GCRI · Registry

Classes de evidências

Not all evidence carries the same weight. A peer-reviewed trial, a published statistic, a model output, a press statement and an owner’s own declaration can all support the same sentence, yet each warrants a different degree of reliance. Evidence classes make that difference visible. This page sets out how records are classed by evidence type, how confidence is stated, how reliance limits are set, and why claims drift beyond what their evidence supports.

02A pergunta

Evidence classes: how the risk develops.

Evidence type, reliance limits and confidence. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mecanismo

Class collapse

When observed, modelled, reported and declared evidence share one field with no label, a reader cannot tell a measurement from a projection or a self-assessment. The weakest source then borrows the authority of the strongest.

Mecanismo

Claim creep

A finding moves from a cautious report to an abstract, a summary and a headline, losing qualifiers at each step. The claim widens while its evidence stays the same, until it exceeds what any source supports.

Mecanismo

Single-source dependence

Many records rest on one upstream source cited by several intermediaries. Counting the intermediaries makes the evidence look plural and independent when it is one source repeated.

Mecanismo

Confidence without basis

A confidence word such as likely or high is attached without saying what it rests on. Readers in different fields interpret the word differently, so one label carries different meanings to an editor, a funder and a court.

03Monitoramento

Livro de registros.

A tela que uma equipe usaria para acompanhar esta matéria: suas medidas, estados e decisões. Os nomes são exemplos e os valores são ilustrativos.

Livro de registros

Evidence classes · Registry · Ledger head 3142470

  • Registros cadastrados
    5701
  • Proveniência completa, % dos registros
    92Normal
  • Correções abertas
    10Observar
  • Retenções de direitos
    4Informação
Verificação de integridade aprovadaGCRI · Registry

Registros mais recentes

NX-R-12221Situação do programav24472615Registrado
NX-P-88287Publicaçãov31324692Registrado
NX-E-72567Registro de evidênciasv44410118Correção aberta
NX-C-27773Participaçãov17438493Retenção de direitos

Histórico de versões

  1. v1NEWRegistrado com fontes
  2. v2FIXUnidade corrigida, motivo registrado
  3. v3OPENCorreção solicitada
Record ledger: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Evidence classes.Nomes de exemplo e valores ilustrativos; um projeto, não um registro nem um sistema ativo.
04In the five domains

Evidence classes mean the same thing in every domain.

05Métodos e evidência

How evidence classes is modelled, measured and tested.

O modelo, os seus pressupostos, os seus dados e a sua incerteza, na forma que um cientista ou engenheiro verificaria. As estruturas seguem métodos publicados. Os valores representados são ilustrativos, não conclusões.

Conjuntos de dados e proveniência

The data classes behind evidence classes and what is recorded about each before it is used.

Classe de dadosProveniência registadaResolução indicadaLicença verificada
Imagens de satélite, óticas e radarsensor, nível de processamento, data de aquisiçãotamanho do píxel e revisitapor cena
Reanálises e saídas de modelos climáticosmodelo, experiência, membro, versãogrelha e passo temporalpor publicação
Sensores e estações de medição in situestação, instrumento, registo de calibraçãoponto e frequência de amostragempor rede
Exposição da população e dos ativosmétodo, versão, fontes de entradatamanho e unidade da célulapor publicação
Limites e geografia de referênciaprodutor, edição, dataescalapor edição
Linhagem
Registro W3C PROV da fonte à figura
Princípios
FAIR: localizáveis, acessíveis, interoperáveis, reutilizáveis
Lacunas
apresentado como em falta, nunca preenchido em silêncio
Classes de dados e os campos de proveniência registrados para cada uma; um conjunto de dados só é listado pelo nome quando sua licença admite o uso.
Princípios orientadores FAIR · GO FAIR e FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumOrientação sobre o tratamento consistente das incertezas · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
06Indicadores

O que é medido e com que qualidade.

Cada indicador leva sua unidade, sua periodicidade, o tipo de fonte por trás dele e a etiqueta de evidência que um valor levaria. Nenhum valor é mostrado: um programa os fornece sob sua própria autoridade.

IndicadorUnidadeCadênciaTipo de fonteRótulo
Assertions with an evidence classshare of assertionsmensalSchema validationOBSERVADO
Assertions by evidence classcount by classtrimestralRegistry recordsOBSERVADO
Assertions resting on a single sourceshare of assertionstrimestralProvenance graphOBSERVADO
Confidence statements with a stated basisshare of confidence statementstrimestralCuration reviewOBSERVADO
Class reassignments after reviewcontagemtrimestralReview recordsOBSERVADO
Agreement between independent classifiersagreement coefficientper auditDouble-coding auditESTIMADO
Claims exceeding their evidence classcontagemmensalClaim-to-evidence auditOBSERVADO
07Fontes

De onde vêm as evidências.

Conjuntos de dados públicos nomeados e registros institucionais, cada um com sua classe de licença. As fontes obtidas por acordo só são usadas nos seus termos e nunca são republicadas.

