Draft, not yet released. In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.

Data appendix

The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.

8 min read0 figures7 tables22 notesNR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE

Contents
  1. ·Edition home
  2. ·Executive summary
  3. 1Turkiye’s risk is seismic, climatic and import-dependent at once
  4. 2Key findings
  5. 3Systems and sectors at baseline
  6. 4Risks and capability
  7. 5A drought year across water, hydropower, wheat and budgets
  8. 6Readings from the other desks
  9. 7The 2027 agenda
  10. 8Systems in depth
  11. AMethodology
  12. BData appendix
    1. B.1 The indicator set
    2. B.2 National source register
    3. B.3 Regional reading, Turkiye by region
    4. B.4 Atlas card, Konya Plain
    5. B.5 Turkiye system card
    6. B.6 Licences
    7. B.7 Formats and provenance
  13. CReferences and record
  14. ·Complete edition, for print

B.1The indicator set

Table B.1Baseline indicator set
IndicatorValueUnitYearStateSource
GHG emissions, total584.5Mt CO₂e2024Reported2
GHG emissions per person6.8t CO₂e2024Reported2
Energy-sector emissions419.9Mt CO₂e2024Reported2
2035 limit including land use643Mt CO₂etargetReported3
Installed power capacity122,519MWend 2025Reported17
Renewables in installed capacity62.3%end 2025Reported17
Coal in electricity generation34%2025Reported14
Wind and solar in generation≈22%2025Reported14
Primary energy imported≈67%2024Reported15
Energy import bill62.5USD billion2025Reported16
Mean temperature15.1°C2025Reported8
Areal precipitation414.9mm2025Reported8
Wheat harvest≈17.9Mt2025Reported20
Population86,092,168people31 Dec 2025Reported1
Aged 65 or over9,583,059people2025Reported25
Earthquake deaths, 6 February 2023≈53,500deaths2023Reported9
Recovery and reconstruction need≈103.6USD billion2023Reported11
Forest burned81,473ha2025Reported24
Residential units with earthquake cover≈58%2026Reported29
Net emissions with land use, latest yearNot boundMt CO₂en/aNOT BOUNDTurkStat2
Heat deaths, national season totalNot bounddeathsn/aNOT BOUNDMinistry of Health
Share of land under protectionNot bound%n/aNOT BOUNDMinistry of Agriculture27
National reservoir storageNot bound%n/aNOT BOUNDState Hydraulic Works
Indicators, CSVIndicators, JSON

B.2National source register

The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.

Domains bound by the register

  • WAT
  • ENE
  • FOO
  • HLT
  • BIO
  • CLI
  • INF
  • FIN
  • TRD
  • MIN
Table B.3National source register
SourceCategoryCoveragePeriodCadenceRole
GHG inventory 1990–20242national statisticsnational1990–2024annualCLI · ENE
Climate assessment8national technical authoritynational2025annualCLI
Earthquake assessments1011World Bank · governmentregional2023per eventSEI
Earthquake reporting12national disaster agencynational2025per eventSEI
Electricity review14independent analystnational2025annualENE
Primary energy mix15ministrynational2024annualENE
Crop monitoring1920FAO · national statisticsnational2025–2026annualFOO
Water and reservoir data2122agency · utility, via pressnational · city2024–2025periodicWAT
Population results125national statisticsnational2025annualprofile
Insurance pool data29insurance pool, via pressnational2026periodicFIN
Climate contribution343government · trade pressnational2025periodicCLI

B.3Regional reading, Turkiye by region

Map plates for every province follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form.

