Draft, not yet released. In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.

References and record

Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.

14 min read0 figures1 table0 notesNR-COUNTRY-SEN-2026-BASELINE

Contents
  1. ·Edition home
  2. ·Executive summary
  3. 1Senegal’s risk runs through its rivers, its coast and its fuel
  4. 2Key findings
  5. 3Systems and sectors at baseline
  6. 4Risks and capability
  7. 5Urban flood with a water, power and clinic interruption
  8. 6Readings from the other desks
  9. 7The 2027 agenda
  10. 8Systems in depth
  11. AMethodology
  12. BData appendix
  13. CReferences and record
    1. C.1 55 sources
    2. C.2 Publication record
    3. C.3 Corrections log
    4. C.4 Open record
    5. C.5 Where this edition sits among the six pillars
  14. ·Complete edition, for print

C.155 sources

NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a UNI once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).

  1. 1Agence nationale de la statistique et de la démographie (ed.), “État et structure, urbanisation et caractéristiques socioculturelles de la population,” Rapport définitif, RGPH-5 2023 (observation year 2023, published 1 July 2025). ANSD, Dakar. Read on the Vie-Publique.sn record page, accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6
  2. 2Agence nationale de la statistique et de la démographie (ed.), Projections démographiques 2023–2073 du Sénégal (observation year 2023, published October 2024). ANSD, Dakar. Read on the Vie-Publique.sn record page, accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in chapter 1, chapter 6
  3. 3DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population, urban share, age structure, GDP and growth, Senegal (observation year 2025; database update 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03 through the public indicator interface. Cited in chapter 6
  4. 4World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: poverty headcount at national lines and at US$3.00 a day, Gini index, Senegal (observation year 2021). World Bank, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 3
  5. 5World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: drinking-water, sanitation and freshwater series, Senegal (observation years 2022–2024), drawn from the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme and FAO. World Bank, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8
  6. 6World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: access to electricity, electric power consumption and transmission losses, Senegal (observation years 2022–2024). World Bank, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8
  7. 7World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: greenhouse-gas emissions by gas and sector and land-use fluxes, Senegal (observation years 2023–2024). World Bank, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2
  8. 8World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area, agricultural land and protected areas, Senegal (observation years 2024–2025). World Bank, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8
  9. 9World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: life expectancy, child and maternal mortality, malaria and tuberculosis incidence, health expenditure, Senegal (observation years 2023–2024). World Bank, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in chapter 2, chapter 8
  10. 10World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: cereal production, food production index, undernourishment, food insecurity, stunting, agriculture share, Senegal (observation years 2023–2025). World Bank, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8
  11. 11International Monetary Fund (ed.), World Economic Outlook database via the DataMapper interface: real GDP growth and general government gross debt, Senegal (observation years 1980–2025). IMF, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03; the database vintage was not stated on the page read. Cited in chapter 2
  12. 12International Monetary Fund (ed.), “IMF Staff Concludes Visit to Senegal,” Press Release No. 26/216, 22 June 2026 (observation year 2025). IMF, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6
  13. 13International Monetary Fund (ed.), “IMF Reaches Staff-Level Agreement on an Extended Credit Facility Arrangement with Senegal,” Press Release No. 26/282, 1 September 2026 (observation year 2025). IMF, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6
  14. 14International Renewable Energy Agency (ed.), Energy Profile: Senegal (capacity 2024, generation 2023, energy supply 2022; PDF created September 2025). IRENA, Abu Dhabi. Accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8
  15. 15Ember (ed.), Yearly electricity data, share of electricity by source, Senegal (observation years 2022–2024), read through the Our World in Data grapher files. Ember, London. Accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 4
  16. 16Government of Senegal (ed.), Contribution déterminée au niveau national du Sénégal, document dated December 2020. Submission document hosted by the UNFCCC. Accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6
  17. 17allAfrica (ed.), “Sénégal: Lutte contre le changement climatique – Le Sénégal valide sa troisième Contribution déterminée,” 6 April 2026 (observation year 2026). allAfrica, Dakar desk. Press report, accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6
  18. 18Le Soleil (ed.), “Lutte contre le changement climatique: le Sénégal valide sa troisième contribution déterminée,” 6 April 2026 (observation year 2026). Le Soleil, Dakar. Press report, accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6
  19. 19World Bank (ed.), Senegal Country Climate and Development Report, Executive Summary (observation year 2024, published October 2024). World Bank Group, Washington DC. Accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8
  20. 20Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: The Republic of Senegal, reference date 3 December 2024 (observation year 2024). FAO, Rome. Latest version served at access, 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8
  21. 21CILSS, AGRHYMET and partners (eds.), Cadre Harmonisé: results of the updated projected situation of acute food and nutritional insecurity, Sahel, West Africa and Cameroon, June to August 2026, published 2 July 2026. AGRHYMET, Niamey. Accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8
  22. 22World Health Organization (ed.), “Rift Valley fever: Mauritania and Senegal,” Disease Outbreak News 2025-DON584, 5 November 2025 (observation period 20 September to 30 October 2025). WHO, Geneva. Accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8
  23. 23Seneweb (ed.), “Paludisme au Sénégal: nette baisse des cas et des décès,” 25 March 2026, reporting the national malaria control programme (observation years 2024–2025). Seneweb, Dakar. Press report, accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8
