GCRI · Advanced Industry and Robotics

Advanced Industry and Robotics

Industrial innovation, automation, robotics and process resilience in changing production systems. Advanced Industry and Robotics is an established platform of The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation.

STEM methods
8
Canonical methods this field applies
Topics
9
Subject pages in the field
Counterparts
2
Platforms in shared fields across the network
Report series
2
Reports series it contributes to
01Canvas

How the work runs.

Systems · around this subjectIllustrative

Plant operations and safety

Plant 3 · Shift 3

  • OEE, % of planned
    773Watch
  • Safety-critical alarms active
    0Alert
  • Robot cell stops this shift
    4
  • Energy per unit
    2.0kWhNormal
Safety-critical alarm shelvedGCRI · Advanced Industry and Robotics

Barriers

layers of protection

High-pressure tripSISQ3Healthy
Relief valve RV-12MechanicalQ2Healthy
Gas detection zone 4DetectionQ2Bypassed
Robot cell light curtainSafeguardQ3Healthy

Reactor pressure

Plant operations and safety: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Plant 3.Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.

Fig.Plant operations and safety: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.

02Coverage

The areas of industry and robotics this platform takes on.

Advanced Industry and Robotics studies how production is changing and what can go wrong: automation and robots on the factory floor, process safety in plants that handle hazardous materials, new materials and manufacturing methods, the changing relationship between people and machines, industrial energy and water, the cyber resilience of operations, how firms adopt technology, and the circular economy. Its pages set out standards, measures and evidence for each, with every value labelled and every limit stated. Operators, regulators and social partners decide.

Area

Industrial automation

Control systems, sensors and software that run production lines and continuous processes.

Area

Industrial robotics

Robots and collaborative robots in manufacturing, logistics and inspection, and their safety.

Area

Industrial process safety

Preventing fires, explosions and toxic releases in plants that handle hazardous substances.

Area

Materials and manufacturing

New materials, additive manufacturing and the quality systems that make production reliable.

Area

Human-machine work

How automation changes tasks, skills, safety and the quality of industrial jobs.

Area

Industrial energy and water

Energy, heat and water use in industry, and how efficiency and electrification change them.

Area

Industrial cyber resilience

Security of operational technology and the continuity of production when systems are attacked.

Area

Circular economy and pollution

Reuse, recycling and pollution control that reduce industry’s material and environmental footprint.

03Simulator

A shock through an input-output economy.

A loss of output in one sector propagates through the technical coefficients to its suppliers and customers, and recovers at the rate you set; the coefficients are teaching values, not national accounts. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows Germany; the model itself is not tied to a place.

Controls

Sector hit first (position in the list)
0
Size of the shock
30% of its output
Duration of the shock
30 days
Recovery rate
0.08 per day
Days simulated
180 days

Readouts

Output lost over the run
0.72% of a year’s output
Total over direct (multiplier)
1.58 times
Most affected other sector
Services
Its peak inoperability
3.3%
Numbers, methods and sources
SectorPeak inoperability (%)Output weight (%)
Agriculture29.4119.0
Energy1.1919.3
Manufacturing2.1713.9
Transport and ports0.679.6
Trade1.3217.2
Services3.2821.0

Methods

  1. Input-output analysis Leontief (1936); Miller and Blair (2009), Input-Output Analysis, Cambridge University Press
  2. Inoperability input-output model Haimes and Jiang (2001), Journal of Infrastructure Systems 7
  3. Dynamic inoperability and recovery Lian and Haimes (2006), Systems Engineering 9
  4. Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
  5. One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley

Data

The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:

  • Seaports Natural Earth
  • Maritime chokepoints Nexus (named straits and canals at their published coordinates)
  • Railways Natural Earth
  • Major roads Natural Earth
A shock through an input-output economy. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: Input-output analysis (Leontief (1936); Miller and Blair (2009), Input-Output Analysis, Cambridge University Press); Inoperability input-output model (Haimes and Jiang (2001), Journal of Infrastructure Systems 7); Dynamic inoperability and recovery (Lian and Haimes (2006), Systems Engineering 9).
05Twin and cascade simulator

Model Advanced Industry and Robotics as a system. Run the cascade.

Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile Industry and manufacturing: the hazards it names, the systems and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.

Hazards

  • Natech event
  • Dam failure
  • River flood (set off downstream)
  • Flash flood (set off downstream)
  • Mass displacement (set off downstream)
  • Chemical spill or leak (set off downstream)
  • Emergency-response overload (set off downstream)
  • Widespread power outage (set off downstream)
  • Water supply shortfall (set off downstream)
  • Toxic gas release (set off downstream)
  • Industrial fire (set off downstream)

Controls

  • NS-0 Constitution and principles
  • NS-9 Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)
  • NS-11 Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)
  • NS-12 Software, model and AI/ML artefacts (supply chain, model cards, dataset sheets)
  • NRS-H60 Hazard family: Supply-chain and flow disruption (NHS-1 sys.supply-chain)
  • NRS-H50 Hazard family: Industrial and process accidents (NHS-1 infra.industrial)
  • NRS-H109 Hazard family: Energy-transition technology failures (NHS-1 tech.energy-transition)
  • NRS-X10 Chemical, industrial, nuclear and radiological safety
  • NRS-H54 Hazard family: Signal and platform disruption (NHS-1 cyber.platform)
  • NRS-K14 Domain pack profile: Manufacturing industrial (DOMAIN-014)

Observation

  • eMARS Major Accident Reporting System (listed for reference)
  • World Development Indicators (listed for reference)
  • ILOSTAT (listed for reference)
  • Manufacturing value added as a proportion of GDP and per capita
  • CO2 emission per unit of value added
  • Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP)
  • Direct economic loss to all other damaged or destroyed productive assets attributed to disasters

Example geography

  • The Strait of Malacca: 227 hexagonal cells
  • Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day/Night Band), NASA GIBS
  • Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS
  • Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS
  • Surface soil moisture (SMAP), NASA GIBS
06Overview

What Advanced Industry and Robotics does.

Industrial automation and robotics are the control systems, robots and software that run modern production. Advanced Industry and Robotics covers automation, robotics, process safety, materials and manufacturing, human-machine work, industrial energy and water, cyber resilience, technology adoption and the circular economy. Operators, regulators and social partners decide.

Who it serves

Its community

Industrial engineers; manufacturing researchers; automation specialists; safety scientists.

How it works

Its methods

Automation assessment; process risk; industrial supply analysis.

What it produces

Its outputs

Industrial transition briefs; safe automation guides; resilience case studies.

07Methods and evidence

How Advanced Industry and Robotics is modelled, measured and tested.

The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.

System model

The couplings between the systems in Advanced Industry and Robotics: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−++IndustryWorkTradeCommunitiesEconomyR reinforcingB balancing
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.

Model, equations and assumptions

The model structure used for Advanced Industry and Robotics, the assumptions it makes and how each is tested.

Risk of element iRi = f(Hi, Ei, Vi, Ci)hazard, exposure, vulnerability and coping capacity
Expected annual lossEAL = ∑k pk · Lkover events k with annual probability pk
Coupled systemsxt+1 = A xt + B ut + εtA carries the couplings, u the shock, ε the error
AssumptionWhy it is madeHow it is tested
Hazard and exposure are independent within an eventKeeps the loss integral tractableCompare with a copula fit on joint records
Couplings are linear near the operating pointLets shocks propagate through APerturb beyond the linear range and compare
Vulnerability curves transfer between placesLocal curves are rarely availableValidate against observed losses where they exist
Inputs
versioned datasets with provenance
Outputs
distributions, never single numbers
Code
released with the model card and tests
Reproduction
same data, code, environment and seed
Standard risk and state-space formulations; the assumptions listed are typical of the method, stated for review, not results.
FAIR guiding principles · GO FAIR and FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumGuidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
08Mandate and boundaries

What Advanced Industry and Robotics studies, and who decides on the shop floor.

Advanced Industry and Robotics, studies how production is changing and what can go wrong: automation, robotics, process safety, new materials, industrial energy and water, and operational cyber resilience. Operators, regulators and social partners decide; the platform prepares evidence and assesses no product.

