Draft, not yet released. In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.

Data appendix

The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.

11 min read0 figures8 tables20 notesNR-XTECH-CLIMATETECH-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE

Contents
  1. ·Edition home
  2. ·Executive summary
  3. 1Climate technology is infrastructure with a measurement problem
  4. 2Key findings
  5. 3Systems and sectors at baseline
  6. 4Risks and capability
  7. 5Planned storage outruns delivered storage
  8. 6Readings from the other desks
  9. 7The 2027 agenda
  10. 8Systems in depth
  11. AMethodology
  12. BData appendix
    1. B.1 The indicator set
    2. B.2 Global source register
    3. B.3 Regional reading, climate technology across ten clusters
    4. B.4 Cluster card: shared CO2 transport and storage in the North Sea
    5. B.5 How countries appear in the climate technology edition
    6. B.6 Licences
    7. B.7 Formats and provenance
  13. CReferences and record
  14. ·Complete edition, for print

B.1The indicator set

Table B.1Global baseline indicator set
IndicatorValueUnitYearStateSource
Global temperature above pre-industrial1.47degrees C2025Reported12
Fossil CO2 emissions growth, projected1.1%2025Reported3
Total anthropogenic CO2 emissions, projected42.2GtCO22025Reported3
Remaining 1.5 degrees C budget, 2025 edition170GtCO22025Reported3
Remaining 1.5 degrees C budget, 2024 edition235GtCO22024Reported2
Atmospheric CO2, September monthly mean426.07ppm2026Reported16
Solar generation2,778TWh2025Reported5
Solar generation growth30%2025Reported5
Commercial CCS projects in operation113projects2026Reported6
Operating capture capacity68Mtpa2026Reported6
Capture capacity under construction, 2025 edition44Mtpa2025Reported7
Brevik design capture400,000tonnes per year2025Reported8
Northern Lights phase 1 storage1.5Mtpa2025Reported10
Total carbon removal2.2GtCO2 per year2025Reported1
Novel carbon removal≈2MtCO2 per year2025Reported1
Gap between pledges and scenarios, 20505.2GtCO2 per year2050Scenario1
Carbon pricing revenue>107USD billion2025Reported13
Share of global emissions under direct carbon pricing29%2025Reported13
Removal purchase commitment by 20401.8USD billion2026Reported20
Durable removal contracted, cumulative50.6million tonnes2026Reported21
Indicators, CSVIndicators, JSON

B.2Global source register

The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.

Domains bound by the register

  • CLI
  • INF
  • FIN
  • ENE
  • DAT
  • TRD
  • MIN
  • WAT
  • BIO
  • FOO
Table B.3Global source register
SourceCategoryCoveragePeriodCadenceRole
State of CDR third edition1research assessmentglobal2025periodicremoval
Global Carbon Budget23research projectglobal2024 to 2025annualbudget
Copernicus and NOAA pages1216agenciesglobal2025 to 2026monthlyclimate state
Ember reviews45think tankglobal2024 to 2025annualpower
Global CCS Institute678instituteglobal2025 to 2026annualcapture
Operator and company pages91011operators and companiesprojects2025per eventprojects
World Bank report13development bankglobal2025annualpricing
US agency pages1419agenciesUS2024 to 2026continuouspermits and hubs
EU pages1722EU institutionEU2026continuouspolicy
Frontier and CDR.fyi2021buyer group and dashboardglobal2026continuousremoval market

B.3Regional reading, climate technology across ten clusters

Regional plates follow with the regional editions. This page gives the regional reading of climate technology infrastructure and exposure in table form and ranks no region.

Table B.4Regional reading, climate technology across ten clusters
RegionPrincipal hazardsSystems most exposedBaseline evidence
North Americadirect air capture projects; storage permitting; capture incentivesstorage, financeEPA19; operator11; DOE14
South Americaland-based removal at large scaleremovalremoval assessment1
Europeshared storage in operation; border mechanism; removal frameworkstorage, tradeNorthern Lights10; Commission1722
Eurasialand-based removal; regional evidence thinremovalremoval assessment1
Middle East and North Africaregional evidence not boundcapture, storageregional evidence (not bound)
Africaskills and access; land-based removalworkforce, removalregional evidence (not bound)
South Asianew carbon market schemes; clean power growthfinance, powerWorld Bank13
East Asialargest contributions to conventional removal; clean power buildremoval, powerremoval assessment1; Ember5
ASEANregional evidence not boundpower, financeregional evidence (not bound)
Oceania-Pacificregional evidence not boundremoval, workforceregional evidence (not bound)

B.4Cluster card: shared CO2 transport and storage in the North Sea

  • storage
  • transport
  • cement capture
  • shared infrastructure
Systems in view
cement capture, ship transport, receiving terminal, subsea storage
Defining events
Brevik capture began in June 20258; phase 1 storage operational10
Couplings
INF → CLI storage; FIN → INF funding and premium sales
Capability evidence
phase 2 expansion to 5 Mtpa reported as under construction8
Gaps
actual injected volumes; further customers; permit status
Agenda items
C-01 · C-05

The Brevik plant is designed to capture about 400,000 tonnes of CO2 per year, around half of its emissions, using an amine-based process [8] [9].

