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GCRI · التقنيات الكمية

القوى العاملة الكمومية

Quantum technology needs people who combine physics with engineering, software, cryogenics, photonics and business skills. Demand is growing faster than training programmes, and talent concentrates in a few countries and firms. This page sets out how the quantum workforce is formed, where gaps lie, how skills are measured, and what evidence serves universities, employers and governments building it.

02السؤال

Quantum workforce: how the risk develops.

Research capacity and scarce skills. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

الآلية

Training is concentrated

Most quantum specialists train in a few research universities. Countries without such programmes rely on recruiting from abroad.

الآلية

Roles go beyond physics

Building quantum النظم needs engineers, technicians, software developers and product staff, not only physicists, and these roles are often overlooked.

الآلية

Talent is mobile and contested

Researchers move between countries and between academia and industry, and immigration and security rules affect where they can work.

الآلية

Diversity is limited

The field draws from disciplines with low representation of women and some groups, which narrows the talent pool.

03الرصد

متتبع الانتقال إلى ما بعد الكم.

الشاشة التي قد يستخدمها فريق لمتابعة هذا الموضوع: مقاييسه وحالاته وقراراته. والأسماء أمثلة والقيم توضيحية.

متتبع الانتقال إلى ما بعد الكم

Quantum workforce · Crypto inventory · Wave 2

بيانات طويلة العمر معرّضة للخطرGCRI · التقنيات الكمية

الانتقال

  1. الجردكل التشفير
  2. تحديد الأولوياتعمر البيانات
  3. اختيارالخوارزميات القياسية
  4. نشر هجينالكلاسيكي وPQC
  5. الاختبارقابلية التشغيل البيني
  6. التحويلإيقاف التشغيل

النظم بحسب الأولوية

توقيع الأرشيفRSA-204829هجين ⁨ML-DSA⁩تجريب
بوابة ⁨VPN⁩ECDH8هجين ⁨ML-KEM⁩مخطَّط
وحدة ⁨HSM⁩ للمدفوعاتRSA-30727خريطة طريق الموردمعطّل
Web TLSECDHE3تبادل المفاتيح الهجينتم

التقدم

المجرود، %92 of 100 requiredالهجين المنشور، %14 of 50 requiredالمتقاعد، %10 of 25 required
Post-quantum migration tracker: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Quantum workforce.أسماء مثالية وقيم توضيحية؛ تصميم وليس سجلًا ولا نظامًا حيًا.
04عبر المجالات

Quantum skills are scarce and unevenly spread.

05الأساليب والأدلة

How quantum workforce is modelled, measured and tested.

النموذج وافتراضاته وبياناته وعدم اليقين فيه، بالصورة التي يفحصها بها عالم أو مهندس. وتتبع البنى أساليب منشورة. والقيم المرسومة توضيحية، وليست نتائج.

نموذج النظام

The couplings between the systems in quantum workforce: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+التكنولوجيا الكميةالفضاء السيبرانيالمجتمعاتالاقتصاد⁨R⁩ معزِّزة⁨B⁩ موازِنة
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
مبادئ FAIR التوجيهية · GO FAIR وFORCE11⁨W3C PROV⁩ · اتحاد الشبكة العالميةإرشادات بشأن المعالجة المتسقة لأوجه عدم اليقين · الهيئة الحكومية الدولية المعنية بتغير المناخبيانات CEOS الجاهزة للتحليل · لجنة سواتل رصد الأرض
06المؤشرات الفرعية

ما الذي يُقاس، ومدى جودة قياسه.

يحمل كل مؤشر وحدته ووتيرته ونوع المصدر الذي يستند إليه ووسم الأدلة الذي ستحمله القيمة. ولا تُعرض أي قيم: فالبرنامج يقدّمها بموجب سلطته الخاصة.

المؤشرالوحدةوتيرة الإصدارنوع المصدرالوسم
Quantum-related degree programmesالعددسنويUniversity programme surveysمُبلَّغ عنه
Quantum job postingscount by role typeفصليJob posting dataمرصود
Graduates in quantum-relevant fieldsالعددسنويالتعليم statisticsالإحصاءات المنشورة
Women in quantum researchpercent of researchersper surveyWorkforce surveysمُبلَّغ عنه
Vacancies reported hard to fillpercent of vacanciesper surveyEmployer surveysمُبلَّغ عنه
Short courses and reskilling placesالعددسنويTraining provider recordsمُبلَّغ عنه
07المصادر

من أين تأتي الأدلة.

