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GCRI · 양자기술

양자 인력

Quantum technology needs people who combine physics with engineering, software, cryogenics, photonics and business skills. Demand is growing faster than training programmes, and talent concentrates in a few countries and firms. This page sets out how the quantum workforce is formed, where gaps lie, how skills are measured, and what evidence serves universities, employers and governments building it.

01등록

Quantum workforce on the record.

02질문

Quantum workforce: how the risk develops.

Research capacity and scarce skills. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

메커니즘

Training is concentrated

Most quantum specialists train in a few research universities. Countries without such programmes rely on recruiting from abroad.

메커니즘

Roles go beyond physics

Building quantum 시스템 needs engineers, technicians, software developers and product staff, not only physicists, and these roles are often overlooked.

메커니즘

Talent is mobile and contested

Researchers move between countries and between academia and industry, and immigration and security rules affect where they can work.

메커니즘

Diversity is limited

The field draws from disciplines with low representation of women and some groups, which narrows the talent pool.

03모니터링

양자 내성 전환 추적기.

팀이 이 주제를 따라가는 데 사용할 화면으로, 그 지표, 상태, 결정을 보여 줍니다. 이름은 예시이며 값은 설명용입니다.

양자 내성 전환 추적기

Quantum workforce · Crypto inventory · Wave 2

위험에 처한 장수명 데이터GCRI · 양자기술

이주

  1. 목록모든 암호
  2. 우선순위 설정데이터 수명
  3. 선택표준 알고리즘
  4. 하이브리드 배치고전 암호와 PQC
  5. 시험상호운용
  6. 전환폐기

우선순위별 시스템

아카이브 서명RSA-204829ML-DSA 하이브리드시범 운영
VPN 게이트웨이ECDH8ML-KEM 하이브리드계획됨
결제 HSMRSA-30727공급업체 로드맵차단됨
Web TLSECDHE3하이브리드 키 교환완료

진행 상황

목록화됨, %92 of 100 required하이브리드 배치, %14 of 50 required퇴역, %10 of 25 required
Post-quantum migration tracker: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Quantum workforce.예시 이름과 예시 값으로, 실제 기록이나 운영 중인 시스템이 아닌 설계안입니다.
04영역 전반

Quantum skills are scarce and unevenly spread.

05방법과 근거

How quantum workforce is modelled, measured and tested.

모형, 그 가정, 데이터, 불확실성을 과학자나 엔지니어가 확인할 형태로 제시합니다. 구조는 발행된 방법을 따릅니다. 제시된 값은 예시이며 결과가 아닙니다.

시스템 모형

The couplings between the systems in quantum workforce: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+양자사이버지역사회경제R 강화B 균형
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
FAIR 지침 원칙 · GO FAIR와 FORCE11W3C PROV · 월드 와이드 웹 컨소시엄불확실성의 일관된 처리에 관한 지침 · IPCCCEOS 분석 준비 데이터(Analysis Ready Data) · 지구관측위성위원회
06지표

측정되는 것과 그 정확도.

각 지표에는 단위, 주기, 그 뒤의 출처 종류, 값에 붙을 근거 표시가 있습니다. 값은 표시하지 않습니다. 값은 프로그램이 자체 권한으로 제공합니다.

지표단위주기출처 유형라벨
Quantum-related degree programmes건수연간University programme surveys보고됨
Quantum job postingscount by role type분기별Job posting data관측
Graduates in quantum-relevant fields건수연간교육 statistics공표 통계
Women in quantum researchpercent of researchersper surveyWorkforce surveys보고됨
Vacancies reported hard to fillpercent of vacanciesper surveyEmployer surveys보고됨
Short courses and reskilling places건수연간Training provider records보고됨
07출처

근거의 출처.

이름이 명시된 공개 데이터셋과 기관 기록으로, 각각 라이선스 등급이 있습니다. 협약에 따른 출처는 그 조건에 따라서만 사용하며 결코 재게시하지 않습니다.

출처제공하는 것라이선스 등급
QED-C and industry workforce surveysEmployer needs and hiring difficultiesPublic reports, terms to check
European Quantum Flagship education and training workCompetence framework and training programmesPublic, EU terms
UNESCO Institute for Statistics and national education statisticsGraduates in science and engineeringOpen, terms per source
Job posting data summariesDemand for quantum skillsCommercial; public summaries (to check)
OECD science and innovation indicatorsResearch personnel and mobilityPublic, OECD terms
08결정

누가 결정하며 근거는 무엇에 쓰이는지.

