Draft, not yet released. In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.

Data appendix

The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.

8 min read0 figures8 tables12 notesNR-SECTOR-ENERGY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE

Contents
  1. ·Edition home
  2. ·Executive summary
  3. 1Energy is where the systems meet
  4. 2Key findings
  5. 3Systems and sectors at baseline
  6. 4Risks and capability
  7. 5Fuel supply shock under a hot, high-demand season
  8. 6Readings from the other desks
  9. 7The 2027 agenda
  10. 8Systems in depth
  11. AMethodology
  12. BData appendix
    1. B.1 The indicator set
    2. B.2 Global source register
    3. B.3 Regional reading: energy across ten clusters
    4. B.4 Grid card: Continental Europe synchronous area
    5. B.5 How countries appear in the energy edition
    6. B.6 Licences
    7. B.7 Formats and provenance
  13. CReferences and record
  14. ·Complete edition, for print

B.1The indicator set

Table B.1Global baseline indicator set
IndicatorValueUnitYearStateSource
Growth in global energy demand1.3%2025Reported2
Growth in electricity demand≈3%2025Reported2
Growth in electricity demand (Ember)2.8%2025Reported7
Solar generation2,778TWh2025Reported7
Renewables share of generation33.8%2025Reported7
Coal share of generation33.0%2025Reported7
Fossil generation change−38TWh2025Reported7
Renewable capacity added (IEA)800GW2025Reported2
Battery storage added≈110GW2025Reported2
Energy-related CO2>38Gt2025Reported2
Global energy investment3.4USD trillion2026eReported1
Electricity supply and infrastructure investment1.6USD trillion2026eReported1
Data-centre electricity415TWh2024Reported4
Data-centre electricity, base case945TWh2030Scenario4
People without electricity655million2024Reported8
People cooking with polluting fuels2.0billion2024Reported8
Top refiner share, key minerals excluding rare earths72%2025Reported3
Brent, fourth-quarter 2026 (forecast)91USD a barrel2026Scenario47
Indicators, CSVIndicators, JSON

B.2Global source register

The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.

Domains bound by the register

  • ENE
  • CLI
  • FIN
  • HLT
  • MIN
  • INF
  • AIC
  • TRD
  • WAT
  • FOO
Table B.3Global source register
SourceCategoryCoveragePeriodCadenceRole
IEA Global Energy Review 20262intergovernmental agencyglobal2025annualdemand, emissions
IEA World Energy Investment 20261intergovernmental agencyglobal2026eannualinvestment
IEA Critical Minerals Outlook 20263intergovernmental agencyglobal2025annualminerals
IEA Energy and AI4intergovernmental agencyglobal2024one-offdata centres
IEA Gas Market Report5intergovernmental agencyglobal2025quarterlygas, LNG
Ember Global Electricity Review7think tank, open dataglobal2025annualgeneration
SDG 7 Extended Report8UN agenciesglobal2024annualaccess
ENTSO-E blackout report9operators’ associationContinental Europe2025one-offgrid failure
EIA Short-Term Energy Outlook47national statistics agencyUS and global2026monthlyprices, flows
EIA Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 202610national statistics agencyUS and global2026monthlypost-close, context only
IRENA capacity statistics14intergovernmental agencyglobal2025annualcapacity

B.3Regional reading: energy across ten clusters

Map plates follow with the regional Baseline Editions, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form and ranks no region.

Table B.4Regional reading: energy across ten clusters
RegionPrincipal hazardsSystems most exposedBaseline evidence
North Americadata-centre load; winter cold; gas-to-coal switchingpower, gas, industryUS energy demand and coal use2
South Americahydropower dependence in dry yearspower, citiesregional statistics (not bound)
Europegas import dependence; grid stabilitypower, heating, industryblackout report9; solar and wind 30% of EU generation2
Eurasiaexport flows and sanctionsgas, oilIEA gas report5
Middle East and North AfricaHormuz and LNG exposureoil, gas, aluminium, sulphurminerals outlook3; EIA47
Africaaccess gaps; clean cookinghouseholds, healthSDG 78
South Asiaimport dependence; monsoon and heatpower, fertiliserIEA Global Energy Review2
East AsiaLNG and oil import dependence; clean-tech supplypower, industrycritical minerals3
ASEANrising demand; LNG importspower, citiesIEA gas report5
Oceania-Pacificsmall island fuel imports; export mineralspower, portsregional statistics (not bound)

B.4Grid card: Continental Europe synchronous area

  • grid
  • synchronous
  • interconnected
  • cross-border
Systems in view
power, heating, industry, cities
Defining events
blackout in Spain and Portugal on 28 April 20259
Couplings
ENE → HLT outages; ENE → INF voltage; ENE → FIN prices
Capability evidence
restoration and a published expert final report9
Gaps
cross-border flow detail; reactive power coverage
Agenda items
E-01 · E-02

The final report names gaps in voltage and reactive power control and differences in practice across areas as interacting factors [9].

GRID

Voltage control

A synchronous grid shares its stability across borders, so a local failure can propagate.

SECURITY

Interdependence

The report is an expert analysis of causes and recommendations, not an attribution of liability [9].

LEARNING

Public final report

B.5How countries appear in the energy edition

Countries enter the energy edition through the energy chapters of their own national editions, on one card grammar. They are read against peer distributions and thresholds, never ranked.

