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GCRI · Tecnologias quânticas

Força de trabalho quântica

Quantum technology needs people who combine physics with engineering, software, cryogenics, photonics and business skills. Demand is growing faster than training programmes, and talent concentrates in a few countries and firms. This page sets out how the quantum workforce is formed, where gaps lie, how skills are measured, and what evidence serves universities, employers and governments building it.

01Registrar

Quantum workforce on the record.

02A pergunta

Quantum workforce: how the risk develops.

Research capacity and scarce skills. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mecanismo

Training is concentrated

Most quantum specialists train in a few research universities. Countries without such programmes rely on recruiting from abroad.

Mecanismo

Roles go beyond physics

Building quantum sistemas needs engineers, technicians, software developers and product staff, not only physicists, and these roles are often overlooked.

Mecanismo

Talent is mobile and contested

Researchers move between countries and between academia and industry, and immigration and security rules affect where they can work.

Mecanismo

Diversity is limited

The field draws from disciplines with low representation of women and some groups, which narrows the talent pool.

03Monitoramento

Acompanhamento da migração pós-quântica.

A tela que uma equipe usaria para acompanhar esta matéria: suas medidas, estados e decisões. Os nomes são exemplos e os valores são ilustrativos.

Acompanhamento da migração pós-quântica

Quantum workforce · Crypto inventory · Wave 2

Dados de longa duração em riscoGCRI · Tecnologias quânticas

Migração

  1. Inventáriotoda a criptografia
  2. Priorizarvida útil dos dados
  3. Selecionaralgoritmos padrão
  4. Implantação híbridaclássica e PQC
  5. Testarinteroperabilidade
  6. Migrardesativar

Sistemas por prioridade

Assinatura de arquivosRSA-204829ML-DSA híbridoEm piloto
Gateway VPNECDH8ML-KEM híbridoPlanejado
HSM de pagamentosRSA-30727Roteiro do fornecedorBloqueado
TLS webECDHE3Troca de chaves híbridaConcluído

Progresso

Inventariados, %92 of 100 requiredHíbrido implementado, %14 of 50 requiredRetirados, %10 of 25 required
Post-quantum migration tracker: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Quantum workforce.Nomes de exemplo e valores ilustrativos; um projeto, não um registro nem um sistema ativo.
04Em todos os domínios

Quantum skills are scarce and unevenly spread.

05Métodos e evidência

How quantum workforce is modelled, measured and tested.

O modelo, os seus pressupostos, os seus dados e a sua incerteza, na forma que um cientista ou engenheiro verificaria. As estruturas seguem métodos publicados. Os valores representados são ilustrativos, não conclusões.

Modelo de sistema

The couplings between the systems in quantum workforce: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+QuânticaCibernéticaComunidadesEconomiaR de reforçoB equilíbrio
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
Princípios orientadores FAIR · GO FAIR e FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumOrientação sobre o tratamento consistente das incertezas · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
06Indicadores

O que é medido e com que qualidade.

Cada indicador leva sua unidade, sua periodicidade, o tipo de fonte por trás dele e a etiqueta de evidência que um valor levaria. Nenhum valor é mostrado: um programa os fornece sob sua própria autoridade.

IndicadorUnidadeCadênciaTipo de fonteRótulo
Quantum-related degree programmescontagemanualUniversity programme surveysREPORTADO
Quantum job postingscount by role typetrimestralJob posting dataOBSERVADO
Graduates in quantum-relevant fieldscontagemanualEducação statisticsEstatísticas publicadas
Women in quantum researchpercent of researchersper surveyWorkforce surveysREPORTADO
Vacancies reported hard to fillpercent of vacanciesper surveyEmployer surveysREPORTADO
Short courses and reskilling placescontagemanualTraining provider recordsREPORTADO
07Fontes

De onde vêm as evidências.

