GCRI · Future of Work and Skills
Future of Work and Skills
Work, automation, skill formation and institutional adaptation to fast technological change. Future of Work and Skills is an established platform of The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation.
- STEM methods
- 5
- Canonical methods this field applies
- Topics
- 8
- Subject pages in the field
- Counterparts
- 5
- Platforms in shared fields across the network
- Report series
- 2
- Reports series it contributes to
The order things happen in.
- 01QuestionNational, regional or institutional priority
- 02EvidenceSTEM foundation of the platform
- 03BuildFoundry
- 04OrganiseNexus ecosystem
- 05TestUniverse (independent site)
- 06PublishReports
- 07DecideCompetent authorities and institutions, through NXS-RLS (participants, agreements and handoffs)
- 08RenewCorrections and the next annual agenda
The areas of work and skills this platform takes on.
Future of Work and Skills studies how work changes under technological, demographic and climate pressures, and how people and institutions adapt. Its pages cover labour market change, automation and jobs, occupational safety, lifelong learning, digital and platform work, the move from education to work, workforce planning in institutions, and social protection for workers. They set out the data, methods and evidence behind each, with every value labelled by its evidence and every limit stated. Labour ministries, employers, unions and educators decide.
Labour market change
Shifts in employment by sector, occupation, region and contract type, and what drives them.
Automation and jobs
How automation and AI change tasks, displace some work and create other work.
Occupational safety
Hazards at work, from heat and chemicals to psychosocial risks and new technologies.
Lifelong learning
Training and reskilling throughout working life, and who has access to it.
Digital work and platforms
Work arranged through apps and online platforms, and the rights and protections it carries.
Education to work
How young people move from school and training into decent jobs, or fail to.
Workforce planning
How organisations and public services anticipate the skills and staff they will need.
Work and social protection
Unemployment insurance, pensions and income support that protect workers through change.
Skills and exposure console.
The screen a team would use to follow this field: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.
Skills and exposure console
Labour market A · Year 2
Occupations by exposure
| Clerical support | 84,126 | 0.5 | Substitute | Data operations |
| Machine operators | 67,595 | 0.5 | Mixed | Robot maintenance |
| Care workers | 26,542 | 0.1 | Complement | Upskill |
| Analysts | 9486 | 0.6 | Complement | Upskill |
Vacancies by skill
Reskilling pathway
- Assessskills profile
- Matchtarget role
- Train12 weeks
- Placeemployer
- Follow up6 months
The questions this field works on.
Labour market change
Sector employment and occupational risk.
TopicAutomation and jobs
AI/robotics impact and job redesign.
TopicOccupational safety
Human factors and new work hazards.
TopicLifelong learning
Mid-career transitions and skill maintenance.
TopicDigital work and platforms
Remote work, platform labour and new organisations.
TopicEducation to work transition
Access and professional inclusion.
TopicInstitutional workforce planning
Public and private sector capacity.
TopicWork and social protection
Income, inequality and transition safeguards.
Stocks, flows, delays and a tipping threshold.
Two stocks, pressure and adaptive capacity, joined by a reinforcing growth loop, a delayed balancing response and damage when pressure outruns capacity; past the threshold the system can tip. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows Southeast Asia; the model itself is not tied to a place.
