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GCRI · Tecnologie quantistiche

Innovazione quantistica responsabile

Quantum technologies raise questions of security, equity, dual use and honesty about what they can do. Export controls restrict trade in some quantum items, a few countries and firms hold most capability, and inflated claims can misdirect public money. This page sets out the governance questions quantum innovation raises, how they are being addressed, and what evidence serves the governments, funders and researchers shaping it.

01Canvas

Come si svolge il lavoro.

sistemi · intorno a questo temaIllustrativo

Monitoraggio della migrazione post-quantistica

Responsible quantum innovation · Crypto inventory · Wave 4

Dati di lunga durata a rischioGCRI · Tecnologie quantistiche

Migrazione

  1. Inventariotutta la crittografia
  2. Dare prioritàdurata di vita dei dati
  3. Selezionarealgoritmi standard
  4. Distribuzione ibridaclassica e PQC
  5. Testareinteroperabilità
  6. Passaggio in produzionedismettere

Sistemi per priorità

Firma degli archiviRSA-204818ML-DSA ibridoSperimentazione pilota
Gateway VPNECDH10ML-KEM ibridoPianificato
HSM dei pagamentiRSA-30729Roadmap del fornitoreBloccato
TLS webECDHE2Scambio di chiavi ibridoFatto

Avanzamento

Inventariati, %72 of 100 requiredIbrido implementato, %23 of 50 requiredRitirati, %13 of 25 required
Post-quantum migration tracker: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Responsible quantum innovation.Nomi di esempio e valori illustrativi; un progetto, non un registro né un sistema attivo.

Fig.Post-quantum migration tracker: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.

02La domanda

Responsible quantum innovation: how the risk develops.

Dual-use, equity and uncertainty. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Meccanismo

Dual use is built in

Quantum computing threatens current cryptography and quantum sensing has military uses, so the same research serves civilian and security ends.

Meccanismo

Export controls restrict diffusion

Several countries control exports of specified quantum computers, components and software, affecting collaboration and markets.

Meccanismo

Capability is concentrated

Most investment, patents and expertise sit in a few countries and firms, raising concerns about an emerging quantum divide.

Meccanismo

Hype misleads decisions

Overstated claims of near-term advantage can distort funding, procurement and security planning. Claims discipline is part of responsible innovation.

03Metodi ed evidenze

How responsible quantum innovation is modelled, measured and tested.

Il modello, le sue ipotesi, i suoi dati e la sua incertezza, nella forma in cui uno scienziato o un ingegnere li verificherebbe. Le strutture seguono metodi pubblicati. I valori rappresentati sono illustrativi, non risultati.

Modello di sistema

The couplings between the systems in responsible quantum innovation: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+QuantisticaCyberComunitàEconomiaR di rinforzoB bilanciamento
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
Principi guida FAIR · GO FAIR e FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumGuidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Comitato sui satelliti per l'osservazione della Terra
04Tra i domini

Responsible quantum innovation anticipates effects across domains.

05Indicatori

Cosa viene misurato e con quale accuratezza.

Ogni indicatore riporta la sua unità, la sua cadenza, il tipo di fonte su cui si basa e l'etichetta di evidenza che un valore riporterebbe. Non sono mostrati valori: un programma li fornisce sotto la propria autorità.

IndicatoreUnitàCadenzaTipo di fonteEtichetta
Countries with national quantum strategiesconteggioannualeGovernment strategy documentsStatistiche pubblicate
Export control measures on quantum itemsconteggioper modificaGovernment noticesStatistiche pubblicate
Share of quantum patents by countrypercentannualePatent databasesOSSERVATO
International research collaborations in quantumcount of co-authored papers by country pairannualeBibliometric dataOSSERVATO
Responsible innovation frameworks adoptedconteggioper valutazioneProgramme documentationDICHIARATO
Public engagement activities on quantumconteggioannualeProgramme reportsRIPORTATO
06Fonti

Da dove provengono le evidenze.

Set di dati pubblici e registri istituzionali specifici, ciascuno con la sua classe di licenza. Le fonti soggette ad accordo sono utilizzate solo alle relative condizioni e mai ripubblicate.