  24. 24Ministry of Hydraulics and Sanitation (ed.), national evaluation workshop on the 2025 rainy season, 16 December 2025, as reported by allAfrica, “Inondations: plus de 10 millions de m³ d’eau pompés en 2025” (observation year 2025). Press report, accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7
  25. 25Sud Quotidien (ed.), report on the 2025 rainy-season evaluation, 17 December 2025, distributed by allAfrica (observation year 2025). Press report, accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7
  26. 26Africanews (ed.), “Senegal’s 2025 oil output exceeds predictions to reach 36.1 million barrels,” 8 January 2026, reporting the Ministry of Energy, Oil and Mines (observation year 2025). Press report, accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8
  27. 27Seneweb (ed.), “Oil and gas production figures for October 2025,” 6 November 2025, reporting the Minister of Energy, Petroleum and Mines (observation period to 31 October 2025). Press report, accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8
  28. 28Seneweb (ed.), “Rice self-sufficiency: Senegal continues to import 1.3 million tons of white rice per year, minister,” 22 September 2025, reporting the Minister of Agriculture (observation year 2023–2025). Press report, accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in chapter 1, chapter 8
  29. 29Government of Senegal (ed.), Loi n° 2018-25 du 12 novembre 2018 portant Code forestier. Dakar, 2018. Read on the Vie-Publique.sn record page (description only), accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6
  30. 30Government of Senegal (ed.), Loi n° 2019-03 du 1er février 2019 portant Code pétrolier. Dakar, 2019. Read on the Vie-Publique.sn record page (description only), accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6
  31. 31Government of Senegal (ed.), Loi n° 2023-15 du 2 août 2023 portant Code de l’environnement. Dakar, 2023. Read on the Vie-Publique.sn record page (description only; repeal of the 2001 Code not confirmed), accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in chapter 6
  32. 32Agence de Presse Sénégalaise (ed.), “Défis climatiques: le Sénégal engage la révision du 3e cycle de sa Contribution déterminée au niveau national (CDN 3.0),” 7 July 2025. APS, Dakar. Opened; only the headline and metadata were readable, accessed 2026-11-03. Cited in chapter 6
  33. 33UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Senegal (ed.), Loi n° 2021-31 du 9 juillet 2021 portant Code de l’électricité. Dakar, 2021. Cited from search-result listings of Journal Officiel n° 7446 of 5 August 2021; access to the text was refused. Cited in chapter 6
  34. 34UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Senegal (ed.), Loi n° 2021-32 du 9 juillet 2021 portant création, organisation et attributions de la Commission de régulation du secteur de l’énergie. Dakar, 2021. Cited from search-result listings only. Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8
  35. 35UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Senegal (ed.), Loi n° 2019-04 du 1er février 2019 relative au contenu local dans le secteur des hydrocarbures. Dakar, 2019. Cited from search-result listings only; one source gave 24 January 2019, the date of adoption. Cited in chapter 6
  36. 36UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Senegal (ed.), Gas Code, Law No. 2020-06. Dakar, 2020. Named in the IRENA energy profile [14]; the text was not opened and the exact date was not read. Cited in chapter 6
  37. 37UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Senegal (ed.), Sénégal 2050: Agenda national de transformation, presented 14 October 2024. Dakar, 2024. Cited from search-result descriptions of the press kit only. Cited in chapter 6
  38. 38UNVERIFIED, not opened: Agence de Presse Africaine (ed.), report of 55,600 people affected by the October 2024 Senegal River floods, citing the government. APA News, 2024. Search-result snippet only; the page was not opened. Cited in chapter 5
  39. 39UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNICEF (ed.), UNICEF Senegal Flash Update No. 01: Floods, October 2024. UNICEF, Dakar, 2024. Listed on ReliefWeb; access to the page was refused. Cited in chapter 6
  40. 40UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNICEF (ed.), UNICEF Senegal Humanitarian Situation Report: Floods, 17 August to 17 September 2025. UNICEF, Dakar, 2025. Listed on ReliefWeb; the contents were not read. Cited in chapter 6
  41. 41UNVERIFIED, not opened: World Health Organization (ed.), World Malaria Report 2025. WHO, Geneva, December 2025. Cited from search-result summaries; the Senegal country profile was not read. Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8
  42. 42UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNFCCC (ed.), Paris Agreement. United Nations, Paris, 2015. Cited from memory as context. Cited in chapter 6
  43. 43UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Cited from memory as context. Cited in chapter 6
  44. 44UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Cited from memory as context. Cited in chapter 6
  45. 45UNVERIFIED, not opened: C. H. Trisos, I. O. Adelekan, E. Totin et al., “Africa,” in Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge University Press, 2022. Cited from memory as context. Cited in chapter 6
  46. 46UNVERIFIED, not opened: P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. Cited from memory as context. Cited in chapter 6
  47. 47UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., “Future climate risk from compound events,” Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469–477, 2018. Cited from memory as context. Cited in chapter 6
  48. 48UNVERIFIED, not opened: World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Africa 2024. WMO, Geneva, 2025. Cited from memory as context. Cited in chapter 6
  49. 49UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2025. UNDRR, Geneva, 2025. Cited from memory as context. Cited in chapter 6
  50. 50UNVERIFIED, not opened: Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal (OMVS), Manantali and Diama dams and the Senegal River basin. OMVS, Dakar. Cited from search-result descriptions only; no figure is taken from it. Cited in chapter 7, chapter 8
  51. 51UNVERIFIED, not opened: Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025: Senegal country report. FAO, Rome, 2025. The country report was searched for and not reached. Cited in chapter 2, chapter 8
  52. 52UNVERIFIED, not opened: Agence de Presse Sénégalaise or allAfrica (eds.), report on the World Bank-backed Saint-Louis coastal resilience project, June 2025. Search-result listing only; access to the page was refused and no figure is taken from it. Cited in chapter 4
  53. 53UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Energy Agency (ed.), Senegal 2023 energy policy review. IEA, Paris, 2023. Listed in search results; access to the page was refused. Exact title to be confirmed. Cited in chapter 6
  54. 54S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026–2030, V1.0. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026.
  55. 55S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global Systems Risk & Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026.

