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GCRI · التقنيات الكمية

الابتكار الكمومي المسؤول

Quantum technologies raise questions of security, equity, dual use and honesty about what they can do. Export controls restrict trade in some quantum items, a few countries and firms hold most capability, and inflated claims can misdirect public money. This page sets out the governance questions quantum innovation raises, how they are being addressed, and what evidence serves the governments, funders and researchers shaping it.

01لوحة العرض

كيف يسير العمل.

النظم · حول هذا الموضوعتوضيحي

متتبع الانتقال إلى ما بعد الكم

Responsible quantum innovation · Crypto inventory · Wave 4

بيانات طويلة العمر معرّضة للخطرGCRI · التقنيات الكمية

الانتقال

  1. الجردكل التشفير
  2. تحديد الأولوياتعمر البيانات
  3. اختيارالخوارزميات القياسية
  4. نشر هجينالكلاسيكي وPQC
  5. الاختبارقابلية التشغيل البيني
  6. التحويلإيقاف التشغيل

النظم بحسب الأولوية

توقيع الأرشيفRSA-204818هجين ⁨ML-DSA⁩تجريب
بوابة ⁨VPN⁩ECDH10هجين ⁨ML-KEM⁩مخطَّط
وحدة ⁨HSM⁩ للمدفوعاتRSA-30729خريطة طريق الموردمعطّل
Web TLSECDHE2تبادل المفاتيح الهجينتم

التقدم

المجرود، %72 of 100 requiredالهجين المنشور، %23 of 50 requiredالمتقاعد، %13 of 25 required
Post-quantum migration tracker: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Responsible quantum innovation.أسماء مثالية وقيم توضيحية؛ تصميم وليس سجلًا ولا نظامًا حيًا.

الشكلPost-quantum migration tracker: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.

02السؤال

Responsible quantum innovation: how the risk develops.

Dual-use, equity and uncertainty. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

الآلية

Dual use is built in

Quantum computing threatens current cryptography and quantum sensing has military uses, so the same research serves civilian and security ends.

الآلية

Export controls restrict diffusion

Several countries control exports of specified quantum computers, components and software, affecting collaboration and markets.

الآلية

Capability is concentrated

Most investment, patents and expertise sit in a few countries and firms, raising concerns about an emerging quantum divide.

الآلية

Hype misleads decisions

Overstated claims of near-term advantage can distort funding, procurement and security planning. Claims discipline is part of responsible innovation.

03الأساليب والأدلة

How responsible quantum innovation is modelled, measured and tested.

النموذج وافتراضاته وبياناته وعدم اليقين فيه، بالصورة التي يفحصها بها عالم أو مهندس. وتتبع البنى أساليب منشورة. والقيم المرسومة توضيحية، وليست نتائج.

نموذج النظام

The couplings between the systems in responsible quantum innovation: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+التكنولوجيا الكميةالفضاء السيبرانيالمجتمعاتالاقتصاد⁨R⁩ معزِّزة⁨B⁩ موازِنة
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
مبادئ FAIR التوجيهية · GO FAIR وFORCE11⁨W3C PROV⁩ · اتحاد الشبكة العالميةإرشادات بشأن المعالجة المتسقة لأوجه عدم اليقين · الهيئة الحكومية الدولية المعنية بتغير المناخبيانات CEOS الجاهزة للتحليل · لجنة سواتل رصد الأرض
04عبر المجالات

Responsible quantum innovation anticipates effects across domains.

05المؤشرات الفرعية

ما الذي يُقاس، ومدى جودة قياسه.

يحمل كل مؤشر وحدته ووتيرته ونوع المصدر الذي يستند إليه ووسم الأدلة الذي ستحمله القيمة. ولا تُعرض أي قيم: فالبرنامج يقدّمها بموجب سلطته الخاصة.

المؤشرالوحدةوتيرة الإصدارنوع المصدرالوسم
Countries with national quantum strategiesالعددسنويGovernment strategy documentsالإحصاءات المنشورة
Export control measures on quantum itemsالعددلكل تغييرGovernment noticesالإحصاءات المنشورة
Share of quantum patents by countrypercentسنويPatent databasesمرصود
International research collaborations in quantumcount of co-authored papers by country pairسنويBibliometric dataمرصود
Responsible innovation frameworks adoptedالعددلكل تقييمProgramme documentationمُعلَن
Public engagement activities on quantumالعددسنويProgramme reportsمُبلَّغ عنه
06المصادر

من أين تأتي الأدلة.