FonteO que ofereceClasse de licença
GRADE handbookA method for rating the certainty of evidence and the strength of recommendationsFree to read, GRADE Working Group terms
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of InterventionsMethods for assessing risk of bias and synthesising evidenceFree to read online, Cochrane copyright
Nota de orientação do IPCC sobre o tratamento coerente das incertezasLinguagem calibrada de confiança e probabilidade nas avaliaçõesFree to read, IPCC terms
Evidence and Conclusion Ontology (ECO)A controlled vocabulary of evidence types used in scientific curationOpen ontology, free to reuse
Oxford CEBM levels of evidenceA hierarchy of evidence types for clinical questionsFree to read, attribution
Campbell Collaboration methods guidanceMethods for evidence synthesis in social and economic policyFree to read, Campbell terms
08Decisões

Quem decide, e a que servem as evidências.

Registry prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Quem decideA perguntaEvidências a que esta página serve
Guideline panels and systematic reviewersHow much weight an assertion can bear in a recommendationEvidence class, certainty rating and independence of the sources behind it
Funders and assessment panelsWhether reported outcomes are evidenced or only declaredClass labels separating observed outcomes from self-reported and planned ones
Journal editorsWhether a manuscript’s claims match the class of evidence it citesEvidence class of each cited record and any single-source dependence
Regulators and public bodiesWhether evidence is strong enough to justify a rule or an interventionClass, confidence basis and reliance limits for each supporting record

Produtos que este tema gera

  • An evidence class assigned to each assertion and carried into every view and export
  • A glossary of classes stating what each supports and what it does not
  • Reliance notes marking assertions that rest on a single source
  • Confidence statements with their stated basis and the reviewer who set them
09Questões centrais

What experts ask about evidence types.

  • How should a classification separate the source of a claim from its reliability?
  • How can a label survive aggregation, when estimates are mixed with observations?
  • How should confidence be communicated to non-specialists without misleading them?
  • When is a scenario mistaken for a forecast, and how is that prevented?
  • What should a record say when the evidence type is unknown?
10Mecanismos

How evidence loses its label.

Evidence is most often misused not because it is wrong but because it is read as something it is not. A modelled estimate printed in a table beside published statistics acquires their apparent authority. A scenario designed to explore a possibility is quoted as a prediction. Assessment bodies in climate science, public health and statistics have each developed calibrated language for confidence and likelihood for this reason.

The Registry uses the evidence labels shared across the programme: Observed, Published statistics, Institution-reported, Estimated, Modelled, Forecast, Scenario, Expert judgement and Unknown. A label names a source type. “Published statistics” means published by the responsible agency; it is not a claim of endorsement. Estimates stay labelled as estimates and never replace published figures.

11Métodos e limites

Classifying and qualifying evidence.

  1. 01

    Tipo de fonte

    The label records how the evidence was produced, separately from any judgement of quality.

  2. 02

    Reliance limits

    Each record states the uses it can and cannot support, such as the geographic scale or period for which it holds.

  3. 03

    Confidence

    Where a method yields uncertainty, the record carries it, drawing on statistical practice from the STEM Commons. See engenharia, interoperabilidade e curadoria de dados for the data side.

  4. 04

    Limites

    Any classification simplifies. Mixed evidence needs the most cautious label of its parts, which can understate strong findings, and labels depend on honest declaration by issuers.

12Métodos

Como é estudado e o que os métodos não podem dizer.

  1. Engenharia, interoperabilidade e gestão responsável de dadosIngestão validada por esquema · Reconciliação de identificadores persistentes · Captura de linhagem nos pipelinesAplicado aqui
  2. Cibersegurança e criptografiaHistórico de registros à prova de adulteração · Exportações e versões assinadas · Modelagem de ameaças dos caminhos de ediçãoAplicado aqui
  3. Identidade digital e sistemas digitais públicosAutenticação e autoridade do emissor · Desambiguação de colaboradores pela própria pessoaAplicado aqui
13Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Os organismos e documentos à luz dos quais esta página é lida. O estado e as edições mudam; cada ligação leva ao organismo emissor.

14Perguntas

Perguntas e respostas.

Is a declared assertion worthless?
No. A declaration is the issuer’s own statement, and for some facts, such as an owner’s intent, it is the right evidence. It is labelled so readers know it has not been independently checked.
Why can confidence words mislead?
Because likely or high confidence mean different things across fields. Stating the basis, such as the agreement of independent sources, lets readers judge the word for themselves.
Can an assertion’s class change?
Yes. New evidence, review or correction can raise or lower it. Each change is recorded with its reason, and the earlier class stays visible in the record’s history.
Why are many citations not many sources?
Because several records can repeat one upstream source. The provenance graph shows whether supporting records are independent or share an origin, which matters more than their count.
Is “published statistics” a stronger label than Modelled?
It names a different source, not a ranking. A published figure can be revised, and a model can be well validated. The record states the limits of each.
Why keep an Unknown label?
Because pretending to know a source is worse than saying it is unknown. An Unknown label tells readers to treat the evidence with care.
Can a record carry more than one label?
A composite record states the label of each part, and its headline label is the most cautious one.
RelatóriosContribuir

Contribua com evidências a partir desta página.

Relatórios is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRIRegistroMethods and Technical
Registro

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