C.2Publication record

Publication

Title
Senegal Systems Risk & Resilience Report 2026, Baseline Edition
Series
Reports · Edition 2026–2030
Edition
Baseline Edition 2026 · inaugural annual
Version
v1.0.0 · draft for stewardship review
Publication ID
NR-COUNTRY-SEN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Evidence close
30 September 2026
Publication date
October 2026
DOI
concept and version DOI at deposit

Publisher

Publisher of record
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium
Place
Toronto
Editor
Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor
Stewards
GCRI · technical truth · the Global Risks Forum (GRF) · public meaning · the Global Risks Alliance (GRA) · capital meaning
Licence
text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source
Copyright
© 2026 GCRI · Nexus Consortium
Language
English (en-GB) source edition
Correspondence
Registry correction pathway · editorial office

Colophon

Format
A4 portrait · screen, print and archival PDF
Typefaces
Space Grotesk (display) · Geist (text) · IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) · IBM Plex Mono (data)
Design standard
Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII
Accessibility
tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure
Production
Reports editorial team, GCRI

Release path for this version

Table C.1Release path for this version
StepWhat happensWhen
Drafteditorial self-check complete at evidence closeOctober 2026
Steward reviewfive passes on the exact draft (keys T · M · F · N)Q4 2026
Approvalpublication authority approves the exact digestbefore release
Depositconcept and version DOI minted; registry pointer setat release
Successionthe Q1 2027 edition reports changes against this baselineQ1 2027
Current version
v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review
Previous edition
none, first edition of the series
Next edition
NR-COUNTRY-SEN-2027-Q1-v1.0.0
Latest version
resolve the concept DOI or the registry record
Correction route
Registry correction pathway
Notice types
erratum · addendum · supersession · withdrawal

C.3Corrections log

0correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition’s current version.

EditionVersionDateStateChangeNotice
SENNR-COUNTRY-SEN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0October 2026DraftBaseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,None

Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.

C.4Open record

This edition’s open record

Publication ID
NR-COUNTRY-SEN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Desk identifier and series alias
NR-NAT-SEN-2026-BL
Collection
None
DOI
Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata
Versions
Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest
Bundle
RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest
Licence
CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0

Credit and identity

ORCID
Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record
ROR
Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone
CRediT
Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing
Account
None needed to contribute; never a password

Find and follow

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C.5Where this edition sits among the six pillars

Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.

  1. F03 Sealed observations and indicator series Foundry Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).
  2. F04 After-action and scenario findings for Universe After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).
  3. F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter Foundry National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).
  4. Applied in editions Standards Nexus Standards: applied in editions.
  5. SEN edition Reports Senegal 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.
  6. F06 Method and correction findings as change Standards Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).
  7. F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year Universe Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).
  8. Taught in the open Academy Risk Academy: taught in the open.

What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; SEN is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.

HandoffBetweenWhat crosses, and when
F03Foundry to ReportsSealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).
F04Universe to ReportsAfter-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).
F05Foundry to ReportsNational Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).
RingNexus Standards to ReportsNexus Standards: applied in editions.
F06Reports to Nexus StandardsMethod and correction findings as change proposals (correction).
F12Reports to UniverseQ4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).
RingReports to Risk AcademyRisk Academy: taught in the open.

Cite this annex

Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Annex C: References and record. In Senegal Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: The State of Senegal’s Interdependent Systems (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-COUNTRY-SEN-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI).

Every citation form of the whole report, BibTeX and RIS included, is on the edition home. Cite this report

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