مجموعات بيانات عامة مسمّاة وسجلات مؤسسية، لكلٍّ منها فئة ترخيصها. ولا تُستخدم المصادر المتاحة بموجب اتفاق إلا وفق شروطها، ولا يُعاد نشرها أبدًا.

المصدرما يقدّمهفئة الترخيص
Government export control lists and noticesControls on quantum itemsPublic records, licence per government
OECD and UNESCO work on quantum and societyPolicy and ethics perspectivesPublic, terms per organisation
NIST post-quantum cryptography standards (FIPS 203, 204 and 205)Approved algorithms for migrating cryptography before quantum attacksUS government work, public domain
Bibliometric databases such as OpenAlexCollaboration and publication patternsمفتوح، CC0
Patent databasesGeographic distribution of patentingFree access, terms per office
07القرارات

من يقرر، وما الذي تخدمه الأدلة.

Quantum Technologies prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

من يقررالسؤالالأدلة التي تخدمها هذه الصفحة
الحكوماتHow to balance security controls with open science and collaborationGovernance reviews; export control evidence
ممولو البحوثHow to assess quantum claims and fund responsiblyClaims assessment guides
International organisationsHow to support access for countries with little capabilityConcentration analyses

المخرجات التي يُنتجها هذا الموضوع

  • Governance landscape reviews for quantum
  • Analyses of capability concentration
  • Claims assessment guides for funders and buyers
  • Evidence notes on export control effects on research
08الأسئلة الجوهرية

ما يسأل عنه الخبراء.

Responsible innovation questions are asked before capabilities arrive.

  • Which quantum capabilities have military or surveillance uses, and how should research and trade be governed?
  • Who will have access to quantum technology and its benefits, and who could be left exposed?
  • How should uncertain timelines be communicated without hype or complacency?
  • How can countries without quantum industries protect their النظم during the cryptographic transition?
  • What environmental and resource costs do quantum systems carry?
09الآليات

الآليات والمحرّكات.

Dual use is intrinsic: the same computers, sensors and communication النظم serve civilian and security purposes, and the cryptographic threat has obvious intelligence value. Governments respond with export controls and research security measures, which can also slow open science and international collaboration.

Equity risks arise because capability is concentrated. Countries and organisations with fewer resources may be last to migrate their cryptography and least able to benefit from applications. Hype is itself a risk: inflated expectations misdirect resources and erode trust when they are not met, while dismissiveness can delay necessary security work. Responsible practice therefore pairs every claim with its evidence base and its uncertainty, and invites independent specialists to test it.

10المناهج والبيانات

كيف يُدرس، وأين تتوقف المناهج.

المنهج أو البياناتما يُظهرهالحدود
Technology assessment and foresightPlausible developments and their implicationsForesight is not prediction
Ethical, legal and social analysisRights, fairness and accountability questionsNormative judgements differ across societies
Stakeholder and public engagementConcerns and values of those affectedEngagement can be shallow or unrepresentative
Life-cycle assessmentEnergy and material footprintData on emerging النظم is limited
12Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

الهيئات والوثائق التي تُقرأ هذه الصفحة في ضوئها. وتتغير الحالات والإصدارات؛ ويقود كل رابط إلى الهيئة المُصدِرة.

13أسئلة

أسئلة وأجوبة.

Why is quantum technology dual use?
Because the same advances that enable useful computing and sensing could break current cryptography or support military applications.
What is the quantum divide?
Concern that a few countries and firms will hold most quantum capability and benefits, widening gaps with others.
How can quantum claims be assessed?
By checking whether results are peer-reviewed, compared with the best classical methods, reproduced independently and stated with their limits.
Why is hype a risk?
Because overstated claims redirect funding and policy and damage trust when they fail. Clear separation of demonstrated results from expectation is part of responsible innovation.
Should quantum research be restricted?
That is for governments and institutions to decide. The platform publishes evidence on the trade-offs between security, openness and collaboration.
How can less-resourced countries prepare?
Mainly through the cryptographic transition: inventory, migration planning and adoption of standardised post-quantum algorithms, which do not require quantum hardware.
التقاريرساهم

ساهم بأدلة من هذه الصفحة.

التقارير is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

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