Controls
- Growth of pressure
- 6.0% a year
- Efficacy of capacity in reducing pressure
- 4.0% a year
- Investment response to perceived pressure
- 20%
- Perception delay
- 4.0 years
- Tipping threshold of pressure
- 60 index
- Amplification past the threshold
- 2.0 times
- Years simulated
- 50 years
Readouts
- Peak pressure
- 113 index
- Capacity at the end
- 186 index
- Years over the threshold
- 15.8 years
Numbers, methods and sources
| Year | Pressure | Capacity | Perceived |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 20.0 | 50.0 | 20.0 |
| 4 | 23.3 | 44.9 | 21.2 |
| 8 | 27.2 | 42.2 | 24.0 |
| 12 | 31.7 | 42.3 | 27.7 |
| 16 | 36.8 | 45.5 | 32.2 |
| 20 | 42.3 | 51.5 | 37.2 |
| 24 | 47.9 | 60.3 | 42.6 |
| 28 | 53.2 | 71.3 | 48.0 |
| 32 | 57.8 | 84.3 | 53.1 |
| 36 | 66.4 | 98.4 | 58.4 |
| 40 | 82.7 | 115.9 | 69.7 |
| 44 | 97.8 | 139.7 | 83.8 |
| 48 | 109.1 | 169.4 | 97.3 |
Methods
- System dynamics Forrester (1961), Industrial Dynamics, MIT Press; Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics
- Critical transitions and tipping points Scheffer and others (2009), Early-warning signals for critical transitions, Nature 461
- Causal loop diagram Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics, McGraw-Hill
- Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
- One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley
Data
No observed data enters this model: it runs on the teaching values set by the controls, to be replaced with a programme’s own evidence.
Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium
- Experiments Labs
- Built in Future of Work and Skills in Foundry
- Tested at Future of Work and Skills in Universe
- Codified in Governance, Security and Society in Standards
- Published in Future of Work and Skills in Reports
- Taught in Faculty of Health and Society in Academy
Technology changes tasks faster than institutions change.
Work is how most people earn a living, build skills and find a place in society. When the tasks that make up jobs change faster than education, training, labour law and social protection can adapt, the costs fall on workers, families and regions that depend on particular industries.
Tasks and wages
How technology changes the demand for tasks and skills, and with it wages and employment.
Adaptation lag
Education, training, labour law and social protection that adjust more slowly than technology.
Uneven exposure
Effects concentrated by occupation, place, age, gender and prior education.
Waves of automation have always reshaped work. Mechanisation moved labour out of agriculture; computerisation removed many routine clerical and production tasks while creating demand for new skills. Artificial intelligence and advanced robotics extend automation to tasks once thought to need human judgement, including writing, analysis, coding, image interpretation and some physical handling. At the same time, demographic ageing, the energy transition, climate impacts on outdoor work and the growth of platform-mediated labour are changing who works, where and on what terms.
Failures cascade through connected systems. Skill shortages slow critical projects in health, energy and infrastructure. Displacement concentrated in one place erodes local tax bases and public services. Insecure work leaves people without protection when shocks hit, so a pandemic, a plant closure or a heatwave becomes a household crisis. Mismatched education systems produce graduates for jobs that are disappearing, while employers cannot find people for those that are growing.
The research problem is to measure these shifts honestly, separating exposure from displacement and hype from evidence, and to understand which institutional responses actually help.
Model Future of Work and Skills as a system. Run the cascade.
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile Societal and information risk standards: the hazards it names, the systems and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
Hazards
- Civil unrest
- Supply-chain disruption (set off downstream)
- Currency crisis (set off downstream)
Systems and couplings
Controls
NS-0Constitution and principlesNS-9Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)NS-11Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)NS-12Software, model and AI/ML artefacts (supply chain, model cards, dataset sheets)NRS-H117Hazard family: Social cohesion and atrocity risk (NHS-1 soc.cohesion)NRS-X7Information integrity and public trustNRS-D2Society, inclusion and human development riskNRS-H52Hazard family: Information-integrity attacks (NHS-1 cyber.integrity)NRS-H79Hazard family: Mental health crises (NHS-1 health.mental)NRS-H59Hazard family: Economic shocks and governance failure (NHS-1 soc.economic)
Observation
- WorldPop gridded population (listed for reference)
- World Bank Open Data and World Development Indicators API (listed for reference)
- Global SDG Indicators Database (listed for reference)
- Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population
- Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income
- Number of countries that adopt and implement guarantees for public access to information
Example geography
- The Horn of Africa: 253 hexagonal cells
- Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day/Night Band), NASA GIBS
What Future of Work and Skills does.
The future of work is the set of changes in how, where and on what terms people work, driven by technology, demography, climate and policy. Future of Work and Skills covers labour market change, automation, occupational safety, lifelong learning, platform work, youth transitions, workforce planning and social protection. Labour ministries, employers, unions and educators decide.
