GCRI · Registry

Evidenzklassen

Not all evidence carries the same weight. A peer-reviewed trial, a published statistic, a model output, a press statement and an owner’s own declaration can all support the same sentence, yet each warrants a different degree of reliance. Evidence classes make that difference visible. This page sets out how records are classed by evidence type, how confidence is stated, how reliance limits are set, and why claims drift beyond what their evidence supports.

02Die Frage

Evidence classes: how the risk develops.

Evidence type, reliance limits and confidence. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mechanismus

Class collapse

When observed, modelled, reported and declared evidence share one field with no label, a reader cannot tell a measurement from a projection or a self-assessment. The weakest source then borrows the authority of the strongest.

Mechanismus

Claim creep

A finding moves from a cautious report to an abstract, a summary and a headline, losing qualifiers at each step. The claim widens while its evidence stays the same, until it exceeds what any source supports.

Mechanismus

Single-source dependence

Many records rest on one upstream source cited by several intermediaries. Counting the intermediaries makes the evidence look plural and independent when it is one source repeated.

Mechanismus

Confidence without basis

A confidence word such as likely or high is attached without saying what it rests on. Readers in different fields interpret the word differently, so one label carries different meanings to an editor, a funder and a court.

03Monitoring

Eintragsbuch.

Die Ansicht, die ein Team nutzen würde, um dieses Thema zu verfolgen: seine Messgrößen, Zustände und Entscheidungen. Namen sind Beispiele, Werte sind illustrativ.

Eintragsbuch

Evidence classes · Registry · Ledger head 3142470

  • Registrierte Einträge
    5701
  • Vollständige Herkunft, % der Einträge
    92Normal
  • Offene Korrekturen
    10Beobachtung
  • Rechteklärungen ausstehend
    4Info
Integritätsprüfung bestandenGCRI · Registry

Neueste Einträge

NX-R-12221Programmstatusv24472615Registriert
NX-P-88287Veröffentlichungv31324692Registriert
NX-E-72567Evidenzaktev44410118Korrektur offen
NX-C-27773Mitwirkungv17438493Rechteklärung ausstehend

Versionsverlauf

  1. v1NEWMit Quellen registriert
  2. v2FIXEinheit korrigiert, Grund festgehalten
  3. v3OPENKorrektur beantragt
Record ledger: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Evidence classes.Beispielnamen und beispielhafte Werte; ein Entwurf, kein Eintrag und kein Live-System.
04In the five domains

Evidence classes mean the same thing in every domain.

05Methoden und Evidenz

How evidence classes is modelled, measured and tested.

Das Modell, seine Annahmen, seine Daten und seine Unsicherheit in der Form, in der eine Wissenschaftlerin oder ein Ingenieur sie prüfen würde. Die Strukturen folgen veröffentlichten Methoden. Die dargestellten Werte sind illustrativ, keine Befunde.

Datensätze und Herkunft

The data classes behind evidence classes and what is recorded about each before it is used.

DatenklasseHerkunft erfasstAuflösung angegebenLizenz geprüft
Satellitenbilder, optisch und RadarSensor, Verarbeitungsstufe, AufnahmedatumPixelgröße und Wiederholratepro Szene
Reanalysen und KlimamodellausgabenModell, Experiment, Member, VersionGitter und Zeitschrittje Veröffentlichung
In-situ-Sensoren und PegelStation, Instrument, KalibrierprotokollMesspunkt und Abtastrateje Netz
Exposition von Bevölkerung und AnlagenMethode, Jahrgang, EingangsquellenZellgröße und Einheitje Veröffentlichung
Grenzen und ReferenzgeografieHersteller, Ausgabe, DatumSkalaje Ausgabe
Herkunftskette
W3C-PROV-Eintrag von der Quelle zur Abbildung
Grundsätze
FAIR: auffindbar, zugänglich, interoperabel, wiederverwendbar
Lücken
als fehlend angezeigt, nie stillschweigend ergänzt
Datenklassen und die für jede erfassten Herkunftsfelder; ein Datensatz wird erst dann namentlich aufgeführt, wenn seine Lizenz die Nutzung zulässt.
FAIR-Leitprinzipien · GO FAIR und FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumHinweise zur einheitlichen Behandlung von Unsicherheiten · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
06Indikatoren

Was gemessen wird und wie gut.

Jeder Indikator trägt seine Einheit, seinen Rhythmus, die Art der zugrunde liegenden Quelle und die Evidenzkennzeichnung, die ein Wert tragen würde. Es werden keine Werte gezeigt: Ein Programm liefert sie unter seiner eigenen Autorität.

IndikatorEinheitTaktQuellentypKennzeichnung
Assertions with an evidence classshare of assertionsmonatlichSchema validationBEOBACHTET
Assertions by evidence classcount by classvierteljährlichRegistry recordsBEOBACHTET
Assertions resting on a single sourceshare of assertionsvierteljährlichProvenance graphBEOBACHTET
Confidence statements with a stated basisshare of confidence statementsvierteljährlichCuration reviewBEOBACHTET
Class reassignments after reviewAnzahlvierteljährlichReview recordsBEOBACHTET
Agreement between independent classifiersagreement coefficientper auditDouble-coding auditGESCHÄTZT
Claims exceeding their evidence classAnzahlmonatlichClaim-to-evidence auditBEOBACHTET
07Quellen

Woher die Evidenz stammt.

Benannte öffentliche Datensätze und institutionelle Aufzeichnungen, jeweils mit ihrer Lizenzklasse. Quellen auf Vereinbarungsbasis werden nur zu ihren Bedingungen genutzt und niemals weiterveröffentlicht.

