.9% nationally; 95.7% urban; 67.1% rural | 6 | Reported |
| Capacity | 1,901 MW, of which 481 MW renewable; 273 MW solar and 159 MW wind | 14 | Reported |
| Oil and gas | Sangomar 36.1 million barrels in 2025; LNG production from February 2025 | 2627 | Reported |
| 2025 generation by source | official full-year shares not bound | Senelec and regulator reports34 | NOT BOUND |
Couplings into other systems
- ENE → WAT pumping and treatment
- ENE → HLT clinics and cold chains
- CLI → ENE demand peaks and flood damage
- ENE → FIN fuel costs and the budget
Evidence to bind in 2027
- 2025 generation by source
- gas-to-power conversion path
8.3Food and agrifood, the baseline system chapter
Food supply held up in 2024, but a projected 836,786 people face Crisis or worse in mid-2026, and rice depends on imports.
| Component | State | Evidence | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cereals | 2024 forecast 3.8 million tonnes, 8% above the five-year average | 20 | Reported |
| Acute food insecurity | 836,786 projected in Phase 3 or worse, June to August 2026 | 21 | Reported |
| Rice | average imports of about 1.3 million tonnes of white rice a year, as stated by the minister | 28 | Reported |
| 2025–26 harvest | final harvest and import totals not bound | national agriculture statistics28 | NOT BOUND |
Couplings into other systems
- CLI → FOO rain deficits and floods
- ENE → FOO fuel and fertiliser
- INF → FOO roads and logistics
- WAT → FOO irrigation
Evidence to bind in 2027
- final 2025–26 harvest
- rice import total
8.4Health and One Health, the baseline system chapter
A Rift Valley fever outbreak in the river valley caused 358 confirmed cases and 28 deaths by 30 October 2025, which makes service continuity in floods a lifeline question.
| Component | State | Evidence | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rift Valley fever | 358 confirmed cases and 28 deaths in 22 districts of 8 regions | 22 | Reported |
| Malaria | national programme reports about 23 cases per 1,000 in 2024 and about 12 in 2025; WHO-based series differ on basis | 23941 | Reported |
| Life expectancy | 68.9 years in 2024 | 9 | Reported |
| Water-related illness | national series not bound | Ministry of Health records | NOT BOUND |
Couplings into other systems
- WAT → HLT water and sanitation
- ENE → HLT clinics and cold chains
- CLI → HLT floods and vector habitat
- INF → HLT access to care
Evidence to bind in 2027
- water-related illness series
- clinic continuity in outages
8.5Biodiversity and ecosystems, the baseline system chapter
Forest covers 45.0% of land and 27.5% of land is protected, but mangrove extent and ecosystem threat status are not bound in this edition.
| Component | State | Evidence | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forest | 45.0% of land in 2024, down from 45.4% in 2019 | 8 | Reported |
| Protection | 27.5% of land and 3.1% of territorial waters; 16.6% combined | 8 | Reported |
| Mangroves | extent and change not bound | national forest assessment51 | NOT BOUND |
| Threat status | share of ecosystems threatened not bound | IUCN and national assessments51 | NOT BOUND |
Couplings into other systems
- BIO → WAT watershed regulation
- BIO → FOO fisheries and soils
- WAT → BIO effluent in rivers
- CLI → BIO coastal loss
Evidence to bind in 2027
- mangrove extent
- ecosystem threat status
- condition outside protected areas
Notes
Numbers are the edition’s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. Annex C, references
- 5World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: drinking-water, sanitation and freshwater series, Senegal (observation years 2022–2024), drawn from the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme and FAO. World Bank, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 19World Bank (ed.), Senegal Country Climate and Development Report, Executive Summary (observation year 2024, published October 2024). World Bank Group, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 50UNVERIFIED, not opened: Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal (OMVS), Manantali and Diama dams and the Senegal River basin. OMVS, Dakar. Cited from search-result descriptions only; no figure is taken from it.back
- 6World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: access to electricity, electric power consumption and transmission losses, Senegal (observation years 2022–2024). World Bank, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 14International Renewable Energy Agency (ed.), Energy Profile: Senegal (capacity 2024, generation 2023, energy supply 2022; PDF created September 2025). IRENA, Abu Dhabi. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 26Africanews (ed.), “Senegal’s 2025 oil output exceeds predictions to reach 36.1 million barrels,” 8 January 2026, reporting the Ministry of Energy, Oil and Mines (observation year 2025). Press report, accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 27Seneweb (ed.), “Oil and gas production figures for October 2025,” 6 November 2025, reporting the Minister of Energy, Petroleum and Mines (observation period to 31 October 2025). Press report, accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 34UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Senegal (ed.), Loi n° 2021-32 du 9 juillet 2021 portant création, organisation et attributions de la Commission de régulation du secteur de l’énergie. Dakar, 2021. Cited from search-result listings only.back
- 20Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: The Republic of Senegal, reference date 3 December 2024 (observation year 2024). FAO, Rome. Latest version served at access, 2026-11-03.back
- 21CILSS, AGRHYMET and partners (eds.), Cadre Harmonisé: results of the updated projected situation of acute food and nutritional insecurity, Sahel, West Africa and Cameroon, June to August 2026, published 2 July 2026. AGRHYMET, Niamey. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 10World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: cereal production, food production index, undernourishment, food insecurity, stunting, agriculture share, Senegal (observation years 2023–2025). World Bank, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 28Seneweb (ed.), “Rice self-sufficiency: Senegal continues to import 1.3 million tons of white rice per year, minister,” 22 September 2025, reporting the Minister of Agriculture (observation year 2023–2025). Press report, accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 22World Health Organization (ed.), “Rift Valley fever: Mauritania and Senegal,” Disease Outbreak News 2025-DON584, 5 November 2025 (observation period 20 September to 30 October 2025). WHO, Geneva. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 9World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: life expectancy, child and maternal mortality, malaria and tuberculosis incidence, health expenditure, Senegal (observation years 2023–2024). World Bank, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 23Seneweb (ed.), “Paludisme au Sénégal: nette baisse des cas et des décès,” 25 March 2026, reporting the national malaria control programme (observation years 2024–2025). Seneweb, Dakar. Press report, accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 41UNVERIFIED, not opened: World Health Organization (ed.), World Malaria Report 2025. WHO, Geneva, December 2025. Cited from search-result summaries; the Senegal country profile was not read.back
- 8World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area, agricultural land and protected areas, Senegal (observation years 2024–2025). World Bank, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
- 51UNVERIFIED, not opened: Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025: Senegal country report. FAO, Rome, 2025. The country report was searched for and not reached.back