GCRI · Teknologi Kuantum
Inovasi kuantum yang bertanggung jawab
Quantum technologies raise questions of security, equity, dual use and honesty about what they can do. Export controls restrict trade in some quantum items, a few countries and firms hold most capability, and inflated claims can misdirect public money. This page sets out the governance questions quantum innovation raises, how they are being addressed, and what evidence serves the governments, funders and researchers shaping it.
Bagaimana pekerjaan berjalan.
Pelacak migrasi pasca-kuantum
Responsible quantum innovation · Crypto inventory · Wave 4
Migrasi
- Inventarissemua kripto
- Prioritaskanumur data
- Pilihalgoritma standar
- Penerapan hibridaklasik dan PQC
- Ujiinteroperabilitas
- Peralihanpensiunkan
Sistem menurut prioritas
| Penandatanganan arsip | RSA-2048 | 18 | Hibrida ML-DSA | Uji coba |
| Gerbang VPN | ECDH | 10 | Hibrida ML-KEM | Direncanakan |
| HSM pembayaran | RSA-3072 | 9 | Peta jalan vendor | Terhambat |
| Web TLS | ECDHE | 2 | Pertukaran kunci hibrida | Selesai |
Kemajuan
Gbr.Post-quantum migration tracker: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.
Responsible quantum innovation: how the risk develops.
Dual-use, equity and uncertainty. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.
Dual use is built in
Quantum computing threatens current cryptography and quantum sensing has military uses, so the same research serves civilian and security ends.
Export controls restrict diffusion
Several countries control exports of specified quantum computers, components and software, affecting collaboration and markets.
Capability is concentrated
Most investment, patents and expertise sit in a few countries and firms, raising concerns about an emerging quantum divide.
Hype misleads decisions
Overstated claims of near-term advantage can distort funding, procurement and security planning. Claims discipline is part of responsible innovation.
How responsible quantum innovation is modelled, measured and tested.
Model, asumsi, data, dan ketidakpastiannya, dalam bentuk yang akan diperiksa ilmuwan atau insinyur. Strukturnya mengikuti metode yang dipublikasikan. Nilai yang digambar bersifat ilustratif, bukan temuan.
Model sistem
The couplings between the systems in responsible quantum innovation: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.
Responsible quantum innovation anticipates effects across domains.
- KesehatanKeterkaitanCryptanalysis risk affects privacy across sectors.What to watchMigration equity between large and small institutions
- EnergiKeterkaitanCritical infrastructure needs coordinated migration.What to watchSector migration timelines
- Keanekaragaman hayatiKeterkaitanEnvironmental footprints of new facilities need assessment.What to watchFootprint disclosure
Governance studies are designed for the Seri Prospek Kajian Masa Depan. The OECD and standards bodies such as ISO/IEC JTC 3 frame emerging governance.
- Governance frameworks under discussion.
- Stakeholder perspectives with consent.
Apa yang diukur, dan seberapa baik.
Setiap indikator membawa satuan, frekuensi, jenis sumber di baliknya, dan label bukti yang akan dibawa suatu nilai. Tidak ada nilai yang ditampilkan: sebuah program menyediakannya berdasarkan wewenangnya sendiri.
| Indikator | Unit | Kadensi | Jenis sumber | Label |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Countries with national quantum strategies | jumlah | tahunan | Government strategy documents | Statistik terbitan |
| Export control measures on quantum items | jumlah | per perubahan | Government notices | Statistik terbitan |
| Share of quantum patents by country | percent | tahunan | Patent databases | TERAMATI |
| International research collaborations in quantum | count of co-authored papers by country pair | tahunan | Bibliometric data | TERAMATI |
| Responsible innovation frameworks adopted | jumlah | per penilaian | Programme documentation | DINYATAKAN |
| Public engagement activities on quantum | jumlah | tahunan | Programme reports | DILAPORKAN |
Asal bukti.
