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GCRI · İşin ve Becerilerin Geleceği

Eğitimden işe geçiş

The move from education into stable, decent work shapes a young person’s earnings and wellbeing for years. Many young people face long searches, informal or temporary jobs, or neither work nor study. This page sets out how school-to-work transitions unfold and stall, how they are measured, and what evidence serves the education and labour authorities, employers and youth organisations involved.

02Soru

Education to work transition: how the risk develops.

Access and professional inclusion. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mekanizma

Skills mismatch slows entry

When education does not match employers’ needs, graduates struggle to find suitable work and employers report shortages at the same time.

Mekanizma

Early setbacks scar

Unemployment early in a career lowers later earnings and employment, an effect known as scarring.

Mekanizma

Work-based learning helps

Apprenticeships and internships linked to qualifications ease the transition by combining learning with real work.

Mekanizma

Barriers differ by group

Young women, rural youth, young people with disabilities and those from poor households face longer transitions.

03İzleme

Beceri ve maruziyet konsolu.

Bir ekibin bu konuyu izlemek için kullanacağı ekran: ölçütleri, durumları ve kararları. Adlar örnektir ve değerler açıklayıcıdır.

Beceri ve maruziyet konsolu

Education to work transition · Labour market A · Year 3

Veri rollerindeki açıkGCRI · İşin ve Becerilerin Geleceği

Maruziyete göre meslekler

Büro desteği59,3590.8İkameVeri operasyonları
Makine operatörleri45,6090.6KarmaRobot bakımı
Bakım çalışanları20,9650.2TamamlayıcıBeceri geliştirin
Analistler11,5410.3TamamlayıcıBeceri geliştirin

Beceriye göre açık pozisyonlar

050100100 iş arayan başına açık pozisyonVeriBakımZanaatkârlarYeşilİdari

Yeniden beceri kazandırma yolu

  1. Değerlendirinbeceri profili
  2. Eşleştirinhedef rol
  3. Eğitin13 hafta
  4. Yerişveren
  5. Takip edin6 ay
Skills and exposure console: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Education to work transition.Örnek adlar ve örnekleyici değerler; bir tasarımdır, kayıt veya canlı bir sistem değildir.
04Alanlar genelinde

Transitions into work depend on each domain’s demand for skills.

05Yöntemler ve kanıt

How education to work transition is modelled, measured and tested.

Model, varsayımları, verileri ve belirsizliği, bir bilim insanının veya mühendisin kontrol edeceği biçimde. Yapılar yayımlanmış yöntemleri izler. Çizilen değerler bulgu değil, açıklayıcıdır.

Sistem modeli

The couplings between the systems in education to work transition: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−++ÇalışmaToplumYapay zekâTopluluklarEkonomiR pekiştiriciB dengeleyici
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
FAIR yol gösterici ilkeleri · GO FAIR ve FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumBelirsizliklerin tutarlı ele alınmasına ilişkin kılavuz · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Yer Gözlem Uyduları Komitesi
06Göstergeler

Neyin ve ne kadar iyi ölçüldüğü.

Her gösterge birimini, sıklığını, ardındaki kaynak türünü ve bir değerin taşıyacağı kanıt etiketini taşır. Hiçbir değer gösterilmez: değerleri bir program kendi yetkisi altında sağlar.

GöstergeBirimSıklıkKaynak türüEtiket
Youth not in employment, education or trainingpercent of youthyıllıkLabour force surveysYayımlanmış istatistikler
Youth unemployment ratepercentüç ayda birLabour force surveysYayımlanmış istatistikler
Time to first stable jobayper surveySchool-to-work transition surveysBİLDİRİLMİŞ
Apprenticeship participationsayıyıllıkApprenticeship registersYayımlanmış istatistikler
Graduates in jobs matching their fieldpercentper surveyGraduate tracer studiesBİLDİRİLMİŞ
Informal employment among youthpercentyıllıkLabour force surveysYayımlanmış istatistikler
07Kaynaklar

Kanıtın nereden geldiği.

Her biri lisans sınıfıyla birlikte, adı belirtilmiş kamuya açık veri kümeleri ve kurumsal kayıtlar. Anlaşmaya dayalı kaynaklar yalnızca koşullarına göre kullanılır ve asla yeniden yayımlanmaz.