Selected population figures

11provinces

affected by the 2023 earthquakes10

14.01million

people in those provinces10

93.6%

living in province and district centres1

1.52million

foreign residents1

Table B.4Regional reading, Turkiye by region
RegionPrincipal hazardsSystems most exposedBaseline evidence
Marmaraearthquakes near Istanbul; heat; droughtfinance, industry, water supplyMarmara earthquake 202512
Aegeanwildfire; drought; earthquakesagriculture, tourismfire season 202524
Mediterraneanwildfire; heat; droughtagriculture, tourismfire season 202524
Central Anatoliadrought; groundwater depletion; sinkholescereals, waterKonya Plain23
Black Seaflood and landslide exposure; not boundforest, hazelnut, teanot bound
Eastern and Southeastern Anatoliaearthquakes; extreme heatcereals, energy, hosting populationearthquakes 20239 · 50.5 °C record 20258

B.4Atlas card, Konya Plain

  • plain
  • cereal basin
  • groundwater
  • drought
Systems in view
water, food, land and energy for irrigation
Defining events
about 684 sinkholes counted; falling groundwater23
Couplings
CLI → WAT → FOO; WAT → INF
Capability evidence
not bound
Gaps
well licensing and abstraction data; crop-water use
Agenda items
A-01 · A-03

An expert quoted in press reports gives falls of 4 to 5 metres a year, against half a metre a year in the 2000s. This is an expert estimate, not a monitoring series.

WATER

Groundwater falling

The national wheat harvest fell 13.7% in 2025 [20]. The Konya share is not bound in this edition.

FOOD

A drought-hit harvest

About 684 sinkholes were counted across the plain in an assessment reported in December 2025 [23].

LAND

Sinkholes on farmland

B.5Turkiye system card

The card through which Turkiye appears in the Eurasia regional edition and the global series. It summarises; it does not rank.

Table B.5Turkiye system card
SystemBaseline stateCoupling to watchCoverage
Waterabout 1,308 m³ per persondrought and groundwater stressPARTIAL
Energyrenewables 62.3% of capacityimport disruptionGOOD
Foodwheat down 13.7% in 2025short harvest and import pricesPARTIAL
Healthyounger population; heat data not boundheat and care loadTHIN
Biodiversityfire and land-use pressurefire and dryingPARTIAL

Context

Archetype
large economy with a young population, high seismic exposure and a drying Mediterranean climate (Nexus reading)
Population
86.09 million (2025)1
Trade
imports about 67% of primary energy15
Hazard
about 53,500 deaths in the 2023 earthquakes9

Turkiye’s card sits beside its neighbours’; shared basins, grids, corridors and supply chains are read as one regional system.

EURASIA REGIONAL EDITION

One regional system

Turkish evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers, so a correction travels everywhere at once.

GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES

Same findings, same IDs

In the global edition Turkiye is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.

GLOBAL FLAGSHIP

Peers, not ranks

B.6Licences

Table B.6Licences of each kind of material
MaterialLicence
TextCC BY 4.0
Dataon the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0
FiguresNexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited
Mapsboundary source and licence printed on each plate
MetadataCC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it
Third-party data, figures and textThe source’s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed
Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.

B.7Formats and provenance

Table B.7This edition in every format
FormatKindStateWhat it isIdentifier
Web editionHTMLOn this siteDraft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Print editionPDFAt releaseA4 portrait · screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Indicator dataCSV · JSONOn this site23 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE data release v1
FiguresSVG · PNGOn this site4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.FIG-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-*
SlidesPDFNot recordedNo slide deck is recorded for this edition.
Evidence briefHTML · PDFNot recordedNo evidence brief is recorded for this edition.
Dataset with DOIDataCiteAt releaseConcept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.

Provenance

Edition pack
The edition’s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built
Evidence cut
NQ-TUR-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026
Reproducibility
sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters
Self-check
14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release
Review
five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)
Publisher of record
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium
Corrections
Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version

Notes

Numbers are the edition’s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. Annex C, references