Table B.5How countries appear in the energy edition
Card fieldWhat it showsSource
WEFH+B stateeach core system against peer distribution bandsnational edition
Couplingsthe national dependency matrixnational edition
Risk objectsthe national risk portfolionational edition
Capability rungsthe national capability laddernational edition
Evidence ageoldest and newest source datesnational source register

Editions in the 2026 Baseline programme

26national

countries and unions

10regional

clusters

16global

flagship and sector

14strategic

systems reports

20frontier

technology reports

How to read a country card

  • Each system is shown against the distribution of its peers, with thresholds where they exist
  • Couplings and risk objects come from the country’s own national edition
  • Capability rungs record evidence, not a judgement of institutions
  • Evidence age is printed, so older national data are visible as such
Table B.6National Baseline Editions in the 2026 programme
WaveCountries and unionsState
W0CanadaISSUED
W1United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, European Union, SwitzerlandPLANNED
W2Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Türkiye, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Senegal, Kenya, African Union, India, China, Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Singapore, AustraliaPLANNED

B.6Licences

Table B.7Licences of each kind of material
MaterialLicence
TextCC BY 4.0
Dataon the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0
FiguresNexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited
Mapsboundary source and licence printed on each plate
MetadataCC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it
Third-party data, figures and textThe source’s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed
Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.

B.7Formats and provenance

Table B.8This edition in every format
FormatKindStateWhat it isIdentifier
Web editionHTMLOn this siteDraft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.NR-SECTOR-ENERGY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Print editionPDFAt releaseA4 portrait · screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.NR-SECTOR-ENERGY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Indicator dataCSV · JSONOn this site18 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.NR-SECTOR-ENERGY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE data release v1
FiguresSVG · PNGOn this site4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.FIG-SECTOR-ENERGY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-*
SlidesPDFNot recordedNo slide deck is recorded for this edition.
Evidence briefHTML · PDFNot recordedNo evidence brief is recorded for this edition.
Dataset with DOIDataCiteAt releaseConcept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.

Provenance

Edition pack
The edition’s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built
Evidence cut
DC-SECTOR-ENERGY-GLOBAL-2026-B0, closed 30 September 2026
Reproducibility
sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters
Self-check
14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release
Review
five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)
Publisher of record
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium
Corrections
Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version

Notes

Numbers are the edition’s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. Annex C, references

  1. 2IEA (ed.), Global Energy Review 2026 (revised version, May 2026). International Energy Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  2. 7Ember (ed.), Global Electricity Review 2026: 2025 in review (generation, demand, solar, coal). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  3. 1IEA (ed.), World Energy Investment 2026, launch presentation, Paris, 28 May 2026. International Energy Agency, Paris. Observation year 2026 (estimates, with 2025 data). Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  4. 4IEA (ed.), Energy and AI (World Energy Outlook Special Report). International Energy Agency, Paris, April 2025. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  5. 8UN DESA Statistics Division (ed.), The Sustainable Development Goals Extended Report 2026, Goal 7 indicator storylines (inputs as of 30 April 2026). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  6. 3IEA (ed.), Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2026 (revised version, July 2026). International Energy Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  7. 47US Energy Information Administration (ed.), Short-Term Energy Outlook, September 2026 (Brent about USD 91 a barrel in the fourth quarter of 2026; Middle East oil flows assumed constrained through the fourth quarter of 2026). EIA, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  8. 15UNVERIFIED, not opened: Energy Institute (ed.), Statistical Review of World Energy 2026 (75th edition; fossil fuels about 86% of primary energy, hydropower 2.7%, electricity demand up 3%); values taken from a trade-press summary that was opened, not from the Review. Energy Institute, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  9. 5IEA (ed.), Gas 2025: Analysis and forecasts to 2030 (Gas Market Report, Q4-2025). International Energy Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  10. 9ENTSO-E (ed.), 28 April 2025 Iberian blackout: final report of the expert panel (publication page; report dated 20 March 2026). ENTSO-E, Brussels. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  11. 10POST-CLOSE, context only: US Energy Information Administration (ed.), Short-Term Energy Outlook, October 2026 (released 6 October 2026, after the 30 September evidence close; post-close, context only, supports no baseline claim). EIA, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  12. 14UNVERIFIED, not opened: IRENA (ed.), Renewable Capacity Statistics 2026 (about 692 GW added in 2025; 5,149 GW total), taken from search-result summaries; the page returned an access error. International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back

Cite this annex

Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Annex B: Data appendix. In Global Energy Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of the World’s Energy System. (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-SECTOR-ENERGY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI).

Every citation form of the whole report, BibTeX and RIS included, is on the edition home. Cite this report

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Sector signature

The sectors behind Global Energy.

A reading aid: the sectors the findings run through and how strongly they depend on each other.

Select corners · hover lines6 / 15 relations

Signature

Energy and its partners

Energy gives power for transport and telecoms to infrastructure (0.8), pumping and treatment to water (0.5) and fertiliser, machinery and cold chains to food (0.5).

W · E · I · F · H · B

Sectors
4 of 6
Relations
6 of 15
Coupling
0.46 share of total

Strongest relations in play

  • Energy → Infrastructure · power for transport and telecoms0.8
  • Water → Energy · cooling water and hydropower0.6
  • Water → Food · irrigation0.8
  • Infrastructure → Water · pipes, dams and treatment works0.6
Teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements for any place. Coupling is the summed strength of the relations in play, as a share of all fifteen.
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