Its community
Labour economists; educators; employers; workforce researchers; unions.
Its methods
Future-skills research; labour indicators; competency mapping.
Its outputs
Future-of-work briefs; skills transition research; learning pathways.
How Future of Work and Skills is modelled, measured and tested.
The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.
System model
The couplings between the systems in Future of Work and Skills: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.
Model, equations and assumptions
The model structure used for Future of Work and Skills, the assumptions it makes and how each is tested.
Ri = f(Hi, Ei, Vi, Ci)hazard, exposure, vulnerability and coping capacityEAL = ∑k pk · Lkover events k with annual probability pkxt+1 = A xt + B ut + εtA carries the couplings, u the shock, ε the error| Assumption | Why it is made | How it is tested |
|---|---|---|
| Hazard and exposure are independent within an event | Keeps the loss integral tractable | Compare with a copula fit on joint records |
| Couplings are linear near the operating point | Lets shocks propagate through A | Perturb beyond the linear range and compare |
| Vulnerability curves transfer between places | Local curves are rarely available | Validate against observed losses where they exist |
- Inputs
- versioned datasets with provenance
- Outputs
- distributions, never single numbers
- Code
- released with the model card and tests
- Reproduction
- same data, code, environment and seed
What Future of Work and Skills studies, and who decides labour policy.
Future of Work and Skills, studies how work changes under technological, demographic and climate pressures, and how people and institutions adapt. Labour ministries, employers, unions and educators decide; the platform prepares evidence and takes no side in labour relations.
Exposure estimates shown here describe tasks, not job losses, and are labelled as estimates.
People and exposure in Southeast Asia.
Population density, night lights and daytime surface heat over Southeast Asia, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.
The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.
Layers 3
People and exposure, for this page
About this layer
- Evidence
- Estimated
- Source
- Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))
- Provider
- NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0
- Vintage
- null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)
- Resolution
- about 1 km grid
- Uncertainty
- Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Observed
- Source
- VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) (NASA LAADS DAAC)
- Provider
- NASA LAADS DAAC
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- daily; Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere
- Newest at build
- 2026-10-12
- Resolution
- about 500 m grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite night-time radiance for the date shown; lights are a proxy for electricity use and outages, not a measurement of supply or access.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)
- Source
- VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day (NASA LANCE)
- Provider
- NASA LANCE
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- 8-day; Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps
- Newest at build
- 2026-09-14
- Resolution
- about 1 km grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite skin temperature of the ground over the 8 days ending on the date shown, a heat exposure indicator; not air temperature, heat index or a heat warning.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Observed
- Source
- VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)
- Provider
- NASA LANCE
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- daily; Satellite image
- Newest at build
- 2026-10-14
- Resolution
- about 250 m grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)
- Source
- MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)
- Provider
- NASA LP DAAC
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes
- Newest at build
- 2024-01-01
- Resolution
- about 500 m grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
About this layer
- Evidence
- Observed (clouds leave gaps)
- Source
- OMI Aura (NASA GES DISC)
- Provider
- NASA GES DISC
- Licence
- NASA open data
- Vintage
- daily; Satellite retrieval; clouds leave gaps
- Newest at build
- 2026-10-10
- Resolution
- about 2 km grid
- Uncertainty
- Satellite column of nitrogen dioxide in the lower atmosphere on the day shown, mostly from combustion; not a ground-level concentration or a health warning.
- Reached through
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map
Keyboard, with the map focused
Hold Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll to zoom
Latest available
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth
Loading the latest NASA imagery.
Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.
People and exposure, framed on Southeast Asia.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.
Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERTSources and licences
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
- VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- OMI nitrogen dioxide (Aura) and OMPS aerosol index (Suomi NPP), NASA; distributed by the NASA GES DISC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA open data
- Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
- © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). ODbL
- Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
- Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
- Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.
- Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.
- Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- Air quality forecast, 5 days, PM2.5 (CAMS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information 2026.
- Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
- Optional layers (9 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.