مجموعات بيانات عامة مسمّاة وسجلات مؤسسية، لكلٍّ منها فئة ترخيصها. ولا تُستخدم المصادر المتاحة بموجب اتفاق إلا وفق شروطها، ولا يُعاد نشرها أبدًا.

المصدرما يقدّمهفئة الترخيص
QED-C and industry workforce surveysEmployer needs and hiring difficultiesPublic reports, terms to check
European Quantum Flagship education and training workCompetence framework and training programmesPublic, EU terms
UNESCO Institute for Statistics and national education statisticsGraduates in science and engineeringOpen, terms per source
Job posting data summariesDemand for quantum skillsCommercial; public summaries (to check)
OECD science and innovation indicatorsResearch personnel and mobilityPublic, OECD terms
08القرارات

من يقرر، وما الذي تخدمه الأدلة.

Quantum Technologies prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

من يقررالسؤالالأدلة التي تخدمها هذه الصفحة
الجامعاتWhich programmes and courses to createCompetence maps; demand analyses
EmployersHow to train and recruit for quantum rolesHiring difficulty evidence
الحكوماتHow to fund training and manage talent mobilitySupply, demand and mobility evidence

المخرجات التي يُنتجها هذا الموضوع

  • Competence maps of roles beyond physics
  • Workforce supply and demand analyses
  • Training programme reviews
  • Evidence notes on mobility and diversity
09الأسئلة الجوهرية

ما يسأل عنه الخبراء.

Workforce questions ask who can build, test and govern the technology.

  • Which skills are scarcest: quantum physics, hardware engineering, control electronics, software, cryptography or policy?
  • Where is research capacity concentrated, and who lacks access?
  • How do education pathways, including vocational and technician routes, feed the field?
  • How do mobility, visas and research security rules shape the talent pool?
  • Is there enough cryptographic expertise to carry out the post-quantum migration across all sectors?
10الآليات

الآليات والمحرّكات.

Quantum technology requires depth in several disciplines at once, and its growth has outpaced the rate at which universities produce specialists. Demand comes from academia, industry and government simultaneously, so salaries and opportunities concentrate talent in a few places. The field also depends on technicians and engineers whose skills, such as vacuum, laser and cryogenic work, are often overlooked.

The post-quantum migration creates a separate and broader skills need: many organisations need people who understand where cryptography sits in their النظم and how to change it, without needing to understand quantum physics.

11المناهج والبيانات

كيف يُدرس، وأين تتوقف المناهج.

المنهج أو البياناتما يُظهرهالحدود
Labour market and job posting analysisDemand by skill and locationPostings are an imperfect proxy for need
التعليم and graduate dataSupply of trained peopleProgramme labels vary and miss interdisciplinary routes
Bibliometrics and patent analysisWhere research capacity sitsMeasure outputs, not capacity or quality directly
Surveys of employers and researchersPerceived gaps and barriersResponse bias and small samples
13Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

الهيئات والوثائق التي تُقرأ هذه الصفحة في ضوئها. وتتغير الحالات والإصدارات؛ ويقود كل رابط إلى الهيئة المُصدِرة.

14أسئلة

أسئلة وأجوبة.

What skills does quantum technology need?
Physics and quantum information science, but also electronics, cryogenics, photonics, software engineering, manufacturing and business skills.
Is there a quantum skills shortage?
Employer surveys report difficulty filling roles, especially for experienced engineers and scientists, but the size of the gap is hard to measure.
What is a competence framework?
A structured description of the knowledge and skills needed for roles in a field, used to design training and recruitment, such as the European Competence Framework for Quantum Technologies.
Do you need a physics doctorate to work in quantum technology?
No. The field also needs engineers, technicians, software developers, cryptographers, project managers and policy specialists.
Why does the cryptographic migration need its own workforce?
Because almost every organisation must inventory and replace vulnerable cryptography, which requires security and systems expertise rather than quantum physics.
Does the platform offer training or credentials?
Not at this service level. Learning resources appear on the learning page as they are published. GCRI does not certify individuals.
التقاريرساهم

ساهم بأدلة من هذه الصفحة.

التقارير is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

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