GCRI · 量子技術
責任ある量子イノベーション
Quantum technologies raise questions of security, equity, dual use and honesty about what they can do. Export controls restrict trade in some quantum items, a few countries and firms hold most capability, and inflated claims can misdirect public money. This page sets out the governance questions quantum innovation raises, how they are being addressed, and what evidence serves the governments, funders and researchers shaping it.
作業の進め方。
ポスト量子移行追跡ツール
Responsible quantum innovation · Crypto inventory · Wave 4
移住
- 目録暗号すべて
- 優先順位をつけるデータの寿命
- 選択する標準アルゴリズム
- ハイブリッド展開従来型と PQC
- 試験相互運用性
- 切り替え退役
優先度別のシステム
| アーカイブの署名 | RSA-2048 | 18 | ML-DSA ハイブリッド | 試験運用 |
| VPN ゲートウェイ | ECDH | 10 | ML-KEM ハイブリッド | 計画中 |
| 決済 HSM | RSA-3072 | 9 | ベンダーのロードマップ | 阻害中 |
| Web TLS | ECDHE | 2 | ハイブリッド鍵交換 | 完了 |
進捗
図Post-quantum migration tracker: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.
Responsible quantum innovation: how the risk develops.
Dual-use, equity and uncertainty. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.
Dual use is built in
Quantum computing threatens current cryptography and quantum sensing has military uses, so the same research serves civilian and security ends.
Export controls restrict diffusion
Several countries control exports of specified quantum computers, components and software, affecting collaboration and markets.
Capability is concentrated
Most investment, patents and expertise sit in a few countries and firms, raising concerns about an emerging quantum divide.
Hype misleads decisions
Overstated claims of near-term advantage can distort funding, procurement and security planning. Claims discipline is part of responsible innovation.
How responsible quantum innovation is modelled, measured and tested.
モデル、その仮定、データ、不確実性を、科学者やエンジニアが確認する形で示します。構造は公表された手法に従っています。描かれた値は例示であり、知見ではありません。
システム・モデル
The couplings between the systems in responsible quantum innovation: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.
Responsible quantum innovation anticipates effects across domains.
- 健康結合Cryptanalysis risk affects privacy across sectors.What to watchMigration equity between large and small institutions
- エネルギー結合Critical infrastructure needs coordinated migration.What to watchSector migration timelines
- 生物多様性結合Environmental footprints of new facilities need assessment.What to watchFootprint disclosure
Governance studies are designed for the フォーサイト展望シリーズ. The OECD and standards bodies such as ISO/IEC JTC 3 frame emerging governance.
- Governance frameworks under discussion.
- Stakeholder perspectives with consent.
何を、どの程度うまく測定しているか。
各指標には、その単位、更新頻度、背後にある出典の種類、値が持つことになるエビデンスのラベルが付いています。値は表示しません：プログラムが自らの権限のもとで値を提供します。
| 指標 | 単位 | 周期 | 出典の種類 | ラベル |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Countries with national quantum strategies | 件数 | 年次 | Government strategy documents | 公表統計 |
| Export control measures on quantum items | 件数 | 変更ごと | Government notices | 公表統計 |
| Share of quantum patents by country | percent | 年次 | Patent databases | 観測 |
| International research collaborations in quantum | count of co-authored papers by country pair | 年次 | Bibliometric data | 観測 |
| Responsible innovation frameworks adopted | 件数 | 評価ごと | Programme documentation | 申告済み |
| Public engagement activities on quantum | 件数 | 年次 | Programme reports | 報告値 |
エビデンスの出所。
名前の明示された公開データセットと機関の記録。それぞれにライセンス区分があります。合意に基づく出典は、その条件のもとでのみ使用し、再公開することはありません。
| 出典 | 提供するもの | ライセンス区分 |
|---|---|---|
| Government export control lists and notices | Controls on quantum items | Public records, licence per government |
| OECD and UNESCO work on quantum and society | Policy and ethics perspectives | Public, terms per organisation |
| NIST post-quantum cryptography standards (FIPS 203, 204 and 205) | Approved algorithms for migrating cryptography before quantum attacks | US government work, public domain |
| Bibliometric databases such as OpenAlex | Collaboration and publication patterns | オープン、CC0 |
| Patent databases | Geographic distribution of patenting | Free access, terms per office |
誰が決め、エビデンスが何に役立つか。
Quantum Technologies prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.
| 誰が決定するか | 質問 | このページが提供するエビデンス |
|---|---|---|
| 政府 | How to balance security controls with open science and collaboration | Governance reviews; export control evidence |
| 研究資金提供者 | How to assess quantum claims and fund responsibly | Claims assessment guides |
| International organisations | How to support access for countries with little capability | Concentration analyses |
このトピックが生み出す成果物
- Governance landscape reviews for quantum
- Analyses of capability concentration
- Claims assessment guides for funders and buyers
- Evidence notes on export control effects on research
専門家が問うこと。
Responsible innovation questions are asked before capabilities arrive.
- Which quantum capabilities have military or surveillance uses, and how should research and trade be governed?
- Who will have access to quantum technology and its benefits, and who could be left exposed?
- How should uncertain timelines be communicated without hype or complacency?
- How can countries without quantum industries protect their システム during the cryptographic transition?
- What environmental and resource costs do quantum systems carry?
メカニズムと要因。
Dual use is intrinsic: the same computers, sensors and communication システム serve civilian and security purposes, and the cryptographic threat has obvious intelligence value. Governments respond with export controls and research security measures, which can also slow open science and international collaboration.
Equity risks arise because capability is concentrated. Countries and organisations with fewer resources may be last to migrate their cryptography and least able to benefit from applications. Hype is itself a risk: inflated expectations misdirect resources and erode trust when they are not met, while dismissiveness can delay necessary security work. Responsible practice therefore pairs every claim with its evidence base and its uncertainty, and invites independent specialists to test it.
どのように研究され、手法がどこで止まるか。
| 手法またはデータ | 表示内容 | 限界 |
|---|---|---|
| Technology assessment and foresight | Plausible developments and their implications | Foresight is not prediction |
| Ethical, legal and social analysis | Rights, fairness and accountability questions | Normative judgements differ across societies |
| Stakeholder and public engagement | Concerns and values of those affected | Engagement can be shallow or unrepresentative |
| Life-cycle assessment | Energy and material footprint | Data on emerging システム is limited |
Where this page’s references lead.
このページの読解の基準となる機関と文書。状態と版は変わります。各リンクは発行機関へ移動します。
質問と回答。
Why is quantum technology dual use?
What is the quantum divide?
How can quantum claims be assessed?
Why is hype a risk?
Should quantum research be restricted?
How can less-resourced countries prepare?
このページからエビデンスを提供する。
報告書 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
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