الاستخدام المزدوج والأخلاقيات

• How can research of concern be identified early, without discouraging beneficial science?
• What responsibilities do researchers, institutions, funders and publishers each hold?
• How should concerns be raised and escalated, and how are those who raise them protected?
• How should the publication of sensitive findings be handled?
• How do ethical questions of consent, equity and benefit sharing apply to biotechnology?

Governance analyses are designed for the سلسلة التقنيات الأسية. The WHO framework (2022) and the Biological Weapons Convention set the frame; GCRI publishes governance analysis, never methods of concern.

• Governance comparisons.
• Ethics review lessons.

Dual-use concerns arise because the same experiments that reveal how biological النظم work can, in rare cases, produce knowledge or materials that could be misused. Policies in several countries define categories of research that require additional review, and funders and journals have developed processes for assessing sensitive work. These processes depend heavily on the judgement and awareness of researchers themselves.

Ethics in biotechnology extends beyond misuse: consent for the use of genetic data, equitable access to benefits, fair sharing of benefits from genetic resources, and respect for communities and ecosystems. A culture of responsibility, in which researchers consider consequences and feel able to raise concerns, is widely regarded as the foundation of effective governance. The platform works at the level of governance, evaluation and risk methods. It publishes no protocols, techniques or information that would increase anyone’s capacity to cause harm.

1. 01

   Policy analysis

   Comparative studies of dual-use review policies, funder conditions and publication practices.

2. 02

   Ethics frameworks

   Structured approaches for weighing benefits, risks and responsibilities in research decisions.

3. 03

   Education research

   Studies of how training and culture influence awareness and reporting.

4. 04

   الحدود

   Misuse potential is hard to judge in advance, review processes vary in rigour, and discussions of risk must avoid creating the hazards they seek to prevent.

Published analysis on this topic is designed to carry a named subject reviewer, its references and the views of independent specialists, including biosafety professionals and those who disagree.

• إطار منظمة الصحة العالمية التوجيهي العالمي للاستخدام المسؤول لعلوم الحياة (WHO، 2022)
• اتفاقية الأسلحة البيولوجية (1972؛ مكتب الأمم المتحدة لشؤون نزع السلاح)