Conjuntos de dados públicos nomeados e registros institucionais, cada um com sua classe de licença. As fontes obtidas por acordo só são usadas nos seus termos e nunca são republicadas.

FonteO que ofereceClasse de licença
QED-C and industry workforce surveysEmployer needs and hiring difficultiesPublic reports, terms to check
European Quantum Flagship education and training workCompetence framework and training programmesPublic, EU terms
UNESCO Institute for Statistics and national education statisticsGraduates in science and engineeringOpen, terms per source
Job posting data summariesDemand for quantum skillsCommercial; public summaries (to check)
OECD science and innovation indicatorsResearch personnel and mobilityPublic, OECD terms
08Decisões

Quem decide, e a que servem as evidências.

Quantum Technologies prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Quem decideA perguntaEvidências a que esta página serve
UniversidadesWhich programmes and courses to createCompetence maps; demand analyses
EmployersHow to train and recruit for quantum rolesHiring difficulty evidence
GovernosHow to fund training and manage talent mobilitySupply, demand and mobility evidence

Produtos que este tema gera

  • Competence maps of roles beyond physics
  • Workforce supply and demand analyses
  • Training programme reviews
  • Evidence notes on mobility and diversity
09Questões centrais

O que os especialistas perguntam.

Workforce questions ask who can build, test and govern the technology.

  • Which skills are scarcest: quantum physics, hardware engineering, control electronics, software, cryptography or policy?
  • Where is research capacity concentrated, and who lacks access?
  • How do education pathways, including vocational and technician routes, feed the field?
  • How do mobility, visas and research security rules shape the talent pool?
  • Is there enough cryptographic expertise to carry out the post-quantum migration across all sectors?
10Mecanismos

Mecanismos e fatores.

Quantum technology requires depth in several disciplines at once, and its growth has outpaced the rate at which universities produce specialists. Demand comes from academia, industry and government simultaneously, so salaries and opportunities concentrate talent in a few places. The field also depends on technicians and engineers whose skills, such as vacuum, laser and cryogenic work, are often overlooked.

The post-quantum migration creates a separate and broader skills need: many organisations need people who understand where cryptography sits in their sistemas and how to change it, without needing to understand quantum physics.

11Métodos e dados

Como é estudado e onde param os métodos.

Método ou dadosO que mostraLimites
Labour market and job posting analysisDemand by skill and locationPostings are an imperfect proxy for need
Educação and graduate dataSupply of trained peopleProgramme labels vary and miss interdisciplinary routes
Bibliometrics and patent analysisWhere research capacity sitsMeasure outputs, not capacity or quality directly
Surveys of employers and researchersPerceived gaps and barriersResponse bias and small samples
12Métodos

Como é estudado e o que os métodos não podem dizer.

13Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Os organismos e documentos à luz dos quais esta página é lida. O estado e as edições mudam; cada ligação leva ao organismo emissor.

14Perguntas

Perguntas e respostas.

What skills does quantum technology need?
Physics and quantum information science, but also electronics, cryogenics, photonics, software engineering, manufacturing and business skills.
Is there a quantum skills shortage?
Employer surveys report difficulty filling roles, especially for experienced engineers and scientists, but the size of the gap is hard to measure.
What is a competence framework?
A structured description of the knowledge and skills needed for roles in a field, used to design training and recruitment, such as the European Competence Framework for Quantum Technologies.
Do you need a physics doctorate to work in quantum technology?
No. The field also needs engineers, technicians, software developers, cryptographers, project managers and policy specialists.
Why does the cryptographic migration need its own workforce?
Because almost every organisation must inventory and replace vulnerable cryptography, which requires security and systems expertise rather than quantum physics.
Does the platform offer training or credentials?
Not at this service level. Learning resources appear on the learning page as they are published. GCRI does not certify individuals.
RelatóriosContribuir

Contribua com evidências a partir desta página.

Relatórios is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRITecnologias quânticasTecnologia exponencialPanorama prospectivo
Tecnologias quânticas

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