Skip to content

GCRI · 仕事とスキルの未来

教育から仕事への移行

The move from education into stable, decent work shapes a young person’s earnings and wellbeing for years. Many young people face long searches, informal or temporary jobs, or neither work nor study. This page sets out how school-to-work transitions unfold and stall, how they are measured, and what evidence serves the education and labour authorities, employers and youth organisations involved.

02質問

Education to work transition: how the risk develops.

Access and professional inclusion. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

メカニズム

Skills mismatch slows entry

When education does not match employers’ needs, graduates struggle to find suitable work and employers report shortages at the same time.

メカニズム

Early setbacks scar

Unemployment early in a career lowers later earnings and employment, an effect known as scarring.

メカニズム

Work-based learning helps

Apprenticeships and internships linked to qualifications ease the transition by combining learning with real work.

メカニズム

Barriers differ by group

Young women, rural youth, young people with disabilities and those from poor households face longer transitions.

03監視

スキルと曝露のコンソール。

このテーマを追跡するためにチームが使う画面:その指標、状態、決定。名前は例であり、値はイメージです。

スキルと曝露のコンソール

Education to work transition · Labour market A · Year 3

データ関連の役割のギャップGCRI・仕事とスキルの未来

エクスポージャー別の職業

事務支援59,3590.8代替データ運用
機械オペレーター45,6090.6混合ロボット保守
ケア労働者20,9650.2補完スキルアップ
アナリスト11,5410.3補完スキルアップ

技能別の求人

050100求職者 100 人当たりの求人数データケア職種緑管理

リスキリングの道筋

  1. 評価するスキルプロファイル
  2. 一致目標とする役割
  3. 訓練する13 週
  4. 場所雇用主
  5. フォローアップ6 か月
Skills and exposure console: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Education to work transition.例示の名称と説明用の値です。設計であり、記録でも稼働中のシステムでもありません。
04分野を横断して

Transitions into work depend on each domain’s demand for skills.

05手法とエビデンス

How education to work transition is modelled, measured and tested.

モデル、その仮定、データ、不確実性を、科学者やエンジニアが確認する形で示します。構造は公表された手法に従っています。描かれた値は例示であり、知見ではありません。

システム・モデル

The couplings between the systems in education to work transition: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−++作業社会人工知能コミュニティ経済R 自己強化B バランス
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
FAIR 原則・GO FAIR と FORCE11W3C PROV・World Wide Web Consortium不確実性の一貫した扱いに関するガイダンス・IPCCCEOS 解析即応データ・地球観測衛星委員会
06指標

何を、どの程度うまく測定しているか。

各指標には、その単位、更新頻度、背後にある出典の種類、値が持つことになるエビデンスのラベルが付いています。値は表示しません:プログラムが自らの権限のもとで値を提供します。

指標単位周期出典の種類ラベル
Youth not in employment, education or trainingpercent of youth年次Labour force surveys公表統計
Youth unemployment ratepercent四半期ごとLabour force surveys公表統計
Time to first stable jobか月per surveySchool-to-work transition surveys報告値
Apprenticeship participation件数年次Apprenticeship registers公表統計
Graduates in jobs matching their fieldpercentper surveyGraduate tracer studies報告値
Informal employment among youthpercent年次Labour force surveys公表統計
07出典

エビデンスの出所。

名前の明示された公開データセットと機関の記録。それぞれにライセンス区分があります。合意に基づく出典は、その条件のもとでのみ使用し、再公開することはありません。

出典提供するものライセンス区分
ILO school-to-work transition surveysTransitions of young people into workPublic, ILO terms
ILOSTAT youth labour market indicatorsNEET, unemployment and informalityオープン、CC BY 4.0
OECD 教育 at a GlanceEducation and labour market outcomesPublic, OECD terms
Graduate tracer studies from universities and ministriesEmployment of graduatesLicence per publisher
Cedefop work-based learning resourcesApprenticeship システム in EuropePublic, EU terms
08決定

