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GCRI · Tecnologie quantistiche

Forza lavoro quantistica

Quantum technology needs people who combine physics with engineering, software, cryogenics, photonics and business skills. Demand is growing faster than training programmes, and talent concentrates in a few countries and firms. This page sets out how the quantum workforce is formed, where gaps lie, how skills are measured, and what evidence serves universities, employers and governments building it.

01Registrare

Quantum workforce on the record.

02La domanda

Quantum workforce: how the risk develops.

Research capacity and scarce skills. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Meccanismo

Training is concentrated

Most quantum specialists train in a few research universities. Countries without such programmes rely on recruiting from abroad.

Meccanismo

Roles go beyond physics

Building quantum sistemi needs engineers, technicians, software developers and product staff, not only physicists, and these roles are often overlooked.

Meccanismo

Talent is mobile and contested

Researchers move between countries and between academia and industry, and immigration and security rules affect where they can work.

Meccanismo

Diversity is limited

The field draws from disciplines with low representation of women and some groups, which narrows the talent pool.

03Monitoraggio

Monitoraggio della migrazione post-quantistica.

La schermata che un gruppo utilizzerebbe per seguire questo tema: misure, stati e decisioni. I nomi sono esempi e i valori sono illustrativi.

Monitoraggio della migrazione post-quantistica

Quantum workforce · Crypto inventory · Wave 2

Dati di lunga durata a rischioGCRI · Tecnologie quantistiche

Migrazione

  1. Inventariotutta la crittografia
  2. Dare prioritàdurata di vita dei dati
  3. Selezionarealgoritmi standard
  4. Distribuzione ibridaclassica e PQC
  5. Testareinteroperabilità
  6. Passaggio in produzionedismettere

Sistemi per priorità

Firma degli archiviRSA-204829ML-DSA ibridoSperimentazione pilota
Gateway VPNECDH8ML-KEM ibridoPianificato
HSM dei pagamentiRSA-30727Roadmap del fornitoreBloccato
TLS webECDHE3Scambio di chiavi ibridoFatto

Avanzamento

Inventariati, %92 of 100 requiredIbrido implementato, %14 of 50 requiredRitirati, %10 of 25 required
Post-quantum migration tracker: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Quantum workforce.Nomi di esempio e valori illustrativi; un progetto, non un registro né un sistema attivo.
04Tra i domini

Quantum skills are scarce and unevenly spread.

05Metodi ed evidenze

How quantum workforce is modelled, measured and tested.

Il modello, le sue ipotesi, i suoi dati e la sua incertezza, nella forma in cui uno scienziato o un ingegnere li verificherebbe. Le strutture seguono metodi pubblicati. I valori rappresentati sono illustrativi, non risultati.

Modello di sistema

The couplings between the systems in quantum workforce: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−+QuantisticaCyberComunitàEconomiaR di rinforzoB bilanciamento
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
Principi guida FAIR · GO FAIR e FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumGuidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Comitato sui satelliti per l'osservazione della Terra
06Indicatori

Cosa viene misurato e con quale accuratezza.

Ogni indicatore riporta la sua unità, la sua cadenza, il tipo di fonte su cui si basa e l'etichetta di evidenza che un valore riporterebbe. Non sono mostrati valori: un programma li fornisce sotto la propria autorità.

IndicatoreUnitàCadenzaTipo di fonteEtichetta
Quantum-related degree programmesconteggioannualeUniversity programme surveysRIPORTATO
Quantum job postingscount by role typetrimestraleJob posting dataOSSERVATO
Graduates in quantum-relevant fieldsconteggioannualeIstruzione statisticsStatistiche pubblicate
Women in quantum researchpercent of researchersper surveyWorkforce surveysRIPORTATO
Vacancies reported hard to fillpercent of vacanciesper surveyEmployer surveysRIPORTATO
Short courses and reskilling placesconteggioannualeTraining provider recordsRIPORTATO
07Fonti

Da dove provengono le evidenze.

