GCRI · ثبت‌خانه
ردهٔ شواهد
Not all evidence carries the same weight. A peer-reviewed trial, a published statistic, a model output, a press statement and an owner’s own declaration can all support the same sentence, yet each warrants a different degree of reliance. Evidence classes make that difference visible. This page sets out how records are classed by evidence type, how confidence is stated, how reliance limits are set, and why claims drift beyond what their evidence supports.
Evidence classes on the record.
Evidence classes: how the risk develops.
Evidence type, reliance limits and confidence. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.
Class collapse
When observed, modelled, reported and declared evidence share one field with no label, a reader cannot tell a measurement from a projection or a self-assessment. The weakest source then borrows the authority of the strongest.
Claim creep
A finding moves from a cautious report to an abstract, a summary and a headline, losing qualifiers at each step. The claim widens while its evidence stays the same, until it exceeds what any source supports.
Single-source dependence
Many records rest on one upstream source cited by several intermediaries. Counting the intermediaries makes the evidence look plural and independent when it is one source repeated.
Confidence without basis
A confidence word such as likely or high is attached without saying what it rests on. Readers in different fields interpret the word differently, so one label carries different meanings to an editor, a funder and a court.
دفتر ثبت رکوردها.
The screen a team would use to follow this subject: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.
دفتر سوابق
Evidence classes · Registry · Ledger head 3142470
- سابقه‌های ثبت‌شده5701
- خاستگاه کامل، درصد رکوردها92عادی
- اصلاحیه‌های باز10پایش
- حقوق نگه می‌دارد4اطلاعات
آخرین سوابق
| NX-R-12221 | وضعیت برنامه | v2 | 4472615 | ثبت‌شده |
| NX-P-88287 | انتشار | v3 | 1324692 | ثبت‌شده |
| NX-E-72567 | سابقهٔ شواهد | v4 | 4410118 | اصلاحیه باز |
| NX-C-27773 | مشارکت | v1 | 7438493 | نگهداشت حقوق |
تاریخچهٔ نسخه‌ها
- v1NEWثبت‌شده با منابع
- v2FIXواحد اصلاح شد، دلیل ثبت شد
- v3OPENاصلاح درخواست شد
Evidence classes mean the same thing in every domain.
- آبIn practiceA flood extent from radar is estimated, not observed.What a reader can checkLabel with each map
- انرژیIn practiceA capacity projection is a scenario.What a reader can checkScenario label
- سلامتIn practiceCase counts are published statistics with reporting lags.What a reader can checkLag stated
Labels follow the IPCC uncertainty guidance (2010) in spirit and apply to every series in گزارش‌ها. The proposed Nexus Standards would carry the label in each record’s metadata.
- Cases where a label was misapplied.
- Proposals to refine a class.
How evidence classes is modelled, measured and tested.
مدل، مفروضات، داده‌ها و عدم قطعیت آن، به شکلی که دانشمند یا مهندس بررسی می‌کند. ساختارها از روش‌های منتشرشده پیروی می‌کنند. مقادیر ترسیم‌شده تبیینی‌اند، نه یافته.
مجموعه‌داده‌ها و خاستگاه
The data classes behind evidence classes and what is recorded about each before it is used.
| طبقهٔ داده | خاستگاه ثبت شد | وضوح اعلام‌شده | پروانه بررسی شد |
|---|---|---|---|
| تصاویر ماهواره‌ای، نوری و راداری | حسگر، سطح پردازش، تاریخ برداشت | اندازهٔ پیکسل و بازدید مجدد | به‌ازای هر صحنه |
| بازتحلیل و خروجی مدل اقلیمی | مدل، آزمایش، عضو، نسخه | شبکه و گام زمانی | به‌ازای هر انتشار |
| حسگرها و سنجه‌های درجا | ایستگاه، ابزار، سابقهٔ واسنجی | نقطه و نرخ نمونه‌برداری | به‌ازای هر شبکه |
| مواجهه جمعیت و دارایی | روش، سال تولید، منابع ورودی | اندازهٔ سلول و یکا | به‌ازای هر انتشار |
| مرزها و جغرافیای مرجع | تولیدکننده، ویراست، تاریخ | مقیاس | به‌ازای هر ویراست |
- تبارنامه
- سابقهٔ W3C PROV از منبع تا شکل
- اصول
- FAIR: یافتنی، دسترس‌پذیر، هم‌کنش‌پذیر، بازاستفاده‌پذیر
- شکاف‌ها
- به‌صورت ناموجود نشان داده می‌شود، هرگز بی‌صدا پر نمی‌شود
What is measured, and how well.
Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.
| Indicator | Unit | Cadence | Source type | برچسب |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assertions with an evidence class | share of assertions | monthly | Schema validation | مشاهده‌شده |
| Assertions by evidence class | count by class | quarterly | Registry records | مشاهده‌شده |
| Assertions resting on a single source | share of assertions | quarterly | Provenance graph | مشاهده‌شده |
| Confidence statements with a stated basis | share of confidence statements | quarterly | Curation review | مشاهده‌شده |
| Class reassignments after review | count | quarterly | Review records | مشاهده‌شده |
| Agreement between independent classifiers | agreement coefficient | per audit | Double-coding audit | برآوردشده |
| Claims exceeding their evidence class | count | monthly | Claim-to-evidence audit | مشاهده‌شده |
Where the evidence comes from.
Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.
| منبع | What it gives | Licence class |
|---|---|---|
| GRADE handbook | A method for rating the certainty of evidence and the strength of recommendations | Free to read, GRADE Working Group terms |
| Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions | Methods for assessing risk of bias and synthesising evidence | Free to read online, Cochrane copyright |
| یادداشت راهنمای IPCC دربارهٔ برخورد یکسان با عدم قطعیت‌ها | زبان واسنجی‌شده برای اطمینان و احتمال در ارزیابی‌ها | Free to read, IPCC terms |
| Evidence and Conclusion Ontology (ECO) | A controlled vocabulary of evidence types used in scientific curation | Open ontology, free to reuse |
| Oxford CEBM levels of evidence | A hierarchy of evidence types for clinical questions | Free to read, attribution |
| Campbell Collaboration methods guidance | Methods for evidence synthesis in social and economic policy | Free to read, Campbell terms |
Who decides, and what the evidence serves.
Registry prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.
| چه کسی تصمیم می‌گیرد | The question | Evidence this page serves |
|---|---|---|
| Guideline panels and systematic reviewers | How much weight an assertion can bear in a recommendation | Evidence class, certainty rating and independence of the sources behind it |
| Funders and assessment panels | Whether reported outcomes are evidenced or only declared | Class labels separating observed outcomes from self-reported and planned ones |
| Journal editors | Whether a manuscript’s claims match the class of evidence it cites | Evidence class of each cited record and any single-source dependence |
| Regulators and public bodies | Whether evidence is strong enough to justify a rule or an intervention | Class, confidence basis and reliance limits for each supporting record |
Outputs this topic produces
- An evidence class assigned to each assertion and carried into every view and export
- A glossary of classes stating what each supports and what it does not
- Reliance notes marking assertions that rest on a single source
- Confidence statements with their stated basis and the reviewer who set them
What experts ask about evidence types.
- How should a classification separate the source of a claim from its reliability?
- How can a label survive aggregation, when estimates are mixed with observations?
- How should confidence be communicated to non-specialists without misleading them?
- When is a scenario mistaken for a forecast, and how is that prevented?
- What should a record say when the evidence type is unknown?
How evidence loses its label.
Evidence is most often misused not because it is wrong but because it is read as something it is not. A modelled estimate printed in a table beside published statistics acquires their apparent authority. A scenario designed to explore a possibility is quoted as a prediction. Assessment bodies in climate science, public health and statistics have each developed calibrated language for confidence and likelihood for this reason.