Plant and robot illustrations here are generic. Process safety lessons are published only with the operator’s agreement.

09Geography

Infrastructure exposure in Germany.

Night lights, population density and flood water over Germany, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.

The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.

Layers 3

Infrastructure exposure, for this page

About this layer
Evidence
Observed
Source
VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) (NASA LAADS DAAC)
Provider
NASA LAADS DAAC
Licence
NASA open data
Vintage
daily; Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere
Newest at build
2026-10-12
Resolution
about 500 m grid
Uncertainty
Satellite night-time radiance for the date shown; lights are a proxy for electricity use and outages, not a measurement of supply or access.
Reached through
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
Evidence
Estimated
Source
Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))
Provider
NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)
Licence
CC BY 4.0
Vintage
null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)
Resolution
about 1 km grid
Uncertainty
Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.
Reached through
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
Evidence
Observed (clouds leave gaps)
Source
VIIRS Global Flood Product (NASA LANCE)
Provider
NASA LANCE
Licence
NASA open data
Vintage
daily; Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps
Newest at build
2026-10-14
Resolution
about 250 m grid
Uncertainty
Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.
Reached through
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
Evidence
Observed
Source
VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)
Provider
NASA LANCE
Licence
NASA open data
Vintage
daily; Satellite image
Newest at build
2026-10-14
Resolution
about 250 m grid
Uncertainty
Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.
Reached through
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
Evidence
Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)
Source
MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)
Provider
NASA LP DAAC
Licence
NASA open data
Vintage
yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes
Newest at build
2024-01-01
Resolution
about 500 m grid
Uncertainty
Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.
Reached through
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
Evidence
Observed (clouds leave gaps)
Source
MODIS Terra EVI (NASA LANCE)
Provider
NASA LANCE
Licence
NASA open data
Vintage
daily; Satellite index; clouds leave gaps
Newest at build
2026-10-13
Resolution
about 250 m grid
Uncertainty
Satellite vegetation index for the 8 days to the date shown, a habitat condition indicator; not a measure of species or biodiversity.
Reached through
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map

Latest available

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth

Loading the latest NASA imagery.

Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.

Infrastructure exposure, framed on Germany.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.

Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · U.S. Geological Survey · NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERTSources and licences

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
  • VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA open data
  • Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
  • © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). ODbL
  • Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
  • Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.
  • Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.
  • Live: U.S. Geological Survey Events are indicative, not authority warnings.
  • Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • River discharge forecast, 30 days with range (GloFAS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Emergency Management Service information 2026; not a flood warning.
  • Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
  • Optional layers (12 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.

Layers and dates

  • Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
  • Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
  • Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Oct 2026
  • True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
  • Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC · 2024
  • Enhanced vegetation index, rolling 8 days: MODIS Terra EVI, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026

11Reports, standards and contributions

Where industrial evidence goes.

Industrial studies are designed for the Global Sector Risk and Resilience series. Operational models would carry model cards under NS-12 of the proposed Nexus Standards.

  • Process safety engineers can share lessons learned.
  • Unions and employers can propose human-machine work studies.
  • Researchers can contribute adoption evaluations.
12The problem

Production systems are tightly coupled and changing fast.

Industrial systems concentrate energy, hazardous substances and complex machinery in one place, and they are linked by just-in-time supply chains to suppliers and customers across the world. Safety science has long recognised that in tightly coupled, complex systems small failures can combine in ways no single operator foresees. Major accidents in process industries rarely have one cause: they arise from design weaknesses, degraded safeguards, maintenance backlogs, organisational pressure and missed warning signs acting together.

Automation and robotics change this picture in both directions. Well-designed automation removes people from dangerous tasks and holds processes within safe limits. It also introduces new failure modes: software errors, sensor faults, cyber intrusion into operational technology, and humans who must take over unfamiliar systems at the worst moment. Connected factories share digital dependencies, so a single compromised supplier or platform can stop many plants at once.

Consequences spread beyond the fence. An explosion or toxic release affects neighbouring communities and ecosystems; a plant outage interrupts supply chains for medicines, food or components; a shortage of one specialised input can halt whole sectors. Industry also depends on energy and water, and its emissions and waste shape pollution and climate risk. The workforce sits at the centre: how automation is introduced decides who gains skills and who loses work.