Set data publik bernama dan catatan kelembagaan, masing-masing dengan kelas lisensinya. Sumber berdasarkan perjanjian hanya digunakan sesuai ketentuannya dan tidak pernah diterbitkan ulang.
| Sumber | Apa yang diberikannya | Kelas lisensi |
|---|---|---|
| Government export control lists and notices | Controls on quantum items | Public records, licence per government |
| OECD and UNESCO work on quantum and society | Policy and ethics perspectives | Public, terms per organisation |
| NIST post-quantum cryptography standards (FIPS 203, 204 and 205) | Approved algorithms for migrating cryptography before quantum attacks | US government work, public domain |
| Bibliometric databases such as OpenAlex | Collaboration and publication patterns | Terbuka, CC0 |
| Patent databases | Geographic distribution of patenting | Free access, terms per office |
Siapa yang memutuskan, dan apa yang dilayani bukti.
Quantum Technologies prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.
| Siapa yang memutuskan | Pertanyaannya | Bukti yang dilayani halaman ini |
|---|---|---|
| Pemerintah | How to balance security controls with open science and collaboration | Governance reviews; export control evidence |
| Penyandang dana penelitian | How to assess quantum claims and fund responsibly | Claims assessment guides |
| International organisations | How to support access for countries with little capability | Concentration analyses |
Keluaran yang dihasilkan topik ini
- Governance landscape reviews for quantum
- Analyses of capability concentration
- Claims assessment guides for funders and buyers
- Evidence notes on export control effects on research
Apa yang ditanyakan pakar.
Responsible innovation questions are asked before capabilities arrive.
- Which quantum capabilities have military or surveillance uses, and how should research and trade be governed?
- Who will have access to quantum technology and its benefits, and who could be left exposed?
- How should uncertain timelines be communicated without hype or complacency?
- How can countries without quantum industries protect their sistem during the cryptographic transition?
- What environmental and resource costs do quantum systems carry?
Mekanisme dan pendorong.
Dual use is intrinsic: the same computers, sensors and communication sistem serve civilian and security purposes, and the cryptographic threat has obvious intelligence value. Governments respond with export controls and research security measures, which can also slow open science and international collaboration.
Equity risks arise because capability is concentrated. Countries and organisations with fewer resources may be last to migrate their cryptography and least able to benefit from applications. Hype is itself a risk: inflated expectations misdirect resources and erode trust when they are not met, while dismissiveness can delay necessary security work. Responsible practice therefore pairs every claim with its evidence base and its uncertainty, and invites independent specialists to test it.
Cara hal ini dikaji, dan di mana batas metodenya.
| Metode atau data | Apa yang ditampilkannya | Batasan |
|---|---|---|
| Technology assessment and foresight | Plausible developments and their implications | Foresight is not prediction |
| Ethical, legal and social analysis | Rights, fairness and accountability questions | Normative judgements differ across societies |
| Stakeholder and public engagement | Concerns and values of those affected | Engagement can be shallow or unrepresentative |
| Life-cycle assessment | Energy and material footprint | Data on emerging sistem is limited |
Cara hal ini dikaji, dan apa yang tidak dapat dinyatakan metodenya.
- 01Keamanan siber dan kriptografiInventaris kriptografi · Prioritisasi migrasi · Tinjauan implementasi QKDDiterapkan di sini
- 02Probabilitas dan statistikaEstimasi fidelitas · Pengujian klaim keunggulan · Analisis data paten dan investasiDiterapkan di sini
- 03Fisika dan ilmu kuantumKarakterisasi derau qubit · Metrologi jam kuantum · Verifikasi efek kuantumDiterapkan di sini
Where this page’s references lead.
Badan dan dokumen yang menjadi acuan halaman ini. Status dan edisi berubah; setiap tautan menuju badan penerbitnya.
Tanya jawab.
Why is quantum technology dual use?
What is the quantum divide?
How can quantum claims be assessed?
Why is hype a risk?
Should quantum research be restricted?
How can less-resourced countries prepare?
Kontribusikan bukti dari halaman ini.
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Bawa metode, dataset, atau pertanyaan.
Informasi dan pertanyaan sudah terbuka hari ini. Sebuah pertanyaan menerima nomor referensi dan menyebutkan langkah berikutnya; lamaran, pembayaran, alokasi komputasi, dan pendaftaran hanya dibuka ketika tim, ketentuan, dan kapasitas tinjauannya tersedia.
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