The Registry uses the evidence labels shared across the programme: Observed, Published statistics, Institution-reported, Estimated, Modelled, Forecast, Scenario, Expert judgement and Unknown. A label names a source type. “Published statistics” means published by the responsible agency; it is not a claim of endorsement. Estimates stay labelled as estimates and never replace published figures.
Classifying and qualifying evidence.
- 01
Source type
The label records how the evidence was produced, separately from any judgement of quality.
- 02
Reliance limits
Each record states the uses it can and cannot support, such as the geographic scale or period for which it holds.
- 03
Confidence
Where a method yields uncertainty, the record carries it, drawing on statistical practice from the STEM Commons. See مهندسی داده، هم‌کنش‌پذیری و متولی‌گری for the data side.
- 04
محدودیت‌ها
Any classification simplifies. Mixed evidence needs the most cautious label of its parts, which can understate strong findings, and labels depend on honest declaration by issuers.
How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.
- 01مهندسی داده، هم‌کنشی‌پذیری و تولیتSchema-validated ingestion · Persistent identifier reconciliation · Lineage capture in pipelinesApplied here
- 02امنیت سایبری و رمزنگاریTamper-evident record history · Signed exports and releases · Threat modelling of edit pathsApplied here
- 03هویت دیجیتال و نظام‌های دیجیتال عمومیIssuer authentication and authority · Contributor disambiguation by the personApplied here
Where this page’s references lead.
نهادها و اسنادی که این صفحه بر پایهٔ آن‌ها خوانده می‌شود. وضعیت و ویراست‌ها تغییر می‌کنند؛ هر پیوند به نهاد صادرکننده می‌رود.
پرسش و پاسخ.
Is a declared assertion worthless?
Why can confidence words mislead?
Can an assertion’s class change?
Why are many citations not many sources?
Is “published statistics” a stronger label than Modelled?
Why keep an Unknown label?
Can a record carry more than one label?
شواهد را از همین صفحه ارسال کنید.
گزارش‌ها is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
- ایمیلدرگاه GW-GCRIاز همین صفحه ارسال کنیدشواهد، یک اصلاحیه، یک مورد، یک روش، یک داوری، یک ترجمه یا ورودی نمایه. با برچسب این صفحه میرسد تا ویراستار مسئول آن را دریافت کند.
- Zenodoسپردهٔ بازآن را واگذار کنید و به جامعه ارائه دهیدسابقهٔ خود را با شناسهٔ ORCID خود در Zenodo منتشر کنید و سپس آن را در همانجا به جامعهٔ Reports ارسال کنید. گزینشگران آن را داوری می‌کنند؛ DOI از آنِ شما میماند.
- گزارش‌هاGCRIهمهٔ راههای مشارکت را ببینیدانواع مشارکت، نحوهٔ بررسی هر یک، اعتباری که دریافت میکنید، مجوز و آنچه هرگز پذیرفته نمی‌شود.
هرگز داده شخصی، جزئیات حساس زیرساخت یا چیزی را که حق اشتراکش را ندارید نفرستید. هر مشارکت پیش از استفاده داوری می‌شود؛ ارسال آن حق مؤلفی یا ویرایشی نمی‌دهد و حمایت مالی هرگز یافته‌ای را نمی‌خرد.
یک روش، یک مجموعه‌داده یا یک پرسش بیاورید.
اطلاعات و درخواست‌ها امروز باز است. هر درخواست یک شمارهٔ پیگیری می‌گیرد و گام بعدی را مشخص می‌کند؛ درخواست‌های عضویت، پرداخت‌ها، تخصیص رایانش و ثبت‌نام‌ها تنها زمانی باز می‌شوند که تیم، شرایط و ظرفیت داوری آن‌ها فراهم باشد.
اسناد حقوقی.
نقشه‌ها، داده‌ها و ارقام این سایت برای زمینه و اطلاعات عمومی نشان داده می‌شوند. توصیه، پیش‌بینی یا هشدار نیستند؛ حدود این اطلاعات در سلب مسئولیت‌ها و اعلامیه‌های داده بیان شده است.