Layers and dates
- Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
- Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
- Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE · 14 Sep 2026
- True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026
- Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC · 2024
- Nitrogen dioxide, lower atmosphere column: OMI Aura, NASA GES DISC · 10 Oct 2026
Work in every domain is changing.
- WaterHow this field couples to itUtilities face retiring workforces and new digital skills needs.
- EnergyHow this field couples to itThe energy transition creates and removes jobs in different places.
- FoodHow this field couples to itAgricultural work is exposed to heat and to automation.
- HealthHow this field couples to itHealth workforce shortages limit system resilience.
- BiodiversityHow this field couples to itRestoration and conservation create new green jobs that need skills.
Where work evidence goes.
Labour analyses are designed for the Exponential Technology series and the Country Systems Risk and Resilience series. Occupational data keep ISCO-08 coding under the proposed Nexus Standards.
- Labour statisticians can share data and methods.
- Unions and employers can propose joint studies.
- Educators can share skills pathway evaluations.
Shared evidence for workers, employers and institutions.
The platform’s methods are future-skills research, labour indicators and competency mapping. It is designed to publish future-of-work briefs, skills transition research and learning pathways that employers, educators, unions and public agencies can examine and use.
Who it serves
Labour economists, educators, employers, workforce researchers and unions, with public employment services and training providers.
How it works
Labour market indicators, task and skills taxonomies, econometric evaluation of programmes and studies of workplaces adopting new technology.
What it is designed to publish
Future-of-work briefs, skills transition research and learning pathways, through reviewed publication.
The platform does research. It is not a learning programme: courses are hosted on Risk Academy, led by the Nexus Consortium, and GCRI’s own learning is on GCRI learning and courses. The platform does not place workers, accredit courses or advise individual employers.
Grounded in STEM, connected across the Consortium.
The platform applies economics and development economics, econometrics, social and behavioural science, artificial intelligence and machine learning and robotics and automation; see the STEM foundation of Future of Work and Skills. It works closely with Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems at GCRI on what AI systems can actually do.
- Innovation NexusInstitutionThe Global Risks Forum (GRF)What it addsConvening on innovation, adoption and the institutions that shape it.
- AI and Digital GovernanceInstitutionThe Global Risks Forum (GRF)What it addsGovernance of AI and digital systems, including their effects on work.
- Information Integrity and Public TrustInstitutionThe Global Risks Forum (GRF)What it addsPublic trust and the information environment around technological change.
- Institutional Funds NexusInstitutionThe Global Risks Alliance (GRA)What it addsShared industry understanding of pension and institutional funds, whose members’ working lives are changing.
- AI and Financial Model RiskInstitutionThe Global Risks Alliance (GRA)What it addsAI and model risk in financial services, including its workforce dimension.
Field gateways: Work and skills, Society and human development and Artificial intelligence.
Built on named science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
Every claim on Future of Work and Skills rests on methods with a canonical page in the STEM Commons, so readers can see what a finding depends on and where its limits lie.
How work moves in this field.
A question becomes evidence, a governed build, an organised community, a controlled test, a reviewed publication and, finally, a decision taken by the competent authority under its own rules.
- Question Universe National, regional or institutional priority. Question in Future of Work and Skills
- Evidence Foundry STEM foundation of the platform. Evidence in Future of Work and Skills
- Build Foundry Foundry. Build in Future of Work and Skills
- Organise Universe Nexus ecosystem. Organise in Future of Work and Skills
- Test Universe Universe (independent site). Test in Future of Work and Skills
- Publish Reports Reports. Publish in Future of Work and Skills
- Decide Competent authority Competent authorities and institutions, through NXS-RLS. Decide in Future of Work and Skills
- Renew Universe Corrections and the next annual agenda. Renew in Future of Work and Skills
Each step of the cycle in the pillar it runs in; the decision stays with the competent authority, outside the programme.
- Labs
- Foundry
- Universe
- Nexus Standards
- Reports
- Risk Academy
- Competent authority (outside the programme)
How this works across the six pillars.
