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GCRI · 일의 미래와 역량

교육에서 일로의 이행

The move from education into stable, decent work shapes a young person’s earnings and wellbeing for years. Many young people face long searches, informal or temporary jobs, or neither work nor study. This page sets out how school-to-work transitions unfold and stall, how they are measured, and what evidence serves the education and labour authorities, employers and youth organisations involved.

문의하기 주제로 돌아가기
01목차

Education to work transition in seven parts.

이 자료집 안에서7개 부분
  1. 01질문Education to work transition: how the risk develops
  2. 02영역 전반Transitions into work depend on each domain’s demand for skills
  3. 03지표측정되는 것과 그 정확도
  4. 04출처근거의 출처
  5. 05결정누가 결정하며 근거는 무엇에 쓰이는지
  6. 06핵심 질문What researchers ask about first transitions
  7. 07메커니즘Why first steps matter
02질문

Education to work transition: how the risk develops.

Access and professional inclusion. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

메커니즘

Skills mismatch slows entry

When education does not match employers’ needs, graduates struggle to find suitable work and employers report shortages at the same time.

메커니즘

Early setbacks scar

Unemployment early in a career lowers later earnings and employment, an effect known as scarring.

메커니즘

Work-based learning helps

Apprenticeships and internships linked to qualifications ease the transition by combining learning with real work.

메커니즘

Barriers differ by group

Young women, rural youth, young people with disabilities and those from poor households face longer transitions.

03모니터링

기술과 노출 콘솔.

팀이 이 주제를 따라가는 데 사용할 화면으로, 그 지표, 상태, 결정을 보여 줍니다. 이름은 예시이며 값은 설명용입니다.

기술과 노출 콘솔

Education to work transition · Labour market A · Year 3

데이터 역할의 격차GCRI · 일의 미래와 역량

노출도별 직업

사무 지원59,3590.8대체데이터 운영
기계 운전원45,6090.6혼합로봇 유지보수
돌봄 노동자20,9650.2보완역량 강화
분석가11,5410.3보완역량 강화

기술별 구인

050100구직자 100명당 구인 수데이터돌봄직종녹색관리

재교육 경로

  1. 평가역량 프로필
  2. 일치목표 직무
  3. 훈련13 주
  4. 장소고용주
  5. 후속 조치6개월
Skills and exposure console: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Education to work transition.예시 이름과 예시 값으로, 실제 기록이나 운영 중인 시스템이 아닌 설계안입니다.
04영역 전반

Transitions into work depend on each domain’s demand for skills.

Findings are designed for the 증거 브리프 시리즈. 교육 and occupation are coded with ISCED and ISCO for comparability.

  • Graduate tracer studies.
  • Apprenticeship evaluations.
05방법과 근거

How education to work transition is modelled, measured and tested.

모형, 그 가정, 데이터, 불확실성을 과학자나 엔지니어가 확인할 형태로 제시합니다. 구조는 발행된 방법을 따릅니다. 제시된 값은 예시이며 결과가 아닙니다.

시스템 모형

The couplings between the systems in education to work transition: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−++업무사회인공지능지역사회경제R 강화B 균형
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
FAIR 지침 원칙 · GO FAIR와 FORCE11W3C PROV · 월드 와이드 웹 컨소시엄불확실성의 일관된 처리에 관한 지침 · IPCCCEOS 분석 준비 데이터(Analysis Ready Data) · 지구관측위성위원회
06지표

측정되는 것과 그 정확도.

각 지표에는 단위, 주기, 그 뒤의 출처 종류, 값에 붙을 근거 표시가 있습니다. 값은 표시하지 않습니다. 값은 프로그램이 자체 권한으로 제공합니다.

지표단위주기출처 유형라벨
Youth not in employment, education or trainingpercent of youth연간Labour force surveys공표 통계
Youth unemployment ratepercent분기별Labour force surveys공표 통계
Time to first stable job개월per surveySchool-to-work transition surveys보고됨
Apprenticeship participation건수연간Apprenticeship registers공표 통계
Graduates in jobs matching their fieldpercentper surveyGraduate tracer studies보고됨
Informal employment among youthpercent연간Labour force surveys공표 통계
07출처

근거의 출처.

이름이 명시된 공개 데이터셋과 기관 기록으로, 각각 라이선스 등급이 있습니다. 협약에 따른 출처는 그 조건에 따라서만 사용하며 결코 재게시하지 않습니다.

출처제공하는 것라이선스 등급
ILO school-to-work transition surveysTransitions of young people into workPublic, ILO terms
ILOSTAT youth labour market indicatorsNEET, unemployment and informality공개, CC BY 4.0
OECD 교육 at a GlanceEducation and labour market outcomesPublic, OECD terms
Graduate tracer studies from universities and ministriesEmployment of graduatesLicence per publisher
Cedefop work-based learning resourcesApprenticeship 시스템 in EuropePublic, EU terms
08결정

누가 결정하며 근거는 무엇에 쓰이는지.

