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GCRI · Futuro del trabajo y las competencias

Planificación institucional de la fuerza laboral

Hospitals, schools, utilities and public administrations must anticipate how many staff with which skills they will need, as demand, technology and demographics change. Shortages in critical services can become crises when shocks hit. This page sets out how workforce planning works, how supply and demand for skills are forecast and monitored, and what evidence serves the institutions and governments that plan their workforce.

01Registro

Institutional workforce planning on the record.

02La pregunta

Institutional workforce planning: how the risk develops.

Public and private sector capacity. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

Mecanismo

Training takes years

Doctors, nurses, engineers and teachers take years to train, so shortages cannot be fixed quickly and planning must look ahead.

Mecanismo

Retirement waves create gaps

Ageing workforces in public services face waves of retirement that drain experience faster than recruits can replace it.

Mecanismo

Migration moves skills

Health and other professionals migrate to higher-paying countries, relieving shortages there and creating them in origin countries.

Mecanismo

Shortages cascade in crises

In emergencies, understaffed services lose capacity first, and burnout among remaining staff can drive further departures.

03Seguimiento

Consola de competencias y exposición.

La pantalla que utilizaría un equipo para seguir esta materia: sus mediciones, estados y decisiones. Los nombres son ejemplos y los valores son ilustrativos.

Consola de competencias y exposición

Institutional workforce planning · Labour market A · Year 2

Brecha en los roles de datosGCRI · Futuro del trabajo y las competencias

Ocupaciones por exposición

Personal administrativo51,4510.7SustitutoOperaciones de datos
Operadores de máquinas28,1830.7MixtoMantenimiento de robots
Trabajadores de cuidados52,5110.1ComplementoMejorar competencias
Analistas24,3490.3ComplementoMejorar competencias

Vacantes por competencia

050100vacantes por cada 100 solicitantes de empleoDatosAtenciónOficiosVerdeAdministración

Itinerario de recualificación

  1. Evaluarperfil de competencias
  2. Coincidenciapuesto objetivo
  3. Capacitar11 semanas
  4. Lugarempleador
  5. Dar seguimiento6 meses
Skills and exposure console: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Institutional workforce planning.Nombres de ejemplo y valores ilustrativos; un diseño, no un registro ni un sistema en vivo.
04En todos los dominios

Institutions in every domain need workforce plans.

05Métodos y evidencia

How institutional workforce planning is modelled, measured and tested.

El modelo, sus supuestos, sus datos y su incertidumbre, en la forma en que un científico o un ingeniero los comprobaría. Las estructuras siguen métodos publicados. Los valores representados son ilustrativos, no hallazgos.

Modelo de sistema

The couplings between the systems in institutional workforce planning: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.

++−++TrabajoSociedadInteligencia artificialComunidadesEconomíaR de refuerzoB equilibrio
Causal loop diagram from the page’s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.
Principios rectores FAIR · GO FAIR y FORCE11W3C PROV · World Wide Web ConsortiumOrientación para un tratamiento coherente de las incertidumbres · IPCCCEOS Analysis Ready Data · Comité sobre Satélites de Observación de la Tierra
06Indicadores

Qué se mide y con qué calidad.

Cada indicador lleva su unidad, su periodicidad, el tipo de fuente que lo respalda y la etiqueta de evidencia que llevaría un valor. No se muestran valores: un programa los aporta bajo su propia autoridad.

IndicadorUnidadCadenciaTipo de fuenteEtiqueta
Vacancy rate in critical occupationspercent of poststrimestralEmployer and sector recordsNOTIFICADO
Workforce age profileshare aged fifty-five and overanualWorkforce registersEstadísticas publicadas
Training places versus projected needratioanualPlanning projectionsPRONÓSTICO
Staff turnoverpercent per yearanualHuman resources recordsOBSERVADO
Foreign-trained professionalspercent of workforceanualProfessional registersEstadísticas publicadas
Health worker densityper ten thousand populationanualNational Health Workforce AccountsEstadísticas publicadas
07Fuentes

De dónde procede la evidencia.