Future of Work and Skills works through six pillars of one annual programme, led by the Nexus Consortium, with GCRI, GRF and GRA each contributing in its role: explore, experiment and prototype in Labs, build, simulate and prepare in Foundry, convene and test in Universe, codify, correct and apply in Nexus Standards, publish in every format in Reports, teach in the open in Risk Academy.
handoff in playrecorded handoffno direct handoff
Programme yearAll phases
Route
The whole programme
Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year’s feedback loops.
L · F · U · S · R · A
- Pillars
- 6 of 6
- Handoffs
- 18 of 18
- Loops
- 17 closed
Handoffs in play
- F01Universe → Foundry · Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision caseReadiness preparation
- F02Foundry → Universe · Core Build Report and go or no-go evidenceControlled build
- F03Foundry → Reports · Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profileCloseout
- F04Universe → Reports · After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13After-action review
and 14 more
- LabsWhere questions become experiments and prototypes: new methods, data and tools are tried in the open, with their limits on record, before the Foundry builds them, under the Nexus Consortium.Labs
- FoundryWhere methods, data and models become reproducible builds, each run with its inputs, version and limits on record.Future of Work and Skills in FoundryFoundry
- UniverseWhere a build is tested under controlled conditions with independent evaluators, so a method’s skill is measured, not assumed.Future of Work and Skills in Universeuniverse.nexus
- Nexus StandardsWhere methods, identifiers and data schemas are codified in the open and corrected when a test finds a fault.Governance, Security and Society in Standardsnexustandards.com
- ReportsWhere findings are published with their method, uncertainty and evidence class, and corrected as new versions.Future of Work and Skills in ReportsReports
- Risk AcademyWhere methods and systems are taught on real data and real places, by working the case, on Risk Academy.Faculty of Health and Society in Academyrisksacademy.com
What the work is read against.
The platform does not set standards. It reads its evidence against the frameworks that competent bodies have adopted, so a finding can be placed where a decision-maker already works.
| Framework or standard | Body | What it sets |
|---|---|---|
| Decent Work Agenda and ILO Centenary Declaration for the Future of Work | International Labour Organization | Employment, rights at work, social protection and social dialogue as pillars of decent work |
| ILO Fundamental Conventions, including Occupational Safety and Health (C155 and C187) | International Labour Organization | Core labour standards, including a safe and healthy working environment as a fundamental right |
| International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) | International Labour Organization | The standard classification of jobs used to compare occupations across countries |
| International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) | UNESCO Institute for Statistics | The framework for classifying education programmes and levels |
| ESCO European skills, competences, qualifications and occupations classification | European Commission | A multilingual taxonomy linking occupations and skills |
| Guidelines for a just transition | International Labour Organization | Policy guidance for a fair transition to environmentally sustainable economies |
| Social Protection Floors Recommendation (R202) | International Labour Organization | Basic social security guarantees across the life course |
| ISO 45001 Occupational health and safety management systems | International Organization for Standardization | Requirements for managing occupational health and safety |
| Platform Work Directive | European Union | Rules on employment status, algorithmic management and transparency in platform work |
The same field, seen three ways.
GCRI studies a field as science, GRF governs it and GRA builds shared financial understanding of it. Future of Work and Skills links to its counterparts so that work on one side is visible on the others.
- Innovation NexusInstitutionGRFShared fieldArtificial intelligence
- AI and Digital GovernanceInstitutionGRFShared fieldArtificial intelligence
- Information Integrity and Public TrustInstitutionGRFShared fieldSociety and human development
- Institutional Funds NexusInstitutionGRAShared fieldSociety and human development
- AI and Financial Model RiskInstitutionGRAShared fieldArtificial intelligence
Where this page’s references lead.
The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.
- ILO Centenary Declaration for the Future of Work (ILO, 2019)
- International Standard Classification of Occupations, ISCO-08 (ILO)
- Directive (EU) 2024/2831 on improving working conditions in platform work
- ILO Social Protection Floors Recommendation, 2012 (No. 202)
- Nexus Standards, the proposed NS series (nexustandards.com)
Pages in Future of Work and Skills.