Set di dati pubblici e registri istituzionali specifici, ciascuno con la sua classe di licenza. Le fonti soggette ad accordo sono utilizzate solo alle relative condizioni e mai ripubblicate.

FonteCosa fornisceClasse di licenza
QED-C and industry workforce surveysEmployer needs and hiring difficultiesPublic reports, terms to check
European Quantum Flagship education and training workCompetence framework and training programmesPublic, EU terms
UNESCO Institute for Statistics and national education statisticsGraduates in science and engineeringOpen, terms per source
Job posting data summariesDemand for quantum skillsCommercial; public summaries (to check)
OECD science and innovation indicatorsResearch personnel and mobilityPublic, OECD terms
08Decisioni

Chi decide, e a cosa servono le evidenze.

Quantum Technologies prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Chi decideLa domandaEvidenze fornite da questa pagina
UniversitàWhich programmes and courses to createCompetence maps; demand analyses
EmployersHow to train and recruit for quantum rolesHiring difficulty evidence
GoverniHow to fund training and manage talent mobilitySupply, demand and mobility evidence

Output prodotti da questo argomento

  • Competence maps of roles beyond physics
  • Workforce supply and demand analyses
  • Training programme reviews
  • Evidence notes on mobility and diversity
09Questioni centrali

Cosa si chiedono gli esperti.

Workforce questions ask who can build, test and govern the technology.

  • Which skills are scarcest: quantum physics, hardware engineering, control electronics, software, cryptography or policy?
  • Where is research capacity concentrated, and who lacks access?
  • How do education pathways, including vocational and technician routes, feed the field?
  • How do mobility, visas and research security rules shape the talent pool?
  • Is there enough cryptographic expertise to carry out the post-quantum migration across all sectors?
10Meccanismi

Meccanismi e fattori.

Quantum technology requires depth in several disciplines at once, and its growth has outpaced the rate at which universities produce specialists. Demand comes from academia, industry and government simultaneously, so salaries and opportunities concentrate talent in a few places. The field also depends on technicians and engineers whose skills, such as vacuum, laser and cryogenic work, are often overlooked.

The post-quantum migration creates a separate and broader skills need: many organisations need people who understand where cryptography sits in their sistemi and how to change it, without needing to understand quantum physics.

11Metodi e dati

Come viene studiato, e dove si fermano i metodi.

Metodo o datiCosa mostraLimiti
Labour market and job posting analysisDemand by skill and locationPostings are an imperfect proxy for need
Istruzione and graduate dataSupply of trained peopleProgramme labels vary and miss interdisciplinary routes
Bibliometrics and patent analysisWhere research capacity sitsMeasure outputs, not capacity or quality directly
Surveys of employers and researchersPerceived gaps and barriersResponse bias and small samples
12Metodi

Come viene studiato, e cosa i metodi non possono dire.

13Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Gli organismi e i documenti alla luce dei quali si legge questa pagina. Stato ed edizioni cambiano; ogni link porta all'organismo emittente.

14Domande

Domande e risposte.

What skills does quantum technology need?
Physics and quantum information science, but also electronics, cryogenics, photonics, software engineering, manufacturing and business skills.
Is there a quantum skills shortage?
Employer surveys report difficulty filling roles, especially for experienced engineers and scientists, but the size of the gap is hard to measure.
What is a competence framework?
A structured description of the knowledge and skills needed for roles in a field, used to design training and recruitment, such as the European Competence Framework for Quantum Technologies.
Do you need a physics doctorate to work in quantum technology?
No. The field also needs engineers, technicians, software developers, cryptographers, project managers and policy specialists.
Why does the cryptographic migration need its own workforce?
Because almost every organisation must inventory and replace vulnerable cryptography, which requires security and systems expertise rather than quantum physics.
Does the platform offer training or credentials?
Not at this service level. Learning resources appear on the learning page as they are published. GCRI does not certify individuals.
RapportiContribuisci

Contribuisci con evidenze da questa pagina.

Rapporti is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRITecnologie quantisticheTecnologia esponenzialeProspettive Foresight
Tecnologie quantistiche

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