KaynakSağladıklarıLisans sınıfı
ILO school-to-work transition surveysTransitions of young people into workPublic, ILO terms
ILOSTAT youth labour market indicatorsNEET, unemployment and informalityAçık, CC BY 4.0
OECD Eğitim at a GlanceEducation and labour market outcomesPublic, OECD terms
Graduate tracer studies from universities and ministriesEmployment of graduatesLicence per publisher
Cedefop work-based learning resourcesApprenticeship sistemleri in EuropePublic, EU terms
08Kararlar

Kim karar verir ve kanıt neye hizmet eder.

Future of Work and Skills prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Kim karar verirSoruBu sayfanın hizmet ettiği kanıt
Eğitim and labour ministriesHow to strengthen transitions and work-based learningTransition profiles; evaluations
Employers and sector bodiesHow to offer apprenticeships and entry jobsMismatch and programme evidence
Gençlik örgütleriWhich barriers to addressGroup-specific evidence

Bu konunun ürettiği çıktılar

  • Youth transition profiles by group
  • Evaluations of apprenticeship and youth employment programmes
  • Skills mismatch analyses
  • Evidence notes for youth employment strategies
09Temel sorular

What researchers ask about first transitions.

  • How long does it take young people to find stable work after leaving education, and how does that vary?
  • Which education and training routes, such as apprenticeships, lead to good first jobs?
  • What barriers do disadvantaged groups face in entering professions?
  • How do early spells of unemployment affect later careers?
10Mekanizmalar

Why first steps matter.

Entering the labour market during a recession or after a long gap can reduce earnings for years, a scarring effect. Employers use qualifications and networks to screen applicants, which favours those with well-connected families. Unpaid internships and informal recruitment can exclude people who cannot afford to work for free or lack contacts.

Sistem that combine learning with work, such as apprenticeships and work-integrated learning, tend to ease transitions because they build skills employers value and connections to real jobs. But quality varies, and the occupations offered can reproduce gender and social divides.

11Yöntemler ve veriler

Evidence on transitions.

  1. 01

    Graduate and school-leaver tracking

    Following cohorts into work, using ekonometri. Response rates fall over time.

  2. 02

    Evaluation of apprenticeships and programmes

    Comparing outcomes across routes. Selection effects are hard to remove.

  3. 03

    Audit studies

    Testing for discrimination in hiring with matched applications, using sosyal ve davranış bilimi. Studies capture one stage of hiring.

  4. 04

    Skills mismatch measures

    Comparing qualifications and skills with job requirements, using iktisat ve kalkınma iktisadı. Different measures give different answers.

12Yöntemler

Nasıl incelendiği ve yöntemlerin söyleyemeyecekleri.

13Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Bu sayfanın karşılaştırıldığı kuruluşlar ve belgeler. Durumlar ve sürümler değişir; her bağlantı yayımlayan kuruluşa gider.

14Sorular

Sorular ve yanıtlar.

What is a NEET?
A young person not in employment, education or training, a measure of youth disengagement from work and learning.
What is scarring?
The lasting negative effect of early unemployment on a person’s later earnings, employment and wellbeing, documented in many countries.
Do apprenticeships help young people find work?
Evidence from many countries suggests that well-designed apprenticeships improve employment, though results depend on training quality and on genuine employer involvement.
What is labour market scarring?
Lasting reductions in earnings and employment for people who experience unemployment early in their careers or enter work during a downturn.
Do apprenticeships work?
Well-designed apprenticeships linked to employer demand generally show good outcomes, but quality and access vary widely between countries and occupations.
Does the platform run internship or graduate schemes?
No. It is a research platform. Supervised learning placements in the Consortium are described by Agency under written terms.
What helps disadvantaged young people most?
Evidence points to combinations of guidance, work-based learning, paid placements and active outreach, rather than any single measure.
How is professional inclusion measured?
Through the representation of different groups in professions, entry rates and progression, compared with the qualified population. Data gaps are common.
RaporlarKatkıda bulunun

Bu sayfadan kanıt katkısında bulunun.

Raporlar is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRIÇalışmanın Geleceği ve BecerilerÖngörü GörünümüKanıt Özeti
Çalışmanın Geleceği ve Beceriler

Bir yöntem, bir veri seti ya da bir soru getirin.

Bilgi ve başvurular bugün açıktır. Bir başvuru bir referans numarası alır ve bir sonraki adımı belirtir; başvurular, ödemeler, işlem kapasitesi tahsisleri ve kayıtlar yalnızca ekipleri, koşulları ve inceleme kapasiteleri mevcut olduğunda açılır.