GCRI · Paşeroja kar û jêhatîbûnan
Veguheziya ji perwerdeyê ber bi karî
The move from education into stable, decent work shapes a young person’s earnings and wellbeing for years. Many young people face long searches, informal or temporary jobs, or neither work nor study. This page sets out how school-to-work transitions unfold and stall, how they are measured, and what evidence serves the education and labour authorities, employers and youth organisations involved.
Education to work transition in seven parts.
- 01The questionEducation to work transition: how the risk develops
- 02Li seranserê qadanTransitions into work depend on each domain’s demand for skills
- 03NîşanderWhat is measured, and how well
- 04ÇavkanîWhere the evidence comes from
- 05BiryarWho decides, and what the evidence serves
- 06Core questionsWhat researchers ask about first transitions
- 07MechanismsWhy first steps matter
Education to work transition: how the risk develops.
Access and professional inclusion. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.
Skills mismatch slows entry
When education does not match employers’ needs, graduates struggle to find suitable work and employers report shortages at the same time.
Early setbacks scar
Unemployment early in a career lowers later earnings and employment, an effect known as scarring.
Work-based learning helps
Apprenticeships and internships linked to qualifications ease the transition by combining learning with real work.
Barriers differ by group
Young women, rural youth, young people with disabilities and those from poor households face longer transitions.
Konsola jêhatîbûn û rûbirûbûnê.
The screen a team would use to follow this subject: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.
Konsola jêhatîbûn û rûbirûbûnê
Education to work transition · Labour market A · Year 3
Pîşe li gorî rûbirûbûnê
| Piştgiriya nivîsgehê | 59,359 | 0.8 | Cihgir | Operasyonên daneyê |
| Xebatkarên makîneyan | 45,609 | 0.6 | Tevlihev | Çêkirina robotan |
| Xebatkarên lênihêrînê | 20,965 | 0.2 | Temamker | Jêhatîbûnê zêde bike |
| Analîstan | 11,541 | 0.3 | Temamker | Jêhatîbûnê zêde bike |
Kursiyên vala li gorî jêhatîbûnê
Rêya fêrbûna jêhatîbûnên nû
- Nirxandinprofîla jêhatîbûnan
- Lihevhatinrola armanc
- Perwerde bike13 hefte
- Cihkardêr
- Şopandin6 meh
Transitions into work depend on each domain’s demand for skills.
Findings are designed for the rêzeya Kurteyên Delîlê. Perwerdeyê and occupation are coded with ISCED and ISCO for comparability.
- Graduate tracer studies.
- Apprenticeship evaluations.
How education to work transition is modelled, measured and tested.
Model, texmînên wî, daneyên wî û nediyariya wî, bi şeweyê ku zanyar an endezyar kontrol bike. Avahî rêbazên weşandî dişopînin. Nirxên hatine xêzkirin nimûneyî ne, ne encam in.
Modela pergalê
The couplings between the systems in education to work transition: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.
What is measured, and how well.
Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.
| Indicator | Unit | Cadence | Source type | Nîşan |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Youth not in employment, education or training | percent of youth | annual | Labour force surveys | Statîstîkên weşandî |
| Youth unemployment rate | percent | quarterly | Labour force surveys | Statîstîkên weşandî |
| Time to first stable job | months | per survey | School-to-work transition surveys | REPORTED |
| Apprenticeship participation | count | annual | Apprenticeship registers | Statîstîkên weşandî |
| Graduates in jobs matching their field | percent | per survey | Graduate tracer studies | REPORTED |
| Informal employment among youth | percent | annual | Labour force surveys | Statîstîkên weşandî |
Where the evidence comes from.
Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.
| Çavkanî | What it gives | Licence class |
|---|---|---|
| ILO school-to-work transition surveys | Transitions of young people into work | Public, ILO terms |
| ILOSTAT youth labour market indicators | NEET, unemployment and informality | Open, CC BY 4.0 |
| OECD Perwerdeyê at a Glance | Education and labour market outcomes | Public, OECD terms |
| Graduate tracer studies from universities and ministries | Employment of graduates | Licence per publisher |
| Cedefop work-based learning resources | Apprenticeship pergalan in Europe | Public, EU terms |
Who decides, and what the evidence serves.