CAPTURE

Cement plant capture

Northern Lights phase 1 has a storage capacity of 1.5 Mtpa and is operational; it is open to third parties [10] [8].

STORAGE

Shared store

CO2 has been separated from produced gas at Sleipner since 1996, and more than 19 million tonnes had been stored by the end of 2020 [25].

PATH

Sleipner precedent

B.5How countries appear in the climate technology edition

Countries enter the climate technology edition through the readiness chapters of their own national editions, on one card grammar. They are read against peer distributions and thresholds, never ranked.

Table B.5How countries appear in the climate technology edition
Card fieldWhat it showsSource
WEFH+B stateeach core system against peer distribution bandsnational edition
Couplingsthe national dependency matrixnational edition
Risk objectsthe national risk portfolionational edition
Capability rungsthe national capability laddernational edition
Evidence ageoldest and newest source datesnational source register

Editions in the 2026 Baseline programme

26national

countries and unions

10regional

clusters

16global

flagship and sector

14strategic

systems reports

20frontier

technology reports

How to read a country card

  • Each system is shown against the distribution of its peers, with thresholds where they exist
  • Couplings and risk objects come from the country’s own national edition
  • Capability rungs record evidence, not a judgement of institutions
  • Evidence age is printed, so older national data are visible as such
Table B.6National Baseline Editions in the 2026 programme
WaveCountries and unionsState
W0CanadaISSUED
W1United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, European Union, SwitzerlandPLANNED
W2Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Türkiye, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Senegal, Kenya, African Union, India, China, Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Singapore, AustraliaPLANNED

B.6Licences

Table B.7Licences of each kind of material
MaterialLicence
TextCC BY 4.0
Dataon the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0
FiguresNexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited
Mapsboundary source and licence printed on each plate
MetadataCC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it
Third-party data, figures and textThe source’s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed
Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.

B.7Formats and provenance

Table B.8This edition in every format
FormatKindStateWhat it isIdentifier
Web editionHTMLOn this siteDraft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.NR-XTECH-CLIMATETECH-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Print editionPDFAt releaseA4 portrait · screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.NR-XTECH-CLIMATETECH-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0
Indicator dataCSV · JSONOn this site20 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.NR-XTECH-CLIMATETECH-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE data release v1
FiguresSVG · PNGOn this site4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.FIG-XTECH-CLIMATETECH-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-*
SlidesPDFNot recordedNo slide deck is recorded for this edition.
Evidence briefHTML · PDFNot recordedNo evidence brief is recorded for this edition.
Dataset with DOIDataCiteAt releaseConcept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.

Provenance

Edition pack
The edition’s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built
Evidence cut
DC-XTECH-CLIMATETECH-GLOBAL-2026-B0, closed 30 September 2026
Reproducibility
sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters
Self-check
14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release
Review
five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)
Publisher of record
The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium
Corrections
Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version

Notes

Numbers are the edition’s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. Annex C, references