誰が決め、エビデンスが何に役立つか。

Future of Work and Skills prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

誰が決定するか質問このページが提供するエビデンス
教育 and labour ministriesHow to strengthen transitions and work-based learningTransition profiles; evaluations
Employers and sector bodiesHow to offer apprenticeships and entry jobsMismatch and programme evidence
青年団体Which barriers to addressGroup-specific evidence

このトピックが生み出す成果物

  • Youth transition profiles by group
  • Evaluations of apprenticeship and youth employment programmes
  • Skills mismatch analyses
  • Evidence notes for youth employment strategies
09中核となる問い

What researchers ask about first transitions.

  • How long does it take young people to find stable work after leaving education, and how does that vary?
  • Which education and training routes, such as apprenticeships, lead to good first jobs?
  • What barriers do disadvantaged groups face in entering professions?
  • How do early spells of unemployment affect later careers?
10メカニズム

Why first steps matter.

Entering the labour market during a recession or after a long gap can reduce earnings for years, a scarring effect. Employers use qualifications and networks to screen applicants, which favours those with well-connected families. Unpaid internships and informal recruitment can exclude people who cannot afford to work for free or lack contacts.

システム that combine learning with work, such as apprenticeships and work-integrated learning, tend to ease transitions because they build skills employers value and connections to real jobs. But quality varies, and the occupations offered can reproduce gender and social divides.

11手法とデータ

Evidence on transitions.

  1. 01

    Graduate and school-leaver tracking

    Following cohorts into work, using 計量経済学. Response rates fall over time.

  2. 02

    Evaluation of apprenticeships and programmes

    Comparing outcomes across routes. Selection effects are hard to remove.

  3. 03

    Audit studies

    Testing for discrimination in hiring with matched applications, using 社会・行動科学. Studies capture one stage of hiring.

  4. 04

    Skills mismatch measures

    Comparing qualifications and skills with job requirements, using 経済学と開発経済学. Different measures give different answers.

12手法

どのように研究され、手法が言えないことは何か。

  1. 社会科学・行動科学仕事の質の調査 · 社会対話の研究 · 学習者の経験の研究ここでの適用
  2. 計量経済学連結データによる雇用喪失効果 · 訓練プログラムの評価 · 労働力の予測ここでの適用
  3. 経済学と開発経済学技術のタスク・ベース分析 · 労働市場の制度 · 公正な移行の経済学ここでの適用
13Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

このページの読解の基準となる機関と文書。状態と版は変わります。各リンクは発行機関へ移動します。

14質問

質問と回答。

What is a NEET?
A young person not in employment, education or training, a measure of youth disengagement from work and learning.
What is scarring?
The lasting negative effect of early unemployment on a person’s later earnings, employment and wellbeing, documented in many countries.
Do apprenticeships help young people find work?
Evidence from many countries suggests that well-designed apprenticeships improve employment, though results depend on training quality and on genuine employer involvement.
What is labour market scarring?
Lasting reductions in earnings and employment for people who experience unemployment early in their careers or enter work during a downturn.
Do apprenticeships work?
Well-designed apprenticeships linked to employer demand generally show good outcomes, but quality and access vary widely between countries and occupations.
Does the platform run internship or graduate schemes?
No. It is a research platform. Supervised learning placements in the Consortium are described by Agency under written terms.
What helps disadvantaged young people most?
Evidence points to combinations of guidance, work-based learning, paid placements and active outreach, rather than any single measure.
How is professional inclusion measured?
Through the representation of different groups in professions, entry rates and progression, compared with the qualified population. Data gaps are common.
報告書貢献する

このページからエビデンスを提供する。

報告書 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRI仕事とスキルの未来フォーサイト・アウトルックエビデンス・ブリーフ
仕事とスキルの未来

手法、データセット、または問いを持ち込んでください。

情報提供と問い合わせは本日から受け付けています。問い合わせには参照番号が付き、次の手順が示されます。申請、支払い、計算資源の割り当て、登録は、担当チーム、規約、審査体制が整ってから開始します。