FonteCosa fornisceClasse di licenza
Government export control lists and noticesControls on quantum itemsPublic records, licence per government
OECD and UNESCO work on quantum and societyPolicy and ethics perspectivesPublic, terms per organisation
NIST post-quantum cryptography standards (FIPS 203, 204 and 205)Approved algorithms for migrating cryptography before quantum attacksUS government work, public domain
Bibliometric databases such as OpenAlexCollaboration and publication patternsAperto, CC0
Patent databasesGeographic distribution of patentingFree access, terms per office
07Decisioni

Chi decide, e a cosa servono le evidenze.

Quantum Technologies prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Chi decideLa domandaEvidenze fornite da questa pagina
GoverniHow to balance security controls with open science and collaborationGovernance reviews; export control evidence
Finanziatori della ricercaHow to assess quantum claims and fund responsiblyClaims assessment guides
International organisationsHow to support access for countries with little capabilityConcentration analyses

Output prodotti da questo argomento

  • Governance landscape reviews for quantum
  • Analyses of capability concentration
  • Claims assessment guides for funders and buyers
  • Evidence notes on export control effects on research
08Questioni centrali

Cosa si chiedono gli esperti.

Responsible innovation questions are asked before capabilities arrive.

  • Which quantum capabilities have military or surveillance uses, and how should research and trade be governed?
  • Who will have access to quantum technology and its benefits, and who could be left exposed?
  • How should uncertain timelines be communicated without hype or complacency?
  • How can countries without quantum industries protect their sistemi during the cryptographic transition?
  • What environmental and resource costs do quantum systems carry?
09Meccanismi

Meccanismi e fattori.

Dual use is intrinsic: the same computers, sensors and communication sistemi serve civilian and security purposes, and the cryptographic threat has obvious intelligence value. Governments respond with export controls and research security measures, which can also slow open science and international collaboration.

Equity risks arise because capability is concentrated. Countries and organisations with fewer resources may be last to migrate their cryptography and least able to benefit from applications. Hype is itself a risk: inflated expectations misdirect resources and erode trust when they are not met, while dismissiveness can delay necessary security work. Responsible practice therefore pairs every claim with its evidence base and its uncertainty, and invites independent specialists to test it.

10Metodi e dati

Come viene studiato, e dove si fermano i metodi.

Metodo o datiCosa mostraLimiti
Technology assessment and foresightPlausible developments and their implicationsForesight is not prediction
Ethical, legal and social analysisRights, fairness and accountability questionsNormative judgements differ across societies
Stakeholder and public engagementConcerns and values of those affectedEngagement can be shallow or unrepresentative
Life-cycle assessmentEnergy and material footprintData on emerging sistemi is limited
11Metodi

Come viene studiato, e cosa i metodi non possono dire.

12Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Gli organismi e i documenti alla luce dei quali si legge questa pagina. Stato ed edizioni cambiano; ogni link porta all'organismo emittente.

13Domande

Domande e risposte.

Why is quantum technology dual use?
Because the same advances that enable useful computing and sensing could break current cryptography or support military applications.
What is the quantum divide?
Concern that a few countries and firms will hold most quantum capability and benefits, widening gaps with others.
How can quantum claims be assessed?
By checking whether results are peer-reviewed, compared with the best classical methods, reproduced independently and stated with their limits.
Why is hype a risk?
Because overstated claims redirect funding and policy and damage trust when they fail. Clear separation of demonstrated results from expectation is part of responsible innovation.
Should quantum research be restricted?
That is for governments and institutions to decide. The platform publishes evidence on the trade-offs between security, openness and collaboration.
How can less-resourced countries prepare?
Mainly through the cryptographic transition: inventory, migration planning and adoption of standardised post-quantum algorithms, which do not require quantum hardware.
RapportiContribuisci

Contribuisci con evidenze da questa pagina.

Rapporti is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRITecnologie quantisticheTecnologia esponenzialeProspettive Foresight
Tecnologie quantistiche

Porta un metodo, un set di dati o una domanda.

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