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GCRINexus ReportsEstablished
Research and evidence

Nexus Reports

Versioned research and public knowledge spanning global, national, sector, technology and annual programme findings. Nexus Reports is an established platform published by The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation.

STEM methods
3
Canonical methods this field applies
Topics
8
Subject pages in the field
Counterparts
1
Platforms in shared fields at GCRI, GRF and GRA
Report series
17
Nexus Reports series it contributes to
01In brief

Nexus Reports in brief.

Systemic risk reports are publications that synthesise evidence across disciplines on risks that no single field owns. Nexus Reports, designed as one governed publication programme, sets out how such reports are reviewed, how evidence is synthesised, how uncertainty is stated, how sources are traced and how errors are corrected, series by series.

Who it serves

Its community

Researchers; editors; policy professionals; librarians; public readers.

How it works

Its methods

Peer and technical review policies; publication provenance; source quality.

What it produces

Its outputs

Report series catalogues; accessible research; figures, sources and corrections.

02Console

Series production desk, in outline.

The working screen behind this platform: its structure, terms and states. Names are placeholders and values illustrative.

Series production desk

Annual synthesis · Edition 8

Data check behind planGCRI · Nexus Reports

Editions in production

Annual synthesisGlobalData check89W27
Country profile 7CountryPeer review99W24
Water outlookSectoralDrafting38W31
Methods note 4MethodsReleased100done

Data check, annual synthesis

Values traced72 pct · req 100Labels attached92 pct · req 100Uncertainty stated77 pct · req 100

Edition pipeline

  1. Outlineboard
  2. Draftauthors
  3. Data checkevery value
  4. Peer reviewtwo rounds
  5. Editorialdecision
  6. ReleaseDOI
  7. Correctionsversioned
Series production desk: the screen's structure, terms and states for Annual synthesis.Placeholder names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.
03Geography

Hazards and exposure in World.

For nexus reports, in GCRI's spatial-intelligence reading, the map opens on true-colour imagery, land cover and population density with true colour from NASA GIBS, framed on World; every other NASA layer, live feed and forecast waits in the layer list.

The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.

Layers 3

Hazards and exposure, for this page

Latest available

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth

Loading the latest NASA imagery.

Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.

For nexus reports, in GCRI's spatial-intelligence reading, the map opens on true-colour imagery, land cover and population density with true colour from NASA GIBS, framed on World; every other NASA layer, live feed and forecast waits in the layer list.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date; indicators, not assessments of any place; claim ceiling INTEGRATED.

Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · GDACS · Copernicus Sentinel-2 L2A · NASA HLS S30Sources and licences

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). CC BY 4.0
  • VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
  • © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
  • Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
  • Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
  • Live: GDACS (EC JRC / UN OCHA) Events are indicative, not official warnings.
  • Observed (EO): Copernicus Sentinel-2 L2A (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026), Microsoft Planetary Computer
  • Observed (EO): NASA HLS S30 (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • Optional layers (35 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.

Layers and dates

  • True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
  • Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC · 2024
  • Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
  • Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
  • Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Oct 2026
  • Enhanced vegetation index, rolling 8 days: MODIS Terra EVI, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026

05The problem

Risk evidence is only useful if people can trust and reuse it.

Decisions about systemic risk often rest on reports that are hard to check: sources are unnamed, models are opaque, uncertainty is hidden and errors are quietly fixed or never fixed.

Systemic risks cross disciplines and borders. A study of food import dependence draws on agronomy, trade statistics, shipping data and household surveys; a cyber resilience scenario draws on network engineering, incident records and expert judgement. When such work is published without its provenance, readers cannot tell an observation from an estimate, a model output from a forecast, or an official figure from an institution's own claim. Mistakes then travel from one report to the next, and confidence is either misplaced or lost.

Publication itself can create risk. A ranking can be read as a verdict, a scenario as a prediction, and a sponsored study as independent research. Good publication practice addresses this through labelled evidence, separated roles, disclosed interests and permanent version records. Those practices are the core of Nexus Reports.

The programme also responds to a practical gap. Institutions in many countries lack access to well-documented evidence about their own systems, while global studies often reach them without the national context needed to act. A governed programme that links global, regional, national and sector analysis under the same rules lets each level build on the others.

