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GCRI · Commercio e risorse strategiche

Ottimizzazione per commercio e approvvigionamento

Optimisation and operations research decide how to route, stock and diversify supply under cost and risk. In this field they design rerouting, size strategic stocks and choose sourcing portfolios that hold up across disruption scenarios.

01Registrare

Optimisation for trade and supply on the record.

Registro del metodoMetodo STEM
  1. MetodoOttimizzazione e ricerca operativa
  2. Applicato inCommercio e risorse strategiche
  3. Pagina canonicaBeni comuni STEM
02Domanda di adesione

What optimisation and operations research does here.

Optimisation and operations research develop mathematical methods for allocating resources and making decisions under constraints. They support planning and logistics in complex, interconnected sistemi. In trade, resources and supply chains and industry and robotics, optimisation supports prepositioning of supplies, network investment and recovery sequencing. Robust formulations help choose options that perform acceptably across many scenarios. The canonical description is on gli STEM Commons.

Rerouting under chokepoint closure

Shipping network models find least-cost alternative routes when a chokepoint closes, and estimate added distance, time and capacity needed at alternative ports.

Strategic stock sizing

Stock levels for essential inputs are set by comparing holding costs with expected carenza costs across disruption scenarios.

Sourcing portfolio design

Supplier mixes are optimised for cost and resilience, showing how much diversification reduces exposure for a given price premium.

03Simulatore

Uno shock attraverso un'economia input-output.

A loss of output in one sector propagates through the technical coefficients to its suppliers and customers, and recovers at the rate you set; the coefficients are teaching values, not national accounts. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction.

Comandi

Settore colpito per primo (posizione nell'elenco)
0
Entità dello shock
30% della sua produzione
Durata dello shock
30 days
Tasso di recupero
0.08 al giorno
Giorni simulati
180 days

Letture

Produzione perduta nel periodo
0.61% of a year’s output
Totale su diretto (moltiplicatore)
1.62 times
Altro settore più colpito
Servizi
Il suo picco di inoperabilità
3.9%
Numeri, metodi e fonti
SettoreInoperabilità massima (%)Peso della produzione (%)
Agricoltura30.8514.6
Energia2.8316.5
Manifattura0.5019.5
Trasporti e porti0.3412.0
Commercio0.2319.8
Servizi3.9117.6

Metodi

  1. Analisi input-output Leontief (1936); Miller and Blair (2009), Input-Output Analysis, Cambridge University Press
  2. Modello input-output di inoperabilità Haimes and Jiang (2001), Journal of Infrastructure Systems 7
  3. Inoperabilità dinamica e ripresa Lian and Haimes (2006), Systems Engineering 9
  4. Ventaglio di incertezza (Monte Carlo sui parametri) Spiegelhalter, Pearson e Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
  5. Sensibilità un fattore alla volta (tornado) Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley

Dati

The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:

  • Porti marittimi Natural Earth
  • Strozzature marittime Nexus (stretti e canali nominati alle loro coordinate pubblicate)
  • Ferrovie Natural Earth
  • Strade principali Natural Earth
Uno shock attraverso un'economia input-output. Modello didattico illustrativo: funziona con i valori impostati dai controlli, non con dati misurati. Metodi: analisi input-output (Leontief (1936); Miller e Blair (2009), Input-Output Analysis, Cambridge University Press); modello input-output dell'inoperabilità (Haimes e Jiang (2001), Journal of Infrastructure Systems 7); inoperabilità dinamica e ripresa (Lian e Haimes (2006), Systems Engineering 9).
04Dati

Cosa utilizza il metodo.

Datasets and records used by optimisation and operations research on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in registro delle fonti.

DatiRuoloEtichetta
Shipping routes and port capacitiesNetwork constraintsSTIMATO
Disruption scenariosIncertezzaMODELLATO
Input costs and demandObiettiviOSSERVATO
05Metodi ed evidenze

How optimisation for trade and supply is modelled, measured and tested.

Il modello, le sue ipotesi, i suoi dati e la sua incertezza, nella forma in cui uno scienziato o un ingegnere li verificherebbe. Le strutture seguono metodi pubblicati. I valori rappresentati sono illustrativi, non risultati.

Modello di sistema

The couplings between the systems in optimisation for trade and supply: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+CommercioIndustriaComunitàEconomiaR di rinforzoB bilanciamento
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
Principi guida FAIR · GO FAIR e FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumGuidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Comitato sui satelliti per l'osservazione della Terra
06Validazione

Come vengono verificati i risultati.

Solutions are checked for feasibility, tested through simulation and compared with historical decisions. Analisi di sensibilità examines how results change with parameters.

VerificaCome si fa
Out-of-sample scenariosSolutions are tested on scenarios not used to choose them
Operator reviewRoute and capacity constraints are checked with logistics operators
Trade-off reportingCost and resilience trade-offs are shown as a frontier

Optimal solutions can be fragile when assumptions are wrong. Objectives may omit values that are hard to quantify.

08Custodia

Chi mantiene il metodo.

Scienza dei sistemi e modellazione stewards optimisation and operations research for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.

10Domande

Domande e risposte.

What are the limits of optimisation and operations research in this field?
Optimal solutions can be fragile when assumptions are wrong. Objectives may omit values that are hard to quantify.
Come vengono verificati i risultati?
Solutions are checked for feasibility, tested through simulation and compared with historical decisions. Sensitivity analysis examines how results change with parameters.
I valori di questa pagina sono reali?
The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method’s use, not a run; no result is reported here.
Dove altro viene applicato questo metodo?
Il pagina canonica del metodo elenca ogni piattaforma che lo applica.
RapportiContribuisci

Contribuisci con evidenze da questa pagina.

Rapporti is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRICommercio e risorse strategicheSistemi strategiciScenari e stress test
Commercio e risorse strategiche

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