Skip to content

GCRI · Tecnologías cuánticas

Innovación cuántica responsable

Quantum technologies raise questions of security, equity, dual use and honesty about what they can do. Export controls restrict trade in some quantum items, a few countries and firms hold most capability, and inflated claims can misdirect public money. This page sets out the governance questions quantum innovation raises, how they are being addressed, and what evidence serves the governments, funders and researchers shaping it.

01Lienzo

Cómo se desarrolla el trabajo.

sistemas · en torno a este temaIlustrativo

Seguimiento de la migración poscuántica

Responsible quantum innovation · Crypto inventory · Wave 4

Datos de larga vida en riesgoGCRI · Tecnologías cuánticas

Migración

  1. Inventariotoda la criptografía
  2. Priorizarvida útil de los datos
  3. Seleccionaralgoritmos estándar
  4. Despliegue híbridoclásica y PQC
  5. Probarinteroperabilidad
  6. Puesta en producciónretirar

Sistemas por prioridad

Firma de archivosRSA-204818ML-DSA híbridoPiloto
Pasarela VPNECDH10ML-KEM híbridoPrevisto
HSM de pagosRSA-30729Hoja de ruta del proveedorBloqueado
TLS webECDHE2Intercambio de claves híbridoHecho

Progreso

Inventariados, %72 of 100 requiredHíbrido implantado, %23 of 50 requiredRetirados, %13 of 25 required
Post-quantum migration tracker: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Responsible quantum innovation.Nombres de ejemplo y valores ilustrativos; un diseño, no un registro ni un sistema en vivo.

Fig.Post-quantum migration tracker: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.

02La pregunta

Responsible quantum innovation: how the risk develops.

Dual-use, equity and uncertainty. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mecanismo

Dual use is built in

Quantum computing threatens current cryptography and quantum sensing has military uses, so the same research serves civilian and security ends.

Mecanismo

Export controls restrict diffusion

Several countries control exports of specified quantum computers, components and software, affecting collaboration and markets.

Mecanismo

Capability is concentrated

Most investment, patents and expertise sit in a few countries and firms, raising concerns about an emerging quantum divide.

Mecanismo

Hype misleads decisions

Overstated claims of near-term advantage can distort funding, procurement and security planning. Claims discipline is part of responsible innovation.

03Métodos y evidencia

How responsible quantum innovation is modelled, measured and tested.

El modelo, sus supuestos, sus datos y su incertidumbre, en la forma en que un científico o un ingeniero los comprobaría. Las estructuras siguen métodos publicados. Los valores representados son ilustrativos, no hallazgos.

Modelo de sistema

The couplings between the systems in responsible quantum innovation: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+CuánticaCiberComunidadesEconomíaR de refuerzoB equilibrio
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
Principios rectores FAIR · GO FAIR y FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumOrientación para un tratamiento coherente de las incertidumbres · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Comité sobre Satélites de Observación de la Tierra
04En todos los dominios

Responsible quantum innovation anticipates effects across domains.

05Indicadores

Qué se mide y con qué calidad.

Cada indicador lleva su unidad, su periodicidad, el tipo de fuente que lo respalda y la etiqueta de evidencia que llevaría un valor. No se muestran valores: un programa los aporta bajo su propia autoridad.

IndicadorUnidadCadenciaTipo de fuenteEtiqueta
Countries with national quantum strategiesrecuentoanualGovernment strategy documentsEstadísticas publicadas
Export control measures on quantum itemsrecuentopor cambioGovernment noticesEstadísticas publicadas
Share of quantum patents by countrypercentanualPatent databasesOBSERVADO
International research collaborations in quantumcount of co-authored papers by country pairanualBibliometric dataOBSERVADO
Responsible innovation frameworks adoptedrecuentopor evaluaciónProgramme documentationDECLARADO
Public engagement activities on quantumrecuentoanualProgramme reportsNOTIFICADO
06Fuentes

De dónde procede la evidencia.

Conjuntos de datos públicos y registros institucionales identificados, cada uno con su tipo de licencia. Las fuentes obtenidas por acuerdo solo se utilizan conforme a sus condiciones y nunca se republican.