  1. 12Copernicus Climate Change Service and ECMWF (eds.), 2025 was the third-warmest year on record (news item, 14 January 2026; 1.47 degrees C above pre-industrial; 2023 to 2025 average above 1.5 degrees C). ECMWF, Reading. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  2. 3Global Carbon Project (ed.), Global Carbon Budget 2025 release (news page dated 13 November 2025; fossil CO2 up 1.1% in 2025; total emissions 42.2 GtCO2; remaining 1.5 degrees C budget 170 GtCO2; CO2 425.7 ppm). Global Carbon Project, Tsukuba. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  3. 2Friedlingstein, P. et al., Global Carbon Budget 2024, Earth System Science Data 17, 965 to 1039, 2025 (abstract page: fossil CO2 about 37.4 GtCO2 in 2024; 235 GtCO2 remaining for 1.5 degrees C from the start of 2025). Copernicus Publications, Gottingen. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  4. 16NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory (ed.), Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide (page; Mauna Loa monthly mean 426.07 ppm for September 2026 and 424.37 ppm for September 2025). NOAA, Boulder. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  5. 5Ember (ed.), Global Electricity Review 2026 (2025 data: solar generation 2,778 TWh, up 636 TWh or 30%; fossil generation down 38 TWh; renewables 33.8% of generation). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  6. 6Global CCS Institute (ed.), Global Status of CCS 2026 (status page: 113 commercial CCS projects in operation and 68 Mtpa operating capture capacity as at 31 July 2026; capacity is not the same as actual annual capture). Global CCS Institute, Melbourne. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  7. 7Global CCS Institute (ed.), Global Status of CCS 2025 media release (9 October 2025; 77 operational facilities, up 54% from 50; 47 projects under construction with 44 Mtpa; 513 Mtpa operating and in development). Global CCS Institute, Melbourne. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  8. 8Global CCS Institute (ed.), Brevik CCS Facility Profile (2026; operation began June 2025; capture capacity 400,000 tonnes per year; Northern Lights phase 1 1.5 Mtpa operational, phase 2 5 Mtpa under construction; capital cost and abatement cost are secondary figures cited in the profile and are not used). Global CCS Institute, Melbourne. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  9. 10Northern Lights JV (ed.), About the Longship project (operator page; phase 1 storage up to 1.5 million tonnes of CO2 per year; owners Equinor, Shell and TotalEnergies). Operator statement, weak evidence. Northern Lights JV, Stavanger. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  10. 1Smith, S.M. et al. (eds.), The State of Carbon Dioxide Removal, third edition (report and data portal, 2 June 2026; total removal 2.2 GtCO2 per year; novel removal about 2 MtCO2 per year; pledge gaps of 0.3, 1.2 and 5.2 GtCO2 per year in 2030, 2035 and 2050). Opened as the downloaded PDF. University of Oxford and partners, Oxford. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  11. 13World Bank (ed.), Direct carbon pricing covers nearly one third of global emissions (press release on State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2026, 19 May 2026; about 29% coverage; revenue above USD 107 billion in 2025; 87 instruments; average price near USD 21 per tonne). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  12. 20Frontier Climate (ed.), Frontier home page (advance market commitment of USD 1.8 billion of permanent carbon removal by 2040; buyer group page, weak evidence for market size). Frontier Climate, San Francisco. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  13. 21CDR.fyi (ed.), CDR.fyi public dashboard (headline metrics: 50.6 million tonnes contracted, 1.7 million tonnes delivered, weighted average price USD 340 per tonne; no as-of date on the page; dashboard, weak evidence). CDR.fyi, online. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  14. 4Ember (ed.), Global Electricity Review 2025 (2024 data: solar 6.9% and wind 8.1% of electricity; low-carbon share 40.9%; solar generation up 29%; fossil generation up 1.4%). Ember, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  15. 9Heidelberg Materials (ed.), World premiere at Heidelberg Materials: opening of CCS facility in Norway (company release, 18 June 2025; about 400,000 tonnes of CO2 per year, 50% of plant emissions). Company statement, weak evidence. Heidelberg Materials, Heidelberg. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  16. 11Occidental and 1PointFive (eds.), Occidental and 1PointFive secure Class VI permits for the STRATOS direct air capture facility (company release, 7 April 2025; capacity up to 500,000 tonnes per year; stated on track to begin operations in 2025). Company statement, weak evidence. 1PointFive, Houston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  17. 14US Department of Energy Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations (ed.), Regional Direct Air Capture Hubs (programme page; four hubs with potential of at least 1 million tonnes per year each; USD 3.5 billion announcement of December 2022 and USD 1.8 billion announcement of December 2024; no awardees named on the page). US Department of Energy, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  18. 19US Environmental Protection Agency (ed.), Class VI wells used for geologic sequestration of CO2 (page updated 18 August 2026; no permit counts on the page). US EPA, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  19. 17European Commission (ed.), Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (page; transitional phase 2023 to 2025; definitive period from 1 January 2026; six sectors). Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back
  20. 22European Commission (ed.), Carbon removals and carbon farming (policy page; framework names methodologies and schemes; no criteria or dates on the page). Directorate-General for Climate Action, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.back

Cite this annex

Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Annex B: Data appendix. In Exponential Technology Report 2026: Climate Technologies and Carbon Management (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-XTECH-CLIMATETECH-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI).

Every citation form of the whole report, BibTeX and RIS included, is on the edition home. Cite this report

ReportsContribute

Send evidence or a correction on Climate Technologies and Carbon Management.

Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI Systems Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.

GCRI Systems Evidence deskExponential Technology

Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.

CC BY 4.0 Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.

The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation

Science · evidence · measurement

Not for profit

Our articles, maps and twins are free to read and free to republish. Readers and partners keep it that way.

Partner with us

Who funds us

GCRI is a not-for-profit institution. To ask who funds a piece of work, use the funding questions form.

Independence

Editors and the expert reviewers named on each article decide what we publish. Funders and partners do not review or approve articles before publication.

Corrections policy

Licence

Articles: CC BY 4.0. Figures, maps, twins and data: CC BY 4.0. Other uses: ask through the permissions form.

Privacy choices