For these reasons the platform treats safety, resilience and the workforce as one subject. A production system is resilient when it can absorb a shock, keep people and neighbours safe while it does so, and recover without shifting the cost onto those least able to bear it.

13What the platform does

Evidence for safe, resilient production.

The platform is designed for industrial engineers, manufacturing researchers, automation specialists and safety scientists. Its methods are automation assessment, process risk analysis and industrial supply analysis.

Briefs

Industrial transition briefs

Evidence on how automation, materials and energy changes affect safety, work and supply.

Guides

Safe automation guides

Research-based principles for introducing robots and digital control without creating new hazards.

Cases

Resilience case studies

Documented examples of disruptions and recoveries in production systems.

GCRI does not regulate, certify, license or approve. Plant safety cases, permits and inspections remain with operators and competent authorities.

14Across the Consortium

Eight methods, two chapters and two counterparts.

The platform rests on eight methods in the STEM Commons, among them robotics and automation, process and industrial safety engineering, materials science and chemistry and systems engineering. Their industrial application is set out on the STEM foundation of Advanced Industry and Robotics. Two chapters carry focused work: Industrial and Chemical Safety and Circular Economy and Pollution.

At The Global Risks Forum (GRF), Innovation convenes institutions on responsible innovation and frontier technology governance. At The Global Risks Alliance (GRA), Private Equity Nexus builds shared industry understanding of industrial and supply exposures in privately held companies. Within GCRI, the platform works closely with Future of Work and Skills and Trade and Strategic Resources.

15Grounding

Built on named science, technology, engineering and mathematics.

Every claim on Advanced Industry and Robotics rests on methods with a canonical page in the STEM Commons, so readers can see what a finding depends on and where its limits lie.

Robotics and automationMaterials science and chemistryProcess and industrial safety engineeringSystems engineeringOptimisation and operations researchSensors, IoT and observation networksEnergy generation, storage and grid technologyWater and environmental engineering

See the STEM foundation of Advanced Industry and Robotics

16Cycle

How work moves in this field.

A question becomes evidence, a governed build, an organised community, a controlled test, a reviewed publication and, finally, a decision taken by the competent authority under its own rules.

  1. Question Universe National, regional or institutional priority. Question in Advanced Industry and Robotics
  2. Evidence Foundry STEM foundation of the platform. Evidence in Advanced Industry and Robotics
  3. Build Foundry Foundry. Build in Advanced Industry and Robotics
  4. Organise Universe Nexus ecosystem. Organise in Advanced Industry and Robotics
  5. Test Universe Universe (independent site). Test in Advanced Industry and Robotics
  6. Publish Reports Reports. Publish in Advanced Industry and Robotics
  7. Decide Competent authority Competent authorities and institutions, through NXS-RLS (participants, agreements and handoffs). Decide in Advanced Industry and Robotics
  8. Renew Universe Corrections and the next annual agenda. Renew in Advanced Industry and Robotics

Each step of the cycle in the pillar it runs in; the decision stays with the competent authority, outside the programme.

17Six pillars

How this works across the six pillars.

Advanced Industry and Robotics works through six pillars of one annual programme, led by the Nexus Consortium, with GCRI, GRF and GRA each contributing in its role: explore, experiment and prototype in Labs, build, simulate and prepare in Foundry, convene and test in Universe, codify, correct and apply in Nexus Standards, publish in every format in Reports, teach in the open in Risk Academy.

Select pillars · hover lines18 / 18 handoffs

Route

The whole programme

Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year’s feedback loops.