FuenteLo que aportaTipo de licencia
Government export control lists and noticesControls on quantum itemsPublic records, licence per government
OECD and UNESCO work on quantum and societyPolicy and ethics perspectivesPublic, terms per organisation
NIST post-quantum cryptography standards (FIPS 203, 204 and 205)Approved algorithms for migrating cryptography before quantum attacksUS government work, public domain
Bibliometric databases such as OpenAlexCollaboration and publication patternsAbierta, CC0
Patent databasesGeographic distribution of patentingFree access, terms per office
07Decisiones

Quién decide y a qué sirve la evidencia.

Quantum Technologies prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Quién decideLa preguntaEvidencia a la que sirve esta página
GobiernosHow to balance security controls with open science and collaborationGovernance reviews; export control evidence
Financiadores de la investigaciónHow to assess quantum claims and fund responsiblyClaims assessment guides
International organisationsHow to support access for countries with little capabilityConcentration analyses

Productos que genera este tema

  • Governance landscape reviews for quantum
  • Analyses of capability concentration
  • Claims assessment guides for funders and buyers
  • Evidence notes on export control effects on research
08Cuestiones centrales

Lo que se preguntan los expertos.

Responsible innovation questions are asked before capabilities arrive.

  • Which quantum capabilities have military or surveillance uses, and how should research and trade be governed?
  • Who will have access to quantum technology and its benefits, and who could be left exposed?
  • How should uncertain timelines be communicated without hype or complacency?
  • How can countries without quantum industries protect their sistemas during the cryptographic transition?
  • What environmental and resource costs do quantum systems carry?
09Mecanismos

Mecanismos y factores impulsores.

Dual use is intrinsic: the same computers, sensors and communication sistemas serve civilian and security purposes, and the cryptographic threat has obvious intelligence value. Governments respond with export controls and research security measures, which can also slow open science and international collaboration.

Equity risks arise because capability is concentrated. Countries and organisations with fewer resources may be last to migrate their cryptography and least able to benefit from applications. Hype is itself a risk: inflated expectations misdirect resources and erode trust when they are not met, while dismissiveness can delay necessary security work. Responsible practice therefore pairs every claim with its evidence base and its uncertainty, and invites independent specialists to test it.

10Métodos y datos

Cómo se estudia y dónde terminan los métodos.

Método o datosLo que muestraLímites
Technology assessment and foresightPlausible developments and their implicationsForesight is not prediction
Ethical, legal and social analysisRights, fairness and accountability questionsNormative judgements differ across societies
Stakeholder and public engagementConcerns and values of those affectedEngagement can be shallow or unrepresentative
Life-cycle assessmentEnergy and material footprintData on emerging sistemas is limited
11Métodos

Cómo se estudia y lo que los métodos no pueden decir.

12Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Los organismos y documentos con los que se lee esta página. El estado y las ediciones cambian; cada enlace lleva al organismo emisor.

13Preguntas

Preguntas y respuestas.

Why is quantum technology dual use?
Because the same advances that enable useful computing and sensing could break current cryptography or support military applications.
What is the quantum divide?
Concern that a few countries and firms will hold most quantum capability and benefits, widening gaps with others.
How can quantum claims be assessed?
By checking whether results are peer-reviewed, compared with the best classical methods, reproduced independently and stated with their limits.
Why is hype a risk?
Because overstated claims redirect funding and policy and damage trust when they fail. Clear separation of demonstrated results from expectation is part of responsible innovation.
Should quantum research be restricted?
That is for governments and institutions to decide. The platform publishes evidence on the trade-offs between security, openness and collaboration.
How can less-resourced countries prepare?
Mainly through the cryptographic transition: inventory, migration planning and adoption of standardised post-quantum algorithms, which do not require quantum hardware.
serie ReportsContribuir

Aporte evidencia desde esta página.

serie Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRITecnologías cuánticasTecnología exponencialPerspectiva prospectiva
Tecnologías cuánticas

Aporte un método, un conjunto de datos o una pregunta.

La información y las consultas están abiertas hoy. Una consulta recibe una referencia e indica el siguiente paso; las solicitudes, pagos, asignaciones de cómputo y registros solo se abren cuando existen su equipo, sus condiciones y la capacidad de revisión.