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GCRI · Tecnologias quânticas

Inovação quântica responsável

Quantum technologies raise questions of security, equity, dual use and honesty about what they can do. Export controls restrict trade in some quantum items, a few countries and firms hold most capability, and inflated claims can misdirect public money. This page sets out the governance questions quantum innovation raises, how they are being addressed, and what evidence serves the governments, funders and researchers shaping it.

01Canvas

Como decorre o trabalho.

sistemas · em torno deste temaIlustrativo

Acompanhamento da migração pós-quântica

Responsible quantum innovation · Crypto inventory · Wave 4

Dados de longa duração em riscoGCRI · Tecnologias quânticas

Migração

  1. Inventáriotoda a criptografia
  2. Priorizarvida útil dos dados
  3. Selecionaralgoritmos padrão
  4. Implantação híbridaclássica e PQC
  5. Testarinteroperabilidade
  6. Migrardesativar

Sistemas por prioridade

Assinatura de arquivosRSA-204818ML-DSA híbridoEm piloto
Gateway VPNECDH10ML-KEM híbridoPlanejado
HSM de pagamentosRSA-30729Roteiro do fornecedorBloqueado
TLS webECDHE2Troca de chaves híbridaConcluído

Progresso

Inventariados, %72 of 100 requiredHíbrido implementado, %23 of 50 requiredRetirados, %13 of 25 required
Post-quantum migration tracker: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Responsible quantum innovation.Nomes de exemplo e valores ilustrativos; um projeto, não um registro nem um sistema ativo.

Fig.Post-quantum migration tracker: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.

02A pergunta

Responsible quantum innovation: how the risk develops.

Dual-use, equity and uncertainty. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mecanismo

Dual use is built in

Quantum computing threatens current cryptography and quantum sensing has military uses, so the same research serves civilian and security ends.

Mecanismo

Export controls restrict diffusion

Several countries control exports of specified quantum computers, components and software, affecting collaboration and markets.

Mecanismo

Capability is concentrated

Most investment, patents and expertise sit in a few countries and firms, raising concerns about an emerging quantum divide.

Mecanismo

Hype misleads decisions

Overstated claims of near-term advantage can distort funding, procurement and security planning. Claims discipline is part of responsible innovation.

03Métodos e evidência

How responsible quantum innovation is modelled, measured and tested.

O modelo, os seus pressupostos, os seus dados e a sua incerteza, na forma que um cientista ou engenheiro verificaria. As estruturas seguem métodos publicados. Os valores representados são ilustrativos, não conclusões.

Modelo de sistema

The couplings between the systems in responsible quantum innovation: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+QuânticaCibernéticaComunidadesEconomiaR de reforçoB equilíbrio
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
Princípios orientadores FAIR · GO FAIR e FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumOrientação sobre o tratamento consistente das incertezas · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
04Em todos os domínios

Responsible quantum innovation anticipates effects across domains.

05Indicadores

O que é medido e com que qualidade.

Cada indicador leva sua unidade, sua periodicidade, o tipo de fonte por trás dele e a etiqueta de evidência que um valor levaria. Nenhum valor é mostrado: um programa os fornece sob sua própria autoridade.

IndicadorUnidadeCadênciaTipo de fonteRótulo
Countries with national quantum strategiescontagemanualGovernment strategy documentsEstatísticas publicadas
Export control measures on quantum itemscontagempor alteraçãoGovernment noticesEstatísticas publicadas
Share of quantum patents by countrypercentanualPatent databasesOBSERVADO
International research collaborations in quantumcount of co-authored papers by country pairanualBibliometric dataOBSERVADO
Responsible innovation frameworks adoptedcontagempor avaliaçãoProgramme documentationDECLARADO
Public engagement activities on quantumcontagemanualProgramme reportsREPORTADO
06Fontes

De onde vêm as evidências.

Conjuntos de dados públicos nomeados e registros institucionais, cada um com sua classe de licença. As fontes obtidas por acordo só são usadas nos seus termos e nunca são republicadas.