Conjuntos de datos públicos y registros institucionales identificados, cada uno con su tipo de licencia. Las fuentes obtenidas por acuerdo solo se utilizan conforme a sus condiciones y nunca se republican.

FuenteLo que aportaTipo de licencia
WHO National Health Workforce AccountsHealth workforce stock and flowsOpen, WHO terms of use
WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel reportingEthical recruitment and migration dataPublic, WHO terms of use
Cedefop skills forecastsSkills supply and demand projections in EuropePublic, EU terms
Public service workforce statisticsSize, age and turnover of public workforcesPublic records, licence per government
UNESCO data on teachersTeacher numbers and qualificationsOpen, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
08Decisiones

Quién decide y a qué sirve la evidencia.

Future of Work and Skills prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.

Quién decideLa preguntaEvidencia a la que sirve esta página
Health, education and public service ministriesHow many professionals to train and recruitProjections; turnover analyses
Institutions and employersHow to retain staff and plan successionTurnover and age evidence
Governments in origin and destination countriesHow to manage professional migration ethicallyMigration evidence

Productos que genera este tema

  • Workforce supply and demand projections with ranges
  • Retirement and turnover risk analyses
  • Migration flow analyses for critical professions
  • Evidence notes for workforce strategies
09Cuestiones centrales

What workforce planners ask.

  • What skills will the organisation or sector need in five and ten years?
  • How many people with those skills exist, and how many will retire or leave?
  • Where are shortages most likely to disrupt critical services?
  • How can capacity be built, through training, recruitment, redesign or technology?
10Mecanismos

Why shortages persist.

Training skilled workers takes years, so supply responds slowly to demand. Ageing workforces in sectors such as health, utilities and public administration create waves of retirement. Public sector pay structures may not compete for scarce skills such as digital, engineering and data roles. Critical national missions, such as an energy transition or a disaster recovery programme, can require skills faster than sistemas can produce them.

Planning often fails because it extrapolates past trends, works in sector silos and is not linked to education provision or funding decisions.

11Métodos y datos

Tools for planning capacity.

  1. 01

    Supply and demand modelling

    Projecting workforce stock and needs under scenarios, using economía y economía del desarrollo. Projections are sensitive to assumptions about technology and policy.

  2. 02

    Competency mapping

    Defining the competencies roles require and assessing the current workforce against them.

  3. 03

    Scenario planning

    Testing workforce plans against different futures, using econometría and expert judgement. Scenarios are not forecasts.

  4. 04

    Capacity audits

    Reviewing critical roles, single points of failure and succession.

13Where this page’s references

Where this page’s references lead.

Los organismos y documentos con los que se lee esta página. El estado y las ediciones cambian; cada enlace lleva al organismo emisor.

14Preguntas

Preguntas y respuestas.

What is workforce planning?
The process of forecasting the number and skills of staff an organisation or sector will need and planning how to meet that need.
Why do health worker shortages persist?
Because training takes years, workers retire and migrate, and conditions drive some to leave, while demand rises with ageing populations.
What is the WHO Global Code on recruitment?
A voluntary code that sets principles for the ethical international recruitment of health personnel, with countries reporting on its implementation.
Why do workforce plans often miss?
They tend to extrapolate past trends, overlook interactions between sectors and are not linked to training and funding decisions. Scenario-based planning helps address this.
Can technology fill skill shortages?
Sometimes partly, by automating tasks or supporting less specialised staff. It can also create new shortages in the skills needed to run the technology.
Does the platform produce workforce plans for organisations?
No. It publishes methods and research. Organisations plan their own workforces; scoped technical assistance is described by Agency.
How does an ageing workforce affect planning?
It creates retirement waves that can remove experience faster than it can be replaced, so knowledge transfer and succession become planning priorities.
What is a single point of failure in a workforce?
A critical function that depends on one person or a very small group, so that their absence would stop the service.
serie ReportsContribuir

Aporte evidencia desde esta página.

serie Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

GCRIFuturo del trabajo y competenciasPerspectiva prospectivaNota de evidencia
Futuro del trabajo y competencias

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