06What the programme does

One programme, seventeen series, one set of rules.

Nexus Reports publishes quarterly country editions, an annual flagship and specialist series, organized into 17 report series. Editions are listed on each series page as they are released; no edition is shown before release.

Review

Three kinds of review

Peer review tests reasoning and conclusions; technical review checks and, where relied upon, reproduces data, code and models; editorial review checks clarity, sourcing and disclosures.

Evidence

Labelled claims

Each claim carries an evidence label: Observed, Officially reported, Institution-reported, Estimated, Modelled, Forecast, Scenario, Expert judgement and Unknown. Where sources disagree, the disagreement is shown.

Versions

Permanent records

Each edition has a permanent identifier and version. Corrections create a new version and are listed at corrections.

The programme is designed around a predictable rhythm. Quarterly country editions track change in national systems and portfolios; an annual flagship, which may be the fourth-quarter edition, brings the year's evidence together; and specialist series publish when their evidence is ready rather than to a fixed calendar. Every edition, whatever its series, includes an accessible HTML version, a methods page, a source and rights register, reusable figures with metadata, review and funding disclosures and a correction history. Readers can therefore move from a headline finding to the evidence behind it, and from there to the source data where rights permit.

07Foundation and counterparts

Methods held in common, dialogue across the Consortium.

The programme applies probability and statistics, uncertainty quantification and model validation and data engineering, interoperability and stewardship, listed on the STEM foundation of Nexus Reports. It draws on the Nexus Foundry systems GRIx for governed risk data, Portals for public-safe publication and Institutional Rails for durable records.

Every specialist platform of the Consortium contributes to one or more series. At The Global Risks Forum (GRF), Research Nexus convenes research leaders and institutions around shared research agendas; the Finance and Insurance Readiness series is prepared with The Global Risks Alliance (GRA), which takes up finance-readiness questions without advising on or arranging any transaction. See counterparts across the Consortium.

08Coverage

The areas of research and evidence this platform takes on.

Nexus Reports covers how research on systemic risk becomes public knowledge: how reports are reviewed, how evidence from many disciplines is synthesised, how uncertainty is stated, how sources are traced and how errors are corrected. Its pages describe each report series, the review and provenance practice behind it, the measures of review, access and correction that apply, and the decisions the series is written to inform, with the limits of each kind of evidence stated.

Area

Peer and technical review

Single, double and open review, technical and statistical review, government and stakeholder review, and how reviewer comments are recorded and answered.

Area

Evidence synthesis and assessment

Systematic reviews, meta-analysis and assessment reports that weigh a body of literature rather than a single study.

Area

Uncertainty and calibrated language

Confidence, likelihood and certainty of evidence stated in agreed terms so that readers in different fields read a statement the same way.

Area

Provenance and versioning

Persistent identifiers, version histories, data and code availability, and the chain from a figure back to its sources.

Area

Open access and licensing

Access routes, licences, embargoes, archiving and the rights that decide who can read, reuse and translate a report.

Area

Corrections and research integrity

Errata, expressions of concern, retractions, competing interests and the handling of misconduct allegations under recognised guidelines.

Area

Accessible public reading

Plain-language summaries, accessible formats, translation and the separation of findings from interpretation for non-specialist readers.

Area

Research assessment and use

How reports are cited, used in policy and assessed, and why journal-level metrics are a poor proxy for the quality of a single output.

09Key terms

Terms used on this page.

Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.

TermDefinition
Evidence synthesisThe structured collection, appraisal and combination of evidence from many studies to answer a question.
Calibrated languageFixed terms for confidence and likelihood tied to stated meanings, as in the IPCC guidance note on uncertainties.
Peer reviewEvaluation of a work by independent experts in the field before publication.
Living reportA report updated in versions as evidence changes, with each version kept and dated.
10Grounding

Built on named science, technology, engineering and mathematics.

Every claim on Nexus Reports rests on methods with a canonical page in the STEM Commons, so readers can see what a finding depends on and where its limits lie.

Probability and statisticsUncertainty quantification and model validationData engineering, interoperability and stewardship

See the STEM foundation of Nexus Reports

11Cycle

How work moves in this field.