QuelleWas es liefertLizenzklasse
GRADE handbookA method for rating the certainty of evidence and the strength of recommendationsFree to read, GRADE Working Group terms
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of InterventionsMethods for assessing risk of bias and synthesising evidenceFree to read online, Cochrane copyright
IPCC-Leitfaden zum einheitlichen Umgang mit UnsicherheitenKalibrierte Sprache für Konfidenz und Wahrscheinlichkeit in BewertungenFree to read, IPCC terms
Evidence and Conclusion Ontology (ECO)A controlled vocabulary of evidence types used in scientific curationOpen ontology, free to reuse
Oxford CEBM levels of evidenceA hierarchy of evidence types for clinical questionsFree to read, attribution
Campbell Collaboration methods guidanceMethods for evidence synthesis in social and economic policyFree to read, Campbell terms
08Entscheidungen

Wer entscheidet und wozu die Evidenz dient.

Registry prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Wer entscheidetDie FrageEvidenz, der diese Seite dient
Guideline panels and systematic reviewersHow much weight an assertion can bear in a recommendationEvidence class, certainty rating and independence of the sources behind it
Funders and assessment panelsWhether reported outcomes are evidenced or only declaredClass labels separating observed outcomes from self-reported and planned ones
Journal editorsWhether a manuscript’s claims match the class of evidence it citesEvidence class of each cited record and any single-source dependence
Regulators and public bodiesWhether evidence is strong enough to justify a rule or an interventionClass, confidence basis and reliance limits for each supporting record

Ergebnisse, die dieses Thema hervorbringt

  • An evidence class assigned to each assertion and carried into every view and export
  • A glossary of classes stating what each supports and what it does not
  • Reliance notes marking assertions that rest on a single source
  • Confidence statements with their stated basis and the reviewer who set them
09Kernfragen

What experts ask about evidence types.

  • How should a classification separate the source of a claim from its reliability?
  • How can a label survive aggregation, when estimates are mixed with observations?
  • How should confidence be communicated to non-specialists without misleading them?
  • When is a scenario mistaken for a forecast, and how is that prevented?
  • What should a record say when the evidence type is unknown?
10Mechanismen

How evidence loses its label.

Evidence is most often misused not because it is wrong but because it is read as something it is not. A modelled estimate printed in a table beside published statistics acquires their apparent authority. A scenario designed to explore a possibility is quoted as a prediction. Assessment bodies in climate science, public health and statistics have each developed calibrated language for confidence and likelihood for this reason.

The Registry uses the evidence labels shared across the programme: Observed, Published statistics, Institution-reported, Estimated, Modelled, Forecast, Scenario, Expert judgement and Unknown. A label names a source type. “Published statistics” means published by the responsible agency; it is not a claim of endorsement. Estimates stay labelled as estimates and never replace published figures.

11Methoden und Grenzen

Classifying and qualifying evidence.

  1. 01

    Quellentyp

    The label records how the evidence was produced, separately from any judgement of quality.

  2. 02

    Reliance limits

    Each record states the uses it can and cannot support, such as the geographic scale or period for which it holds.

  3. 03

    Confidence

    Where a method yields uncertainty, the record carries it, drawing on statistical practice from the STEM Commons. See Datentechnik, Interoperabilität und Datenverwaltung for the data side.

  4. 04

    Grenzen

    Any classification simplifies. Mixed evidence needs the most cautious label of its parts, which can understate strong findings, and labels depend on honest declaration by issuers.

12Methoden

Wie es untersucht wird und was die Methoden nicht sagen können.

  1. Datentechnik, Interoperabilität und DatenverantwortungSchemavalidiertes Einlesen · Abgleich persistenter Identifikatoren · Erfassung der Herkunftskette in PipelinesHier angewandt
  2. Cybersicherheit und KryptografieManipulationssichere Änderungshistorie · Signierte Exporte und Freigaben · Bedrohungsmodellierung der BearbeitungswegeHier angewandt
  3. Digitale Identität und öffentliche digitale SystemeAuthentifizierung und Befugnis des Ausstellers · Eindeutige Zuordnung von Beitragenden durch die Person selbstHier angewandt
13Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Die Gremien und Dokumente, vor deren Hintergrund diese Seite gelesen wird. Status und Ausgaben ändern sich; jeder Link führt zur herausgebenden Stelle.

14Fragen

Fragen und Antworten.

Is a declared assertion worthless?
No. A declaration is the issuer’s own statement, and for some facts, such as an owner’s intent, it is the right evidence. It is labelled so readers know it has not been independently checked.
Why can confidence words mislead?
Because likely or high confidence mean different things across fields. Stating the basis, such as the agreement of independent sources, lets readers judge the word for themselves.
Can an assertion’s class change?
Yes. New evidence, review or correction can raise or lower it. Each change is recorded with its reason, and the earlier class stays visible in the record’s history.
Why are many citations not many sources?
Because several records can repeat one upstream source. The provenance graph shows whether supporting records are independent or share an origin, which matters more than their count.
Is “published statistics” a stronger label than Modelled?
It names a different source, not a ranking. A published figure can be revised, and a model can be well validated. The record states the limits of each.
Why keep an Unknown label?
Because pretending to know a source is worse than saying it is unknown. An Unknown label tells readers to treat the evidence with care.
Can a record carry more than one label?
A composite record states the label of each part, and its headline label is the most cautious one.
BerichteBeitragen

Evidenz von dieser Seite aus beitragen.

Berichte is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

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