  1. 2Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statistics, 1990–2024. TurkStat, Ankara, 27 March 2026. Observation year 2024.back
  2. 3Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change (ed.), “Türkiye submits its second Nationally Determined Contribution to the United Nations.” Ankara, November 2025. Observation year 2035 target.back
  3. 17Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ed.), installed power capacity at the end of 2025, as reported by SolarQuarter citing SHURA. Ankara, 22 January 2026. Observation year 2025.back
  4. 14Ember (ed.), Türkiye Electricity Review 2026. Ember, London, 2026. Observation year 2025.back
  5. 15Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ed.), Primary Energy Mix of Türkiye 2024, presentation at the IENE conference. Ankara and Athens, 19 March 2026. Observation year 2024.back
  6. 16SHURA Energy Transition Center (ed.), Türkiye Energy Transition Outlook 2025. SHURA, Istanbul, 2026. Observation year 2025.back
  7. 8Turkish State Meteorological Service (ed.), 2025 Climate Assessment of Türkiye (in Turkish). MGM, Ankara, 2026. Observation year 2025.back
  8. 20Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Crop Production Statistics 2025, as reported by eFeedLink. Ankara, 30 December 2025. Observation year 2025.back
  9. 1Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Address Based Population Registration System Results 2025. TurkStat, Ankara, 9 February 2026. Observation year 2025.back
  10. 25Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Elderly Statistics 2025. TurkStat, Ankara, March 2026. Observation year 2025.back
  11. 9Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (ed.), Report on the first year after the 6 February 2023 earthquakes, citing official figures. TMMOB, Ankara, 2024. Observation year 2023.back
  12. 11Presidency of the Republic of Türkiye, Strategy and Budget Office (ed.), Türkiye Earthquakes Recovery and Reconstruction Assessment (TERRA). Ankara, March 2023, with UNDP, World Bank and EU support. Observation year 2023.back
  13. 24General Directorate of Forestry (OGM), 2025 forest-fire statistics, as reported by Turkish Minute. Ankara, 11 March 2026. Observation year 2025.back
  14. 29Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool (DASK), compulsory earthquake insurance coverage, as reported by Daily Sabah. Ankara and Istanbul, August 2026. Observation year 2026.back
  15. 27Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks (ed.), Nature Conservation Status Report 2023. Ankara, 2023. Observation year 2023.back
  16. 10World Bank and GFDRR (eds.), Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) Report: February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes, Türkiye Report. World Bank, Washington DC, February 2023. Observation year 2023.back
  17. 12Al Jazeera (ed.), “Magnitude 6.2 earthquake jolts Türkiye’s Istanbul,” reporting AFAD data. Doha, 23 April 2025. Observation year 2025.back
  18. 19Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Türkiye. FAO, Rome, reference date 7 September 2026. Observation years 2025–2026.back
  19. 21State Hydraulic Works (DSİ), per-person annual water availability 2000 and 2024, as reported by Anadolu Agency and Milliyet. Ankara, 2025. Observation year 2024.back
  20. 22Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (İSKİ), reservoir occupancy of 17 October 2025, as reported by TRT Haber. Istanbul, October 2025. Observation date 17 October 2025.back
  21. 43Enerdata (ed.), “Türkiye’s NDC aims to cut GHG emissions by 466 MtCO₂eq by 2035, to 643 MtCO₂eq.” Enerdata, Grenoble, November 2025. Observation year 2035 target.back
  22. 23Reuters, “Sinkholes in Turkey’s agricultural heartland fuel farmers’ concerns,” with AFAD assessment of 684 sinkholes, as published by Al-Monitor and The Star. 23 December 2025. Observation year 2025.back

Cite this annex

Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Annex B: Data appendix. In Turkiye Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: The State of Turkiye’s Interdependent Systems (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI).

Every citation form of the whole report, BibTeX and RIS included, is on the edition home. Cite this report

ReportsContribute

Send evidence or a correction on Turkiye.

Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI Systems Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.

GCRI Systems Evidence deskCountry Systems Risk and Resilience

Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.

CC BY 4.0 Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.

The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation

Science · evidence · measurement

Not for profit

Our articles, maps and twins are free to read and free to republish. Readers and partners keep it that way.

Partner with us

Who funds us

GCRI is a not-for-profit institution. To ask who funds a piece of work, use the funding questions form.

Independence

Editors and the expert reviewers named on each article decide what we publish. Funders and partners do not review or approve articles before publication.

Corrections policy

Licence

Articles: CC BY 4.0. Figures, maps, twins and data: CC BY 4.0. Other uses: ask through the permissions form.

Privacy choices