A question becomes evidence, a governed build, an organized community, a controlled test, a reviewed publication and, finally, a decision taken by the competent authority under its own rules.

  1. QuestionNational, regional or institutional priorityQuestion in Nexus Reports
  2. EvidenceSTEM foundation of the platformEvidence in Nexus Reports
  3. BuildNexus FoundryBuild in Nexus Reports
  4. OrganizeNexus EcosystemOrganize in Nexus Reports
  5. TestNexus Universe (independent site)Test in Nexus Reports
  6. PublishNexus ReportsPublish in Nexus Reports
  7. DecideCompetent authorities and institutions, through Nexus RailsDecide in Nexus Reports
  8. RenewCorrections and the next annual agendaRenew in Nexus Reports
12Canvas

The Nexus cycle on this platform.

Canvas · the Nexus cycle on this platformDesign, not a record
Nexus Reports: an edition from outline to correctionAn outline is agreed; chapters are drafted; every value is traced in the data check; peer reviewers with declared conflicts review; the editor decides; the edition is released with an identifier and corrected only by new versions. Design of the process, not a record of a run.

Fig.The Nexus cycle on this platform, from question to renewal. Design, not a record of a run.

13Frameworks

What the work is read against.

The platform does not set standards. It reads its evidence against the frameworks that competent bodies have adopted, so a finding can be placed where a decision-maker already works.

Framework or standardBodyWhat it sets
COPE core practices and flowchartsCommittee on Publication EthicsExpected editorial practice on authorship, competing interests, peer review, data, misconduct allegations, corrections and retractions
Guidance note on consistent treatment of uncertaintiesIntergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeCalibrated language for confidence and likelihood so that assessment statements carry their evidence and agreement
GRADE approachGRADE Working GroupRating the certainty of a body of evidence and moving from evidence to recommendations
PRISMA statement and extensionsPRISMA ExecutiveReporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, including the flow of records through screening
CRediT contributor roles taxonomy (ANSI/NISO Z39.104)NISOStandard roles for describing each contributor's part in a research output
San Francisco Declaration on Research AssessmentDORAAssessing research on its own merits rather than on journal-based metrics
Plan S principles and funder open access policiescOAlition S and individual fundersImmediate open access, licence and rights retention requirements for funded research
Creative Commons licencesCreative CommonsStandard public licences that set reuse, attribution, adaptation and commercial terms
ISO 3297 (ISSN) and ISO 8 presentation of periodicalsISO and the ISSN International CentreIdentification of serial publications and the consistent presentation of series, volumes and issues
JATS, Journal Article Tag Suite (ANSI/NISO Z39.96)NISOXML structure for articles and reports so that text, figures, references and metadata can be archived and exchanged
14Consortium

The same field, seen three ways.

GCRI studies a field as science, GRF governs it and GRA builds shared financial understanding of it. Nexus Reports links to its counterparts so that work on one side is visible on the others.

16Connected

Where this page leads across the Consortium.

17Questions

Questions and answers.

Who publishes Nexus Reports?
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) publishes Nexus Reports and is responsible for what it publishes. GCRI is a research, development and policy institution. It is not a regulator, and it does not certify, license or approve; its findings carry their methods and uncertainty.
Is Nexus Reports active?
Nexus Reports is an established platform published by The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation. The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.
How can I contribute?
Start with the participation paths or write to contact@therisk.global. An enquiry receives a reference; it does not create membership, a role or an assignment.
Where are findings published?
Reviewed outputs appear on the publications page, and contributions to the Nexus Reports series are listed on Publish in Nexus Reports.
Which values on this platform are real?
Indicator names, units, sources, methods and frameworks are real. Levels in figures and canvases are placeholders in a design. A programme replaces them with labelled evidence it owns.
How do I report an error?
Use corrections and concerns, or write to integrity@therisk.global. A correction is recorded as a new version, never a silent edit.
Is Nexus Reports a ranking or index publisher?
No. No series is a marketing channel or a ranking, and reports do not use third-party risk index names. Nexus indicators use GRIx-native names and units.
Are national reports official government publications?
Only if the competent authority authorizes that in writing, and the edition then says so on its first page. See national series.
Nexus Reports

Bring your expertise to this field.

The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.

Have questions?