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GCRI · Futuro do trabalho e das competências

Transição da educação para o trabalho

The move from education into stable, decent work shapes a young person’s earnings and wellbeing for years. Many young people face long searches, informal or temporary jobs, or neither work nor study. This page sets out how school-to-work transitions unfold and stall, how they are measured, and what evidence serves the education and labour authorities, employers and youth organisations involved.

02A pergunta

Education to work transition: how the risk develops.

Access and professional inclusion. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mecanismo

Skills mismatch slows entry

When education does not match employers’ needs, graduates struggle to find suitable work and employers report shortages at the same time.

Mecanismo

Early setbacks scar

Unemployment early in a career lowers later earnings and employment, an effect known as scarring.

Mecanismo

Work-based learning helps

Apprenticeships and internships linked to qualifications ease the transition by combining learning with real work.

Mecanismo

Barriers differ by group

Young women, rural youth, young people with disabilities and those from poor households face longer transitions.

03Monitoramento

Consola de competências e exposição.

A tela que uma equipe usaria para acompanhar esta matéria: suas medidas, estados e decisões. Os nomes são exemplos e os valores são ilustrativos.

Consola de competências e exposição

Education to work transition · Labour market A · Year 3

Lacuna nas funções de dadosGCRI · Futuro do trabalho e das competências

Profissões por exposição

Pessoal administrativo59,3590.8SubstitutoOperações de dados
Operadores de máquinas45,6090.6MistoManutenção de robôs
Trabalhadores de cuidados20,9650.2ComplementoRequalificar
Analistas11,5410.3ComplementoRequalificar

Vagas por competência

050100vagas por 100 candidatos a empregoDadosCuidadosOfíciosVerdeAdministração

Percurso de requalificação

  1. Avaliarperfil de competências
  2. Correspondênciafunção desejada
  3. Treinar13 semanas
  4. Lugarempregador
  5. Acompanhar6 meses
Skills and exposure console: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Education to work transition.Nomes de exemplo e valores ilustrativos; um projeto, não um registro nem um sistema ativo.
04Em todos os domínios

Transitions into work depend on each domain’s demand for skills.

05Métodos e evidência

How education to work transition is modelled, measured and tested.

O modelo, os seus pressupostos, os seus dados e a sua incerteza, na forma que um cientista ou engenheiro verificaria. As estruturas seguem métodos publicados. Os valores representados são ilustrativos, não conclusões.

Modelo de sistema

The couplings between the systems in education to work transition: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−++TrabalhoSociedadeInteligência artificialComunidadesEconomiaR de reforçoB equilíbrio
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
Princípios orientadores FAIR · GO FAIR e FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumOrientação sobre o tratamento consistente das incertezas · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
06Indicadores

O que é medido e com que qualidade.

Cada indicador leva sua unidade, sua periodicidade, o tipo de fonte por trás dele e a etiqueta de evidência que um valor levaria. Nenhum valor é mostrado: um programa os fornece sob sua própria autoridade.

IndicadorUnidadeCadênciaTipo de fonteRótulo
Youth not in employment, education or trainingpercent of youthanualLabour force surveysEstatísticas publicadas
Youth unemployment ratepercenttrimestralLabour force surveysEstatísticas publicadas
Time to first stable jobmesesper surveySchool-to-work transition surveysREPORTADO
Apprenticeship participationcontagemanualApprenticeship registersEstatísticas publicadas
Graduates in jobs matching their fieldpercentper surveyGraduate tracer studiesREPORTADO
Informal employment among youthpercentanualLabour force surveysEstatísticas publicadas
07Fontes

De onde vêm as evidências.

Conjuntos de dados públicos nomeados e registros institucionais, cada um com sua classe de licença. As fontes obtidas por acordo só são usadas nos seus termos e nunca são republicadas.