Future of Work and Skills prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

결정 주체질문이 페이지가 제공하는 근거
교육 and labour ministriesHow to strengthen transitions and work-based learningTransition profiles; evaluations
Employers and sector bodiesHow to offer apprenticeships and entry jobsMismatch and programme evidence
청년 단체Which barriers to addressGroup-specific evidence

이 주제가 생산하는 산출물

  • Youth transition profiles by group
  • Evaluations of apprenticeship and youth employment programmes
  • Skills mismatch analyses
  • Evidence notes for youth employment strategies
09핵심 질문

What researchers ask about first transitions.

  • How long does it take young people to find stable work after leaving education, and how does that vary?
  • Which education and training routes, such as apprenticeships, lead to good first jobs?
  • What barriers do disadvantaged groups face in entering professions?
  • How do early spells of unemployment affect later careers?
10메커니즘

Why first steps matter.

Entering the labour market during a recession or after a long gap can reduce earnings for years, a scarring effect. Employers use qualifications and networks to screen applicants, which favours those with well-connected families. Unpaid internships and informal recruitment can exclude people who cannot afford to work for free or lack contacts.

시스템 that combine learning with work, such as apprenticeships and work-integrated learning, tend to ease transitions because they build skills employers value and connections to real jobs. But quality varies, and the occupations offered can reproduce gender and social divides.

11방법과 데이터

Evidence on transitions.

  1. 01

    Graduate and school-leaver tracking

    Following cohorts into work, using 계량경제학. Response rates fall over time.

  2. 02

    Evaluation of apprenticeships and programmes

    Comparing outcomes across routes. Selection effects are hard to remove.

  3. 03

    Audit studies

    Testing for discrimination in hiring with matched applications, using 사회 및 행동 과학. Studies capture one stage of hiring.

  4. 04

    Skills mismatch measures

    Comparing qualifications and skills with job requirements, using 경제학과 개발경제학. Different measures give different answers.

12방법

연구되는 방식과 방법이 말할 수 없는 것.

  1. 사회 및 행동과학일자리 질 조사 · 사회적 대화 연구 · 학습자 경험 연구이곳에서의 적용
    정본 · STEM Commons
  2. 계량경제학연계 데이터를 활용한 일자리 상실 효과 · 훈련 프로그램 평가 · 인력 전망이곳에서의 적용
    정본 · STEM Commons
  3. 경제학 및 개발경제학과업 기반 기술 분석 · 노동 시장 제도 · 정의로운 전환의 경제학이곳에서의 적용
    정본 · STEM Commons
13Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

이 페이지를 읽을 때 기준이 되는 기구와 문서. 상태와 판은 바뀌며, 각 링크는 발행 기구로 연결됩니다.

14질문

질문과 답변.

What is a NEET?
A young person not in employment, education or training, a measure of youth disengagement from work and learning.
What is scarring?
The lasting negative effect of early unemployment on a person’s later earnings, employment and wellbeing, documented in many countries.
Do apprenticeships help young people find work?
Evidence from many countries suggests that well-designed apprenticeships improve employment, though results depend on training quality and on genuine employer involvement.
What is labour market scarring?
Lasting reductions in earnings and employment for people who experience unemployment early in their careers or enter work during a downturn.
Do apprenticeships work?
Well-designed apprenticeships linked to employer demand generally show good outcomes, but quality and access vary widely between countries and occupations.
Does the platform run internship or graduate schemes?
No. It is a research platform. Supervised learning placements in the Consortium are described by Agency under written terms.
What helps disadvantaged young people most?
Evidence points to combinations of guidance, work-based learning, paid placements and active outreach, rather than any single measure.
How is professional inclusion measured?
Through the representation of different groups in professions, entry rates and progression, compared with the qualified population. Data gaps are common.
보고서기여하기

이 페이지에서 증거를 기여하십시오.

보고서 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRI일과 기술의 미래전망 보고근거 브리프

개인정보, 민감한 인프라 세부 정보, 공유할 권리가 없는 자료는 절대 보내지 마십시오. 기여물은 사용 전에 검토됩니다. 기여물을 보낸다고 해서 저작자 지위나 편집 권한이 부여되지 않으며, 후원으로 조사 결과를 얻을 수 없습니다.

일과 기술의 미래

방법, 데이터세트 또는 질문을 가져오십시오.

정보와 문의는 오늘부터 열려 있습니다. 문의에는 참조 번호가 부여되고 다음 단계가 안내됩니다. 신청, 결제, 컴퓨팅 할당, 등록은 해당 팀, 약관, 심사 역량이 갖추어졌을 때만 열립니다.

방법 제안 모든 연락 경로 보기
법률

이 사이트의 지도, 데이터와 그림은 맥락과 일반 정보로 제시됩니다. 조언, 예보 또는 경보가 아니며, 정보의 한계는 면책 고지와 데이터 고지에 나와 있습니다.