L · F · U · S · R · A

Pillars
6 of 6
Handoffs
18 of 18
Loops
17 closed

Handoffs in play

  • F01Universe → Foundry · Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision caseReadiness preparation
  • F02Foundry → Universe · Core Build Report and go or no-go evidenceControlled build
  • F03Foundry → Reports · Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profileCloseout
  • F04Universe → Reports · After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13After-action review

and 14 more

F01 to F14 are the recorded handoffs of the programme year, each with the artefact that moves and its phase; R1, R2, R3 and R4 carry work around the ring. A loop counts when every pillar on it is selected. Every pillar is led by the Nexus Consortium.
  1. LabsWhere questions become experiments and prototypes: new methods, data and tools are tried in the open, with their limits on record, before the Foundry builds them, under the Nexus Consortium.Labs
  2. FoundryWhere methods, data and models become reproducible builds, each run with its inputs, version and limits on record.Advanced Industry and Robotics in FoundryFoundry
  3. UniverseWhere a build is tested under controlled conditions with independent evaluators, so a method’s skill is measured, not assumed.Advanced Industry and Robotics in Universeuniverse.nexus
  4. Nexus StandardsWhere methods, identifiers and data schemas are codified in the open and corrected when a test finds a fault.Industry, Trade and Supply Chains in Standardsnexustandards.com
  5. ReportsWhere findings are published with their method, uncertainty and evidence class, and corrected as new versions.Advanced Industry and Robotics in ReportsReports
  6. Risk AcademyWhere methods and systems are taught on real data and real places, by working the case, on Risk Academy.Faculty of Technology and Digital Systems in Academyrisksacademy.com
18Frameworks

What the work is read against.

The platform does not set standards. It reads its evidence against the frameworks that competent bodies have adopted, so a finding can be placed where a decision-maker already works.

Framework or standardBodyWhat it sets
ISO 10218 and ISO/TS 15066International Organization for StandardizationSafety requirements for industrial robots and collaborative robot applications
IEC 61508 and IEC 61511International Electrotechnical CommissionFunctional safety of safety-related systems and safety instrumented systems in the process industry
Seveso III DirectiveEuropean UnionPrevention and control of major accidents involving dangerous substances
Convention on the Prevention of Major Industrial AccidentsInternational Labour Organization (C174)Duties of states, employers and workers to prevent major industrial accidents
IEC 62443 seriesInternational Electrotechnical CommissionSecurity for industrial automation and control systems
ISO 50001 Energy management systemsInternational Organization for StandardizationRequirements for managing and improving energy performance
OECD Guiding Principles for Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness and ResponseOECDGuidance for industry, authorities and communities on chemical accidents
Industrial Emissions Directive and Best Available Techniques reference documentsEuropean UnionPermitting and pollution control based on best available techniques
ISO 9001 Quality management systemsInternational Organization for StandardizationRequirements for consistent quality in production and services
19Consortium

The same field, seen three ways.

GCRI studies a field as science, GRF governs it and GRA builds shared financial understanding of it. Advanced Industry and Robotics links to its counterparts so that work on one side is visible on the others.

23Questions

Questions and answers.

Who publishes Advanced Industry and Robotics?
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) publishes Advanced Industry and Robotics and is responsible for what it publishes. GCRI is a research, development and policy institution. It is not a regulator, and it does not certify, license or approve; its findings carry their methods and uncertainty.
Is Advanced Industry and Robotics active?
Advanced Industry and Robotics is an established platform of The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation. Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.
How can I contribute?
Start with the participation paths or write to the contact form. An enquiry receives a reference; it does not create membership, a role or an assignment.
Where are findings published?
Reviewed outputs appear on the publications page, and contributions to the Reports series are listed on Publish in Reports.
Which values on this platform are real?
Indicator names, units, sources, methods and frameworks are real. Levels in figures and canvases are examples in a design. A programme replaces them with labelled evidence it owns.
How do I report an error?
Use corrections and concerns, or write to the integrity concern form. A correction is recorded as a new version, never a silent edit.
Does the platform review the safety of a specific plant or robot?
No. It publishes research and methods. Safety cases, inspections and permits are the responsibility of operators and competent authorities.
Is the platform for or against automation?
Neither. It studies how automation is introduced, what risks it removes and creates, and who gains or loses.
ReportsContribute

Contribute evidence from this page.

Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRIAdvanced Industry and RoboticsExponential TechnologyGlobal Sector Risk and Resilience
How it works

How Advanced Industry and Robotics works.