FonteO que ofereceClasse de licença
ILO school-to-work transition surveysTransitions of young people into workPublic, ILO terms
ILOSTAT youth labour market indicatorsNEET, unemployment and informalityAberto, CC BY 4.0
OECD Educação at a GlanceEducation and labour market outcomesPublic, OECD terms
Graduate tracer studies from universities and ministriesEmployment of graduatesLicence per publisher
Cedefop work-based learning resourcesApprenticeship sistemas in EuropePublic, EU terms
08Decisões

Quem decide, e a que servem as evidências.

Future of Work and Skills prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Quem decideA perguntaEvidências a que esta página serve
Educação and labour ministriesHow to strengthen transitions and work-based learningTransition profiles; evaluations
Employers and sector bodiesHow to offer apprenticeships and entry jobsMismatch and programme evidence
Organizações de juventudeWhich barriers to addressGroup-specific evidence

Produtos que este tema gera

  • Youth transition profiles by group
  • Evaluations of apprenticeship and youth employment programmes
  • Skills mismatch analyses
  • Evidence notes for youth employment strategies
09Questões centrais

What researchers ask about first transitions.

  • How long does it take young people to find stable work after leaving education, and how does that vary?
  • Which education and training routes, such as apprenticeships, lead to good first jobs?
  • What barriers do disadvantaged groups face in entering professions?
  • How do early spells of unemployment affect later careers?
10Mecanismos

Why first steps matter.

Entering the labour market during a recession or after a long gap can reduce earnings for years, a scarring effect. Employers use qualifications and networks to screen applicants, which favours those with well-connected families. Unpaid internships and informal recruitment can exclude people who cannot afford to work for free or lack contacts.

sistemas that combine learning with work, such as apprenticeships and work-integrated learning, tend to ease transitions because they build skills employers value and connections to real jobs. But quality varies, and the occupations offered can reproduce gender and social divides.

11Métodos e dados

Evidence on transitions.

  1. 01

    Graduate and school-leaver tracking

    Following cohorts into work, using econometria. Response rates fall over time.

  2. 02

    Evaluation of apprenticeships and programmes

    Comparing outcomes across routes. Selection effects are hard to remove.

  3. 03

    Audit studies

    Testing for discrimination in hiring with matched applications, using ciências sociais e comportamentais. Studies capture one stage of hiring.

  4. 04

    Skills mismatch measures

    Comparing qualifications and skills with job requirements, using economia e economia do desenvolvimento. Different measures give different answers.

12Métodos

Como é estudado e o que os métodos não podem dizer.

13Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Os organismos e documentos à luz dos quais esta página é lida. O estado e as edições mudam; cada ligação leva ao organismo emissor.

14Perguntas

Perguntas e respostas.

What is a NEET?
A young person not in employment, education or training, a measure of youth disengagement from work and learning.
What is scarring?
The lasting negative effect of early unemployment on a person’s later earnings, employment and wellbeing, documented in many countries.
Do apprenticeships help young people find work?
Evidence from many countries suggests that well-designed apprenticeships improve employment, though results depend on training quality and on genuine employer involvement.
What is labour market scarring?
Lasting reductions in earnings and employment for people who experience unemployment early in their careers or enter work during a downturn.
Do apprenticeships work?
Well-designed apprenticeships linked to employer demand generally show good outcomes, but quality and access vary widely between countries and occupations.
Does the platform run internship or graduate schemes?
No. It is a research platform. Supervised learning placements in the Consortium are described by Agency under written terms.
What helps disadvantaged young people most?
Evidence points to combinations of guidance, work-based learning, paid placements and active outreach, rather than any single measure.
How is professional inclusion measured?
Through the representation of different groups in professions, entry rates and progression, compared with the qualified population. Data gaps are common.
RelatóriosContribuir

Contribua com evidências a partir desta página.

Relatórios is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRIFuturo do trabalho e competênciasPanorama prospectivoResumo de evidências
Futuro do trabalho e competências

Traga um método, um conjunto de dados ou uma pergunta.

A informação e os pedidos estão abertos hoje. Um pedido recebe uma referência e indica o próximo passo; candidaturas, pagamentos, alocações de computação e registros só abrem quando existem a equipa, os termos e a capacidade de revisão.