Future of Work and Skills prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.
| Kî biryarê dide | The question | Evidence this page serves |
|---|---|---|
| Perwerdeyê and labour ministries | How to strengthen transitions and work-based learning | Transition profiles; evaluations |
| Employers and sector bodies | How to offer apprenticeships and entry jobs | Mismatch and programme evidence |
| Youth organisations | Which barriers to address | Group-specific evidence |
Outputs this topic produces
- Youth transition profiles by group
- Evaluations of apprenticeship and youth employment programmes
- Skills mismatch analyses
- Evidence notes for youth employment strategies
What researchers ask about first transitions.
- How long does it take young people to find stable work after leaving education, and how does that vary?
- Which education and training routes, such as apprenticeships, lead to good first jobs?
- What barriers do disadvantaged groups face in entering professions?
- How do early spells of unemployment affect later careers?
Why first steps matter.
Entering the labour market during a recession or after a long gap can reduce earnings for years, a scarring effect. Employers use qualifications and networks to screen applicants, which favours those with well-connected families. Unpaid internships and informal recruitment can exclude people who cannot afford to work for free or lack contacts.
Pergal that combine learning with work, such as apprenticeships and work-integrated learning, tend to ease transitions because they build skills employers value and connections to real jobs. But quality varies, and the occupations offered can reproduce gender and social divides.
Evidence on transitions.
- 01
Graduate and school-leaver tracking
Following cohorts into work, using econometrics. Response rates fall over time.
- 02
Evaluation of apprenticeships and programmes
Comparing outcomes across routes. Selection effects are hard to remove.
- 03
Audit studies
Testing for discrimination in hiring with matched applications, using zanista civakî û reftarî. Studies capture one stage of hiring.
- 04
Skills mismatch measures
Comparing qualifications and skills with job requirements, using aborî û aboriya pêşketinê. Different measures give different answers.
How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.
- 01Zanistên civakî û tevgerîJob quality surveys · Social dialogue studies · Learner experience researchApplied here
- 02EkonometrîDisplacement effects with linked data · Training programme evaluation · Workforce projectionsApplied here
- 03Aborînasî û aborînasiya pêşketinêTask-based analysis of technology · Labour market institutions · Just transition economicsApplied here
Where this page’s references lead.
Sazî û belgeyên ku ev rûpel li hember wan tê xwendin. Rewş û çap diguherin; her girêdan diçe ba saziya derxistinê.
Pirs û bersiv.
What is a NEET?
What is scarring?
Do apprenticeships help young people find work?
What is labour market scarring?
Do apprenticeships work?
Does the platform run internship or graduate schemes?
What helps disadvantaged young people most?
How is professional inclusion measured?
Ji vê rûpelê delîl bidin.
rêzeya Pergalên Stratejîk is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
- E-nameDergeh GW-GCRIJi vê rûpelê bişîninDelîl, rastkirin, doz, rêbaz, nirxandin, wergerandin an têketina profîlê. Bi nîşana vê rûpelê digihîje, ji ber vê yekê edîtorê xwediyê wê wê bistîne.
- ZenodoDepoya vekirîWê razînin û ji civakê re bişîninTomara xwe li Zenodo bi ORCID iD ya xwe biweşînin, paşê wê li wir ji civaka Reports re bişînin. Kurator wê vedikolin; DOI ya we dimîne.
- rêzeya Pergalên StratejîkGCRIHemû rêyên beşdariyê bibîneCureyên beşdariyê, her yek çawa tê nirxandin, tu çi navlêkirinê distînî, lîsans û tiştê ku qet nayê qebûlkirin.
Tu carî daneyên şexsî, hûrgiliyên binesaza hesas an tiştekî ku mafê we yê parvekirinê tune ne neşînin. Beşdarî berî bikaranînê tê nirxandin; şandina wê nivîskarî an mafên edîtorî nade û sponsorî tu carî encamekê nakire.
Rêbazek, danehevek an pirsek bîne.
Agahî û pirs îro vekirî ne. Pirsek referansekê distîne û gava piştî wê dide nasîn; serlêdan, drav, veqetandina hesabkirinê û tomarkirin tenê dema ku tîm, mercên wê û kapasîteya vekolînê hebin vedibin.
Belgeyên hiqûqî.
Nexşe, dane û jimarên vê malperê ji bo çarçoveyê û agahiyên giştî têne nîşandan. Ew ne şîret, ne pêşbînî û ne hişyarî ne; sînorên agahiyê di Daxuyaniyên Berpirsiyariyê û Daxuyaniyên Daneyê de hatine diyarkirin.