Extreme sea level return levels
Skew surges and tides are analysed together, or annual maxima fitted, to estimate extreme sea levels and their confidence intervals at tide gauges.
GCRI · 海洋与海岸
Extreme value statistics estimate rare high sea levels, waves and marine heat from limited records. In this field they give the return levels used to design coastal defences and ports, and show how 海平面上升 changes their frequency.
Extreme value theory and 尾部风险 study the behaviour of rare, high-impact events. They provide methods to estimate the magnitude and frequency of extremes beyond the range of observed data. In oceans and coasts, climate and hazards and biodiversity and nature, extreme value methods set design levels and capital buffers for rare events. Tail dependence analysis reveals when extremes in different 系统 tend to occur together. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.
Skew surges and tides are analysed together, or annual maxima fitted, to estimate extreme sea levels and their confidence intervals at tide gauges.
Return levels are shifted by projected mean 海平面上升 to show how much more often today’s rare levels will be reached.
Peaks-over-threshold analysis of long wave records gives the design wave heights used for breakwaters, quays and offshore structures.
Marine heat, sea temperature and chlorophyll over Pacific Island states, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.
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NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap贡献者 (ODbL) · Natural Earth
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海洋状态,以太平洋岛国为取景。NASA 发布的卫星和模型产品,各带自己的日期。它们是指标,而非对任何地点的评估。
图层与日期
团队遵循该方法时会使用的界面:其指标、状态与决策。名称为示例,数值仅作示意。
Oceans and coasts · Extreme value statistics · Run R-6724
generalised Pareto fit
| Shape ξ | 0.09 | −0.04 | 0.45 | heavy tail if above zero |
| Scale σ | 3.1 | 0.9 | 6.9 | units of the variable |
| Exceedances | 138 | declustered |
Fits are checked with diagnostic plots, goodness-of-fit tests and out-of-sample comparison. Sensitivity to threshold and record length is reported.
| 核查 | 如何开展 |
|---|---|
| Record length | Return levels beyond several times the record length are flagged as extrapolation |
| Tail fit diagnostics | Fits are checked with return level plots |
| Independence of peaks | Declustering ensures events are independent |
Extrapolation far beyond the data is highly uncertain. Changing climates and markets violate stationarity assumptions.
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile 海洋与海岸风险标准: the hazards it names, the 系统 and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
灾害
系统与耦合
控制措施
NS-0 章程与原则NS-1 维持社会运转的 UNI 与制品目录(语法 v0.2:领域、部门、区域和环境分段)NS-3 风险记录 UNI(语法、旧编码对照、分配机构)NS-3b 数据集与产品元数据规范(STAC、DCAT、PROV-O)NS-5 图表、地图和可视化标准(配合 UI/UX 套件)NS-9 情境 UNI(部署、实例、计划实例)NS-11 验证与监测(证据、证明、零信任符合性观测)NRS-X3 海洋与海岸风险NRS-H11 危害类别:沿海与海平面危害(NHS-1 water.coastal)NRS-H79 危害类别:精神卫生危机(NHS-1 health.mental)NRS-H12 危害类别:海况极端事件(NHS-1 water.ocean-state)NRS-H67 危害类别:海洋环流与海洋临界点(NHS-1 planet.ocean-tipping)NRS-K18 领域包概况:海洋与海岸(DOMAIN-018)观测
示例地理范围
选择背景
部门 · 沿海风暴潮压力
支柱 · 沿海风暴潮KPI
在此背景之中依赖或移交关系,越粗越强不在此背景之内
计划年度所有阶段
背景
沿海风暴潮
红树林和沙丘可以吸收风暴潮;它们消失之处,港口、变电站和取水口就会首当其冲。
W · E · I · F · H · B
风险
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路径
应用于沿海风暴潮
L · F · U · S · R · A
响应
期望值
将鼠标悬停在支柱、线条或行上,查看其应用方式。
A:基于典型城市区域教学用值的教学级联(冲击 0.6,增益 0.35,四轮),并非实测值。B:示意性应用及每个支柱所负责的关键绩效指标;数值为已发布并注明出处的基准,并非预测。开放事件:NASA EONET,实时。
模型、其假设、数据和不确定性,以科学家或工程师会核查的形式呈现。结构遵循已发表的方法。所取数值仅为示意,不是研究发现。
How a satellite or sensor record becomes evidence on extreme value statistics for coasts, and where each step adds uncertainty.
Process explorer · Process
10 steps·5 个阶段
流程
巨灾模型通常包括危害、脆弱性、风险暴露与财务模块,并生成损失表、 年均损失、超越曲线、PML 与 TVaR。
依据公开来源对某一外部标准或方法的概述。它描述的是该框架的内容,而非任何运行记录。它并不表明 Nexus 或任何合作伙伴执行、认证或批准某一步骤。关口是该方法的一个步骤,绝不是 Nexus 的批准。
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