Quantum Technologies prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

결정 주체질문이 페이지가 제공하는 근거
대학Which programmes and courses to createCompetence maps; demand analyses
EmployersHow to train and recruit for quantum rolesHiring difficulty evidence
정부How to fund training and manage talent mobilitySupply, demand and mobility evidence

이 주제가 생산하는 산출물

  • Competence maps of roles beyond physics
  • Workforce supply and demand analyses
  • Training programme reviews
  • Evidence notes on mobility and diversity
09핵심 질문

전문가가 묻는 것.

Workforce questions ask who can build, test and govern the technology.

  • Which skills are scarcest: quantum physics, hardware engineering, control electronics, software, cryptography or policy?
  • Where is research capacity concentrated, and who lacks access?
  • How do education pathways, including vocational and technician routes, feed the field?
  • How do mobility, visas and research security rules shape the talent pool?
  • Is there enough cryptographic expertise to carry out the post-quantum migration across all sectors?
10메커니즘

메커니즘과 동인.

Quantum technology requires depth in several disciplines at once, and its growth has outpaced the rate at which universities produce specialists. Demand comes from academia, industry and government simultaneously, so salaries and opportunities concentrate talent in a few places. The field also depends on technicians and engineers whose skills, such as vacuum, laser and cryogenic work, are often overlooked.

The post-quantum migration creates a separate and broader skills need: many organisations need people who understand where cryptography sits in their 시스템 and how to change it, without needing to understand quantum physics.

11방법과 데이터

연구되는 방식과 방법의 한계.

방법 또는 데이터표시 내용한계
Labour market and job posting analysisDemand by skill and locationPostings are an imperfect proxy for need
교육 and graduate dataSupply of trained peopleProgramme labels vary and miss interdisciplinary routes
Bibliometrics and patent analysisWhere research capacity sitsMeasure outputs, not capacity or quality directly
Surveys of employers and researchersPerceived gaps and barriersResponse bias and small samples
12방법

연구되는 방식과 방법이 말할 수 없는 것.

  1. 확률과 통계충실도 추정 · 우위 주장 검증 · 특허와 투자 데이터 분석이곳에서의 적용
  2. 물리학과 양자과학큐비트 잡음 특성 분석 · 양자 시계 계측 · 양자 효과 검증이곳에서의 적용
  3. 양자 컴퓨팅, 센싱 및 통신비교 가능한 벤치마킹 · 기술 성숙도 평가 · 보안 영향 추적이곳에서의 적용
13Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

이 페이지를 읽을 때 기준이 되는 기구와 문서. 상태와 판은 바뀌며, 각 링크는 발행 기구로 연결됩니다.

14질문

질문과 답변.

What skills does quantum technology need?
Physics and quantum information science, but also electronics, cryogenics, photonics, software engineering, manufacturing and business skills.
Is there a quantum skills shortage?
Employer surveys report difficulty filling roles, especially for experienced engineers and scientists, but the size of the gap is hard to measure.
What is a competence framework?
A structured description of the knowledge and skills needed for roles in a field, used to design training and recruitment, such as the European Competence Framework for Quantum Technologies.
Do you need a physics doctorate to work in quantum technology?
No. The field also needs engineers, technicians, software developers, cryptographers, project managers and policy specialists.
Why does the cryptographic migration need its own workforce?
Because almost every organisation must inventory and replace vulnerable cryptography, which requires security and systems expertise rather than quantum physics.
Does the platform offer training or credentials?
Not at this service level. Learning resources appear on the learning page as they are published. GCRI does not certify individuals.
보고서기여하기

이 페이지에서 증거를 기여하십시오.

보고서 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

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방법, 데이터세트 또는 질문을 가져오십시오.

정보와 문의는 오늘부터 열려 있습니다. 문의에는 참조 번호가 부여되고 다음 단계가 안내됩니다. 신청, 결제, 컴퓨팅 할당, 등록은 해당 팀, 약관, 심사 역량이 갖추어졌을 때만 열립니다.