Mandate and publisher
PageField overview
PageResearch and evidence
PageInnovation and practical technology
PageProgrammes and projects
PageData and technical methods
PageSpecialist community
PageLearning and professional development
PageEvents and technical dialogues
PageResearch and publications
PageParticipation paths
PageContact the specialist team
PageTrust, rights and status
PageSTEM foundation of Future of Work and Skills
PageChapters
PageHow work moves in this field
PageBuild in Foundry
PageTest in Universe
PagePublish in Reports
PageThe same field across the Consortium
PageTopics
Questions and answers.
Who publishes Future of Work and Skills?
Is Future of Work and Skills active?
How can I contribute?
Where are findings published?
Which values on this platform are real?
How do I report an error?
Is this a job board or training provider?
Does the platform take sides between employers and unions?
Contribute evidence from this page.
Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
- EmailGateway GW-GCRISend it from this pageEvidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.
- ZenodoOpen depositDeposit it and submit to the communityPublish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.
- ReportsGCRISee every way to contributeThe contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.
Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.
How Future of Work and Skills works.
Choose a view and press Play to follow the platform’s process, its programme year, the standards it applies and how its findings are published. The outline shows how the work is designed to run, not the status of any decision.
Future of Work and Skills
How Future of Work and Skills works
Platforms · Programme year · Standards · Reports
A platform joins a field to named methods, labelled evidence and the outputs it publishes, without becoming the authority it serves.
01 Scope
- 01Field and familiesStart · The platform leadThe home states the field, its families and who it serves.
- 02Topic dossiersRecord · Platform authorsTopics explain the subject with labelled evidence.
02 Evidence
- 03Evidence labelsRecord · GCRIEach value is labelled: observed, published statistics, estimated, modelled, scenario or unknown.
- 04MethodsStep · Method ownersMethods come from the STEM Commons, each with one canonical page.
03 Work
- 05Scenarios on the systemsModel · Foundry pillarScenarios run on the Nexus systems, labelled as scenario.
- 06Standards that applyRecord · Nexus StandardsThe platform names the standards that apply. A validator report is evidence for review.
04 Publish
- 07EditionsRecord · ReportsFindings are published through Reports with their limits.
- 08Authority decidesOutcome · The competent authorityDecisions and execution stay with the government, operator or licensed institution.
Future of Work and Skills home · Platforms · Shared methodsAn outline of how the work is designed to run; it does not report the status of any decision or record.
Take part in Future of Work and Skills.
Start from who you are. Answer an open call. Or form and lead a competence cell on the Future of Work and Skills platform.
National institutions
Ministries, statistics offices and agencies: a national desk and chapter, and a seat in the working groups. National chapters
Sectors and professions
Operators, regulators, banks, insurers and professional bodies whose work touches Future of Work and Skills. Participate
Learning
Courses and practice, with a record of every course completed. Free to study. Open learning
Standards
Draft, review and adopt the methods and data standards with the working groups. Working groups
Communities and research
Universities, civil society and individual experts: projects, data and review. Write to the team
| Open call | Seeks | Closes |
|---|---|---|
| Founding call for experts to the working groups CALL-FOUNDING-EXPERTS | expert, editor, chair | 2026-12-15 |
| Open nomination for the three independent expert seats of the Global Standards Council CALL-GSC-IND | council-member | 2026-12-01 |
| Nominations of interim regional members (applies only if the transitional provision is decided) CALL-GSC-REG | council-member | 2026-12-15 |
| Review of the wave-1 risk core outlines (C1, C2, C3, C4, C8, C10, C11) CALL-REVIEW-WAVE1 | contributor | 2027-01-31 |
| Experts for the core standards of risk science: uncertainty and evidence grading, scales, structured expert judgement, tolerability, extremes and compound events, catastrophic and existential risk, ethics and equity, units and measurement (NRS-C17 to NRS-C24) CALL-CORE-SCIENCE | expert, editor, chair | 2027-01-31 |
| Independent reviewers for the families of the hazard atlas, three from at least two regions for each family (NHS2-R19), priority families first CALL-ATLAS-REVIEW | expert | 2027-03-31 |
| Members of the interim Frontier Safety Review Panel and red-team reviewers (biosafety and biosecurity, AI safety and security, critical-infrastructure security); applications treated in confidence CALL-FRONTIER-SAFETY-REVIEW | expert | 2026-11-30 |
| Experts in ontology, metrology, software verification and conformity assessment for the requirement register, the NHS-2 machine representation, the conformance test suites and the conformity assessment scheme CALL-CONFORMANCE-ONTOLOGY | expert, editor | 2027-01-31 |
Calls past their closing date are hidden automatically. Every call, proposal and route: open areas and calls.
