GCRI · 量子技術
量子人材
Quantum technology needs people who combine physics with engineering, software, cryogenics, photonics and business skills. Demand is growing faster than training programmes, and talent concentrates in a few countries and firms. This page sets out how the quantum workforce is formed, where gaps lie, how skills are measured, and what evidence serves universities, employers and governments building it.
Quantum workforce on the record.
Quantum workforce: how the risk develops.
Research capacity and scarce skills. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.
Training is concentrated
Most quantum specialists train in a few research universities. Countries without such programmes rely on recruiting from abroad.
Roles go beyond physics
Building quantum システム needs engineers, technicians, software developers and product staff, not only physicists, and these roles are often overlooked.
Talent is mobile and contested
Researchers move between countries and between academia and industry, and immigration and security rules affect where they can work.
Diversity is limited
The field draws from disciplines with low representation of women and some groups, which narrows the talent pool.
耐量子計算機暗号への移行トラッカー。
このテーマを追跡するためにチームが使う画面：その指標、状態、決定。名前は例であり、値はイメージです。
ポスト量子移行追跡ツール
Quantum workforce · Crypto inventory · Wave 2
移住
- 目録暗号すべて
- 優先順位をつけるデータの寿命
- 選択する標準アルゴリズム
- ハイブリッド展開従来型と PQC
- 試験相互運用性
- 切り替え退役
優先度別のシステム
| アーカイブの署名 | RSA-2048 | 29 | ML-DSA ハイブリッド | 試験運用 |
| VPN ゲートウェイ | ECDH | 8 | ML-KEM ハイブリッド | 計画中 |
| 決済 HSM | RSA-3072 | 7 | ベンダーのロードマップ | 阻害中 |
| Web TLS | ECDHE | 3 | ハイブリッド鍵交換 | 完了 |
進捗
Quantum skills are scarce and unevenly spread.
- エネルギー結合Energy and materials research compete for the same specialists.What to watchGraduate pipelines
- 健康結合Medical physics shares skills with quantum sensing.What to watchCross-training routes
- 水結合Security teams in utilities need cryptography skills for migration.What to watchMigration skills in operators
Workforce studies are designed for the Exponential Technology series. The International Year of Quantum (2025) raised attention to education; programmes are listed with their sources.
- Curricula and training evaluations.
- Labour market data for quantum roles.
How quantum workforce is modelled, measured and tested.
モデル、その仮定、データ、不確実性を、科学者やエンジニアが確認する形で示します。構造は公表された手法に従っています。描かれた値は例示であり、知見ではありません。
システム・モデル
The couplings between the systems in quantum workforce: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.
何を、どの程度うまく測定しているか。
各指標には、その単位、更新頻度、背後にある出典の種類、値が持つことになるエビデンスのラベルが付いています。値は表示しません：プログラムが自らの権限のもとで値を提供します。
| 指標 | 単位 | 周期 | 出典の種類 | ラベル |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quantum-related degree programmes | 件数 | 年次 | University programme surveys | 報告値 |
| Quantum job postings | count by role type | 四半期ごと | Job posting data | 観測 |
| Graduates in quantum-relevant fields | 件数 | 年次 | 教育 statistics | 公表統計 |
| Women in quantum research | percent of researchers | per survey | Workforce surveys | 報告値 |
| Vacancies reported hard to fill | percent of vacancies | per survey | Employer surveys | 報告値 |
| Short courses and reskilling places | 件数 | 年次 | Training provider records | 報告値 |
エビデンスの出所。
名前の明示された公開データセットと機関の記録。それぞれにライセンス区分があります。合意に基づく出典は、その条件のもとでのみ使用し、再公開することはありません。
| 出典 | 提供するもの | ライセンス区分 |
|---|---|---|
| QED-C and industry workforce surveys | Employer needs and hiring difficulties | Public reports, terms to check |
| European Quantum Flagship education and training work | Competence framework and training programmes | Public, EU terms |
| UNESCO Institute for Statistics and national education statistics | Graduates in science and engineering | Open, terms per source |
| Job posting data summaries | Demand for quantum skills | Commercial; public summaries (to check) |
| OECD science and innovation indicators | Research personnel and mobility | Public, OECD terms |
誰が決め、エビデンスが何に役立つか。
Quantum Technologies prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.
| 誰が決定するか | 質問 | このページが提供するエビデンス |
|---|---|---|
| 大学 | Which programmes and courses to create | Competence maps; demand analyses |
| Employers | How to train and recruit for quantum roles | Hiring difficulty evidence |
| 政府 | How to fund training and manage talent mobility | Supply, demand and mobility evidence |
このトピックが生み出す成果物
- Competence maps of roles beyond physics
- Workforce supply and demand analyses
- Training programme reviews
- Evidence notes on mobility and diversity
専門家が問うこと。
Workforce questions ask who can build, test and govern the technology.
- Which skills are scarcest: quantum physics, hardware engineering, control electronics, software, cryptography or policy?
- Where is research capacity concentrated, and who lacks access?
- How do education pathways, including vocational and technician routes, feed the field?
- How do mobility, visas and research security rules shape the talent pool?
- Is there enough cryptographic expertise to carry out the post-quantum migration across all sectors?
メカニズムと要因。
Quantum technology requires depth in several disciplines at once, and its growth has outpaced the rate at which universities produce specialists. Demand comes from academia, industry and government simultaneously, so salaries and opportunities concentrate talent in a few places. The field also depends on technicians and engineers whose skills, such as vacuum, laser and cryogenic work, are often overlooked.
The post-quantum migration creates a separate and broader skills need: many organisations need people who understand where cryptography sits in their システム and how to change it, without needing to understand quantum physics.
どのように研究され、手法がどこで止まるか。
| 手法またはデータ | 表示内容 | 限界 |
|---|---|---|
| Labour market and job posting analysis | Demand by skill and location | Postings are an imperfect proxy for need |
| 教育 and graduate data | Supply of trained people | Programme labels vary and miss interdisciplinary routes |
| Bibliometrics and patent analysis | Where research capacity sits | Measure outputs, not capacity or quality directly |
| Surveys of employers and researchers | Perceived gaps and barriers | Response bias and small samples |
Where this page’s references lead.
このページの読解の基準となる機関と文書。状態と版は変わります。各リンクは発行機関へ移動します。
質問と回答。
What skills does quantum technology need?
Is there a quantum skills shortage?
What is a competence framework?
Do you need a physics doctorate to work in quantum technology?
Why does the cryptographic migration need its own workforce?
Does the platform offer training or credentials?
このページからエビデンスを提供する。
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