Choose a view and press Play to follow the platform’s process, its programme year, the standards it applies and how its findings are published. The outline shows how the work is designed to run, not the status of any decision.

Advanced Industry and Robotics

How Advanced Industry and Robotics works

Platforms · Programme year · Standards · Reports

A platform joins a field to named methods, labelled evidence and the outputs it publishes, without becoming the authority it serves.

  1. 01 Scope

    1. 01Field and familiesStart · The platform leadThe home states the field, its families and who it serves.
    2. 02Topic dossiersRecord · Platform authorsTopics explain the subject with labelled evidence.
  2. 02 Evidence

    1. 03Evidence labelsRecord · GCRIEach value is labelled: observed, published statistics, estimated, modelled, scenario or unknown.
    2. 04MethodsStep · Method ownersMethods come from the STEM Commons, each with one canonical page.
  3. 03 Work

    1. 05Scenarios on the systemsModel · Foundry pillarScenarios run on the Nexus systems, labelled as scenario.
    2. 06Standards that applyRecord · Nexus StandardsThe platform names the standards that apply. A validator report is evidence for review.
  4. 04 Publish

    1. 07EditionsRecord · ReportsFindings are published through Reports with their limits.
    2. 08Authority decidesOutcome · The competent authorityDecisions and execution stay with the government, operator or licensed institution.

Advanced Industry and Robotics home · Platforms · Shared methodsAn outline of how the work is designed to run; it does not report the status of any decision or record.

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The Global Risks Index

Every figure on this page is indexed: infrastructure, energy, cyber, Germany.

The Index is the Consortium’s indexing system for risk data. Every indicator, hazard, series and country profile carries its Nexus Standards identifier, its source and its licence, so what this page shows can be traced, corrected and reused.

  1. 01 · Sources205 registered sourcesEvery value keeps its source and licence; withheld values are counted.Data and licences
  2. 02 · Nexus StandardsNIS-1 and NHS-1451 indicators, 905 hazards; every record carries a UNI.Nexus Standards
  3. 03 · The Index54 series, 195 country profilesComputed on the standards; no value is published until an edition is released.The Global Risks Index
  4. 04 · This pageAdvanced Industry and RoboticsMaps, figures and feeds read the Index in the context of infrastructure, energy, cyber and Germany.Public API
Sources205registered, each with its licence
Indicators451NIS-1, 106 composites, 20 domain indices
Hazards905NHS-1, crosswalked to UNDRR-ISC HIPs
Series54global, sector, strategic, technology, thematic
Country profiles195one site per country

Series in this context infrastructure, energy, cyber

  1. GSGlobal InfrastructureInfrastructure fragility, service continuity, interdependency of power, water, transport and telecommunications, and investment exposure.NXS-GRX-AR-000067Infrastructure · Energy · Cyber
  2. GLBGlobal SystemsThe state of interdependent global risk: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core systems (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap…NXS-GRX-AR-000002Hazards · Energy · Infrastructure
  3. GSGlobal EnergySupply adequacy, import dependency, grid reliability, affordability, extreme-weather exposure, critical minerals and transition pathways.NXS-GRX-AR-000060Energy · Infrastructure · Cyber
  4. XTCyber and cyber-physical systemsThreats to operational technology, industrial control and cyber-physical systems across energy, water, health, ports and logistics.NXS-GRX-AR-000089Cyber · Infrastructure · Energy

All 54 series · The 20 domain indices

Country profiles Germany

Every country profile carries the source and licence of each value. Correct a value or reply

Hazard domains NHS-1

Geodata and API open

Open layers on an equal-area hexagon grid, shown as densities per km² or as symbols: People · GHSL 2025People · WorldPop 2025Built-up areaPortsAirportsRoadsRailwaysRivers and lake centrelines

/api/v1/public/grix · https://nexustandards.com/uni/{uni}
Developers · Data · Made with Natural Earth, Public domain; GHSL and WorldPop, CC BY 4.0

Snapshot of the Index registries pinned 2026-10-23 · 22c6eed. Research and risk-analytics information: not a rating, an official classification, a warning, a benchmark or advice.

Advanced Industry and Robotics

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