Gather the cell
Bring together three to seven people with complementary skills: data, field practice, policy and communication.
Register it
Write to the team with the cell’s name, members, area and region. You receive a reference and a contact. Write to the team
Choose a charter
Pick one focus: research and evidence, data and maps, standards review, or community preparedness.
Learn together
Follow shared study paths at Risk Academy, with practice and a record of every course completed. Hazards and resilience
Lead and report
Hold regular sessions. Publish what the cell learns through Reports. Bring findings to the working groups. Working groups
What a national team or a local community can do on The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX) today.
Your country’s profile
Open risk profiles for 195 countries, with sources and licences on every value. Open the Index
Correct or reply
Correct a value or reply for your country. The change is logged with its effect. Open the Index
Offer data
Offer a dataset. It enters through the licence gate, with your credit. Open the Index
Every figure on this page is indexed: society, demography, health, Southeast Asia.
The Index is the Consortium’s indexing system for risk data. Every indicator, hazard, series and country profile carries its Nexus Standards identifier, its source and its licence, so what this page shows can be traced, corrected and reused.
- 01 · Sources205 registered sourcesEvery value keeps its source and licence; withheld values are counted.Data and licences
- 02 · Nexus StandardsNIS-1 and NHS-1451 indicators, 905 hazards; every record carries a UNI.Nexus Standards
- 03 · The Index54 series, 195 country profilesComputed on the standards; no value is published until an edition is released.The Global Risks Index
- 04 · This pageFuture of Work and SkillsMaps, figures and feeds read the Index in the context of society, demography, health and Southeast Asia.Public API
Series in this context society, demography, health
- GSGlobal DevelopmentPoverty, inequality, human development, demographic pressure and displacement as the ground on which shocks become losses.NXS-GRX-AR-000064Society · Demography · Health
- GLBGlobal SystemsThe state of interdependent global risk: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core systems (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap…NXS-GRX-AR-000002Society · Health · Demography
- GSGlobal HealthHealth security capacity, epidemic emergence and spread, heat and air-quality burden, health system stress and access.NXS-GRX-AR-000062Health · Society · Demography
- SRConflict, fragility and human securityConflict risk and escalation, fragility, organised violence, civilian harm and the conflict–climate–food–displacement nexus.NXS-GRX-AR-000075Governance · Demography · Society
Country profiles Southeast Asia
Every country profile carries the source and licence of each value. Correct a value or reply
Hazard domains NHS-1
- Health and biosecurityNXS-GRX-AR-000143
- Society, conflict and economyNXS-GRX-AR-000147
Geodata and API open
Open layers on an equal-area hexagon grid, shown as densities per km² or as symbols: People · GHSL 2025People · WorldPop 2025Built-up areaPortsAirportsRoadsRailwaysRivers and lake centrelines
/api/v1/public/grix · https://nexustandards.com/uni/{uni}
Developers · Data · Made with Natural Earth, Public domain; GHSL and WorldPop, CC BY 4.0
Snapshot of the Index registries pinned 2026-10-23 · 22c6eed. Research and risk-analytics information: not a rating, an official classification, a warning, a benchmark or advice.
Bring a method, a dataset or a question.
Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.
Legal documents.
Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. They are not advice, forecasts or warnings; the limits of the information are set out in the Disclaimers and Data Notices.