FonteO que ofereceClasse de licença
Government export control lists and noticesControls on quantum itemsPublic records, licence per government
OECD and UNESCO work on quantum and societyPolicy and ethics perspectivesPublic, terms per organisation
NIST post-quantum cryptography standards (FIPS 203, 204 and 205)Approved algorithms for migrating cryptography before quantum attacksUS government work, public domain
Bibliometric databases such as OpenAlexCollaboration and publication patternsAberto, CC0
Patent databasesGeographic distribution of patentingFree access, terms per office
07Decisões

Quem decide, e a que servem as evidências.

Quantum Technologies prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Quem decideA perguntaEvidências a que esta página serve
GovernosHow to balance security controls with open science and collaborationGovernance reviews; export control evidence
Financiadores de pesquisaHow to assess quantum claims and fund responsiblyClaims assessment guides
International organisationsHow to support access for countries with little capabilityConcentration analyses

Produtos que este tema gera

  • Governance landscape reviews for quantum
  • Analyses of capability concentration
  • Claims assessment guides for funders and buyers
  • Evidence notes on export control effects on research
08Questões centrais

O que os especialistas perguntam.

Responsible innovation questions are asked before capabilities arrive.

  • Which quantum capabilities have military or surveillance uses, and how should research and trade be governed?
  • Who will have access to quantum technology and its benefits, and who could be left exposed?
  • How should uncertain timelines be communicated without hype or complacency?
  • How can countries without quantum industries protect their sistemas during the cryptographic transition?
  • What environmental and resource costs do quantum systems carry?
09Mecanismos

Mecanismos e fatores.

Dual use is intrinsic: the same computers, sensors and communication sistemas serve civilian and security purposes, and the cryptographic threat has obvious intelligence value. Governments respond with export controls and research security measures, which can also slow open science and international collaboration.

Equity risks arise because capability is concentrated. Countries and organisations with fewer resources may be last to migrate their cryptography and least able to benefit from applications. Hype is itself a risk: inflated expectations misdirect resources and erode trust when they are not met, while dismissiveness can delay necessary security work. Responsible practice therefore pairs every claim with its evidence base and its uncertainty, and invites independent specialists to test it.

10Métodos e dados

Como é estudado e onde param os métodos.

Método ou dadosO que mostraLimites
Technology assessment and foresightPlausible developments and their implicationsForesight is not prediction
Ethical, legal and social analysisRights, fairness and accountability questionsNormative judgements differ across societies
Stakeholder and public engagementConcerns and values of those affectedEngagement can be shallow or unrepresentative
Life-cycle assessmentEnergy and material footprintData on emerging sistemas is limited
11Métodos

Como é estudado e o que os métodos não podem dizer.

12Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Os organismos e documentos à luz dos quais esta página é lida. O estado e as edições mudam; cada ligação leva ao organismo emissor.

13Perguntas

Perguntas e respostas.

Why is quantum technology dual use?
Because the same advances that enable useful computing and sensing could break current cryptography or support military applications.
What is the quantum divide?
Concern that a few countries and firms will hold most quantum capability and benefits, widening gaps with others.
How can quantum claims be assessed?
By checking whether results are peer-reviewed, compared with the best classical methods, reproduced independently and stated with their limits.
Why is hype a risk?
Because overstated claims redirect funding and policy and damage trust when they fail. Clear separation of demonstrated results from expectation is part of responsible innovation.
Should quantum research be restricted?
That is for governments and institutions to decide. The platform publishes evidence on the trade-offs between security, openness and collaboration.
How can less-resourced countries prepare?
Mainly through the cryptographic transition: inventory, migration planning and adoption of standardised post-quantum algorithms, which do not require quantum hardware.
RelatóriosContribuir

Contribua com evidências a partir desta página.

Relatórios is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRITecnologias quânticasTecnologia exponencialPanorama prospectivo
Tecnologias quânticas

Traga um método, um conjunto de dados ou uma pergunta.

A informação e os pedidos estão abertos hoje. Um pedido recebe uma referência e indica o próximo passo; candidaturas, pagamentos, alocações de computação e registros só abrem quando existem a equipa, os termos e a capacidade de revisão.